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Kansalaisten yhdenvertaisuus etuuksien saajina kuntoutuksen lakiviidakossa

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<BW * B^F DB ID?<<^^<W,B ITDW,WW<B ^a?DW = W,

<?A,B^ e:^,<W>aBBWW Wba^,^^a e>W<A<,?<;

Wee^^ J,AII<B,B `gg7) <B^8,BW `gg`KM <B;

W * B^F ^a^><A?? bD<*B ::AD^^ ,W<A,T;

><>W< e:^,<W>aBBWW b??<^W,b< ^bD<^^,<^ = T;

bD= J,AII<B,B `gg7KM W^ B >F>a?AW^

bD<*B ^T>W^,?? AeFW >aB^Da^aW^ = W<^ >DW;

>,b ?<BW * B^F M WW >aB^Da^a>W,?? ^T;

>D<^,^B ADB,B b<TBDA<W,B ?<W^ ^D<A<B^)

=D> >^^ B<<B ? ><BB ??<W,B) AA^<??<W,B) WD;

W<?<W,B >a<B >Wb^a>W,??<W,B >aB^Da^a>W,BM

<BW * B^F DB DW WaDA?<W^ >aB^Da^aW;

= T=,W^,?A e:*,WW >aB^Da^a>W,B T:D<^^=<,B)

= T=,W^ =<,B = I?b,?a=,B ^aD^^=<,B >BWW J^,;

TD eAM `ggGKM T=,W^,?A W<W ?^ aW,<^ DW= T;

=,W^,?A< = aW,<AA<??, B<<W^ DB DA^ W *F>W,B;

W M = = ADB<IaD?<W,>W< T>,B^aBa^ >aB^Da;

^a>W,B >D>DB<WaaW DB aW,B Tb<D<=B A<,?,W^

AaD^Da^aBa^ b<>,W^< ::AD^,^^b>W< JAAM

<,A< GC.Z) Tb<>DW>< = aaA?<B,B GCC.) DW<?<; = ^,Tb,eWA<B<W^,T<F `gg`KM

aB^Da^a>W,B >D:*,Te:A DB <> AeF^,B

?=,B^aBa^ aDA,WWM <W^<bAA<W^,B ?W^,B)

^eF<> <W^,B = WD^<Bb?<*<,B >a^^ >aB^Da^aW DB

?=,B^aBa^ >DW>,AB e: aW,AI< W<TaW0 = b=>e>e<W^,B Te:A< M <<A, baDW<B >D:*,Te:;

A<>W< Db^ ^a??,,^ e: bB:,AA^ <> Te:A ^ =

^eF>ebe^^FAee*,B a:B ?? D?,b^ :,B><?F^ J<,;

A< GC.[) aTD GCCg) Tb<>DW>< = T> I GCC5) aaA?<B,B = <?>>aA `ggG) DW<?<;

= ^,Tb,eWA<B<W^,T<F `gg`$KM aB^Da^a>W,B ^a^><;

Aa>W<WW DB `ggg;?aba?? BDW^,^^a ,W<<B bTW<B><B

?IW,^) BaDT,^) <> B^eb ^) ^eF^^FA ^ W,> I <:;

*,DB8,?A<W,^ J<BB>B8W eAM `ggg) a<>>;

B,B eAM `gg7) T=?<B,B = <?>>aA `gg7) a<>>B,B eAM `gg5KM

aB^Da^a>W,B DW= T=,W^,?A< DB ^D<W^abW^<

eT<^,^^e WDb<^^ e:^,,B = >D>D >aB^Da^aW= T=,W;

^,?A e:^,B <W^ M >W< >^^b<AA<W^ e:^,B <W;

^ A<WeT<^e>W<W^ DB baD*,B GCCG >aB^Da^aW?<B;

W * BBFB aa*<W^aWM BW<AA <W^ >,T^ >aB^Da;

^aW= T=,W^,?A B :<W^DT<WW ^ WW aa*<W^a>W,WW W *,^^<<B >aB^Da^aW?<BW * BBFB >D>DB<WaaW(

C aa^^ ?>< = W,^aW^ W,> `_ aa*<W^,^^a ?><

= W,^aW^M a*<W^a>W,B ^T>D<^a>W,B D?< ITB;

^ = T=,W^,?A B ^D<A<baa^^ J `5C\Cg bIM) D;

W<?<; = ^,Tb,eWA<B<W^,T<F GCC7KM

aB^Da^aW?<BW * B^FFB W<W ?^eb ^ ?<^ =;

>a^ab^ ,BW<; = ^D<WW<=<W<<B ?>,<:<BM W<A,T><>;

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W< ?>< ^I^aTAb>aa^aW?<B I,TaW^,,?? >DTb^;

^bW^ >aB^Da^a>W,W^ J[`5\GCCGK DB ,BW<W<=<;

B,BM ,B >^^A >aB^Da^aW e?,,BW >DTb^B) b<>> >aB^ D?<W< =D B^Ba^ I?b,?a= = ^a><^D<;

A< =DB><B AaaB ?<B BD=??M ??<W,WW ^<?B;

^,,WW D<>,aW >DTba>W,,B W<<T^ee >aBB??,M <^

bW^D<B ?>< bAA<Waa*,B I,TaW^,,?? = T=,W^,^;

^ b<W^ I?b,?a<W^ = ^a><^D<A<W^ J_.g\GC.ZK DB

^D<WW<=<B,BM A B ?<B Aa><W< I?b,?a= = ^a;

><^D<A< = T=,W^,^ B b<B W<??D<B R>aB bAA<;

B,B :,B><?F ,< W T<<^^ b< = : B,??, WDI<b< I?;

b,?a= ^< ,^aa>W< AaaB ?<B BD=??R J7XKM ,TaW^aW?>< DB :<,TT><W,W^< ^b??<W^,B ?><,B e? IaD?,?? J>WD GCCg) T= Tb< `gg`KM , W<;

W ?^ I,TaW; ,?< e?,<W< D<>,a>W<) =D^> DB ^aTb^;

^a =D><W,??, J ,BI `gggKM b??<W,^ ?<^ W,>

B<<*,B ?IaD?,?? D?,b^ W,^a>W,^ = I ^F>W,^

W ^,?,b ^ ,W<A,T><>W< WDW<?<; = ^,Tb,eWI?b,?a;

=,B ^D^,a^aA<W^ > e^ BBFWW JaAIabaDT< = F8$'> `gg_KM

aB^Da^aW^ >DW>,b ?<BW * B^F DB B;

?eWD<Ba^ AAM ,AII<B,B J`gg7KM B DB >,W;

><^^eBe^ >aB^Da^a>W,B <:A<W>abB >:*,B ?<B DW?^( ?>< >aB^Da^^bW^ ^eF^D<A<BBW^

JG.C\`ggGK = ?>< >aB^Da^a>W,B W<>We:^,<W;

^eFW^ J7CZ\`gg_KM a?DW^,B Aa>B >aB^Da^a>;

W,B <:A<W>ab I,TaW^aa ^W;TbDDB = W,B ^aW;

^?? D?,bB <:A<WTbDDBM aAIabaDT< = F8;

$'> J`gg_K Db^ > W<^,??,,^ bAA<W^,B :,B><;

?F<*,B <:A<WD<>,a>W<M ,<* B ^a^><Aa>W,BW

?<<^^ee I<>D<B AeFW >aB^Da^a>W,,B) Aa^^ W, >,W;

><^^ee D<>,a>W<,B ^D^,a^aA<W,,B > e^ BBFB ^WD?;

?M aB^Da^aW= T=,W^,?A = ><>>< ^b??<W<

?>,= >^^b ^a^><AaW^ ,< ?Fe*eM eFW ,AI<<;

T<B,B ^a^><AaW = T=,W^,?A B DA<B<Waa>W<W^ =

>D>DB<Waa*,W^ DB ,T<^^ <B b : <W^ M

A B T^<>>,?<B ^T>D<^a>W,B DB B?eWD<;

* >aB^Da^aW^ >DW>,b ?<BW * B^F >BW;

?<W^,B e:*,Bb,T^<Waa*,B I,T<^^,,??<W,B ^aTb;

A<W,B B >F>a?AW^M ,TaW^aW?<B [ X ,*,??e^^

<:A<W^,B e:*,Bb,T^<Waa^^ ?<B ,*,WW JaDA,B I,TaW^aW?>< Z_G\GCCCKM , ^T>D<^^) ,^^ AeFW

>aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<,B ^a?<W< ^D^,a^a W<^,B) ,^^,< >,;

^ B W,^,^ ,T< W,AB <?AB :eb >We^^ b I,TaW^,^^M =??<W^,B T,WaTWW<,B =>A<B,B bD<

>a<^,B><B <:,a^^ W,B) ,^^ ,^aa>W< ,< <B D?, A:*D??<W^ ^^ =D><W,??, e:*,Bb,T^<W,W^<M <WW ^<?B^,<WW e:*,Bb,T^<WaaWI,T<^, ,*,?;

?e^^ ,BB?^ A T<^,?^e= ) e?,<W,W^< :eb >We^^ b<

= ^WIaD?<W,W^< WDb,??,^^b< I,TaW^,<^) =D<*,B Aa>B I ^F>W,B^,>D ^I:^aa J ,BI

`gggKM a^><AaW>eWeAe>W,B DB( A<?? I,TaW^,<?;

? ?<BW * BBFWW >BW?<W<??, A T<^,?? B D<;

>,aW ,T<?<W<<B >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<<BP a^><AaW<;

B,<W^DB > e^,^^<<B baD*,B `gg5 =B^W<W^

?<BW * B^F M

aB^Da^aW,^aa*,^ ^T>D<^^b^ >aB^Da^aWI?;

b,?a= = >aB^Da^aW=B ^D<A,,B^a?DB ^aTbb<

T:A T <W< WaDT<^a>W< JaDT< `gg7KM <>,a;

*,?? ^T>D<^,^B ^ WW e:^,e*,WW ?<BW * B;

BFWW A T<^,?^e D<>,a^^M DB>T,,^^<W,W^< D<>,;

a*,B ^D^,a^aA<B,B ^T>D<^^ >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<,B WA<W^M <BW * BBFB A T<^^,?,A ^ D<>,a*,^

,<b ^ >a<^,B>B D?, <B <?A,<W< M <>,a*,^ A ; T<^^eb ^ AeFW b,?bD??<Waa>W<,B >a^^ J,AII<;

B,B `gg7KM <TBDA<W^,B >aB^Da^aWI?b,?a=

>DW>,b^ b,?bD??<Waa*,^ Db^ >D:*,Te:A<,B D<;

>,a>W<M ,?bD??<Waa*,^ AeFW T=D<^^b^ ?<BW ;

* BBFB A T<^^,?,A< D<>,a>W<M <BW * B^F bD< A T<^,?? ,^aa*,B W=??, b,?bD<^^,<^) =D<*,B BDa*^^A<B,B DB ,^aa*,B WA<W,B ,*,??e^e>;

W,B M

<BW * BBFB > e^ BBFB ^D^,a^aA<W,,B b<;

>a^^b^ ADB,^ W<^) >a^,B >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<

= T=,W^ b<,B = T:D<^^b<,B ^:D=,B DA^ D:=,,^

JBWB,? >,?<^DW `gg`Y `gg_Y `gg7Y `gg5K)

>aB^<,B $a*=,^<^) ?><,B ^a?><B^ JTB<D GC.C)

>WD GCCgK W,> D<>,a*,B Wa$=,>^<<b<B,B = :T><BBBbT<B,B ?aDBB, J ,BI `ggg) aD;

T< `gg7KM a$=,>^<<b<B,B D<>,aW ,W<A,T><>W< >aB;

^Da^aWI?b,?aaB ^T>D<^^ W<^ ) ,^^ ?<WW DB A T<^,?^e I?b,?aB WA<W,B ,*,??e^e>W,^M <TB;

DA<W,B DB AeFBB,^^ b ,^aaW) =DW :><= ^ e^^

,*,??e^e>W,^M T><BBBbT<B,B D<>,aW ^T>D<^;

^ W<^ ) ,^^ b<TBDA<W,?? DB <^W,B <W^ :T><B;

^b?^ I ^^ ,WW B ,^aa*,B AeFB^ A<W,W^

J ,BI `ggg) aDT< `gg7KM

WW ^a^><Aa>W,WW ,< IeT<^ bW^AB W<<;

:,B) A<^,B >aB^Da^aW^ >DW>,b^ D<>,a*,^ > e;

^ BBFWW ^D^,a^ab^ ^< = b ^ ^D^,a^aA^^M <;

>,a>W<,B > e^ BBFB ^D^,a^aA<B,B D?<W< ^eeI<??<;

B,B ^bD<^, ?<BW * BBFB ^D<A,,BIBDDB >D:;

*<W^abWW Tb<D<B^<^a^><Aa>W,WWM A ?=,A;

AB >aB^Da^aW= T=,W^,?A ^WDB ID?<^<<>> W,?b<^;

^ b B :B>>,,B DW^a^><AaW >,W><^^ee ?<BW ;

* BBFWW ><^,e^eb B ID?<<^^<W,B ^:*DB = I,T<^;

^,<*,B ,T<^^,?,A<W,,BM

a^><AaW<B,<W^D>W< >,T ^^<<B =B^W<B,B) >aB;

^Da^a>W,,B WaDTB b<<^^b) ?<BW * B^F J<<^,(

a?a>>D GKM <B,<W^D W<W ?^ W,> ?>,= ,^^

W,^a>W<M =B^W<B,B ?<BW * B^F :aDA<D<^<<B GMGgM`gg5 W^<) >DW> ^aD??D<B W^a< bD<AB ?><

BWB,? >,?<^D>W,B >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<W^ =

>aB^Da^aWT:,^aa>W<W^ J5[[\`gg5KM , B :^<<B

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^TI,,??<W,>W< D^^ Aa>B B?eeW<<B) >DW>

BWB,? >,?<^DW DB >aB^Da^a>W,WW >,W>,<B,B

^D<A<=M

W,^a>W,^ ^D<A<b^ <B,<W^DWW I DW<B ?><,B

^ e*,B^ =<B M , B^b^ ^T>,AI< A T e>W<

?><,B ^D<A,,BIBDW^M <<^ WeeW^ ?>< = W,B ID:=?^ W *,^^e W,^aW B?eWD<^<<B e?,,BW e:;

^,B <B,<W^DB e>W<>>FB M DW >aB^Da^aW ^a?< >a<;

^,B><B ,W<<B b<B W,^a>W,WW) B?eeW< >,W><^^e<

W,^a>W,,BM DIa??<W,,B <B,<W^DDB b?<^^<<B 7Z

?>< = 7 W,^aW^M ^>DWW <B,<W^DW^ > e^,^ B B<A<^eW^ W *F>W,^M

a^><AaW<B,<W^DB b?<B^B W<W ?^e< >D?A, b<:,^^M

<:, G( a^><Aa>W,,B b?<^^<<B Aa>B B, W *F>W,^) =D<WW ,W<<B^ee ,T< ^<ba^aWAaD*D<WW WB >aB^Da^aW ^< >aB^Da^^bM *F>W,^ :,^;

^<<B <B?,d; = *<?,d; ^<,^D>BBD<W^M

<:, `( D^^ <B,<W^D D?<W< A:*D??<W<AAB

>^^b) >aB^Da^aW > W<^,^^ ?=,BB,^^<<B >DW>,;

AB AeFW ,T<^e<WDI,^aW^M <B,<W^DB >^^baa^^

^T>W^,?^<<B W,B Aa>B) >a<B> ?>< >aB^Da^a>;

W,B W<>We:^,<W^eFW^ J7CZ\`gg_K A T<^^,?,,

>aB^Da^a>W,B ??? ^D<A<b^ W,>^DT<^M W<>We:;

^,<W^eF?<B Aa>B B <^ W,>^DT,<^ Db^ WDW<?<;

:aD??DB) ^,Tb,e*,B:aD??DB) DI,^a>W,B = ^eFbD<;

AB :??<B^D W,> BWB,? >,?<^DWM I,^aW D?<

<BD :??<BBDB?a,) =DB> e:^,e*,WW >aB^Da;

^a>W,B > W<^^,,B B<A<<B ,< D?<W< ^a??a^ =aaT< A<^ B) ,??,< Aa>B D?<W< D^,^^a AeFW ,T<^e<WDI,^aW^M

<:, _( a>B D^,^a<W^ W *F>W<W^ ?DIa?;

?<W,,B <B,<W^DDB b?<^^<<B B,) =D<WW A<B<^B

>aB^Da^aW,^aa^,,B D<>,a^^b I,TaW^,M

B D?,AWW >aB^Da^aW^) =D> = ^ A B <;

B,<W^DB a?>DIaD?,??,M W<A,T><>W< WDW<?<:aD?^D;

?><<B JZGg\GC.`K W<W ?^eb ^ WaA<W; = >D^<I?b,;

?a^ bD<b^ ^T>D<^^ AeFW >aB^Da^aW^) b<>>

B<<WW ,< >aB^Da^aW^ WBB A<B<^>BM

*F>W<,B B?eWD<A<W,,B > e^,^^<<B W<W ??FBB;

?eeW<) =DWW ^,>W^< Te:A<^,?^<<B <B,<W^D? :^F<W,W;

^< JaDA< = T= Tb< `gg`) W<,: = :BBDB

`gg5KM B?eeW< ,^,B< W,aTbW^<(

B?eeW<e>W<>>F<B D?<b^ W *FW^,>W^,<WW ,W<<B^eb ^ ,T<I<^a<W,^ ?aWaA^) =D^> W<W ?^ b ^ WBB >aB^Da^aW) >aB^Da^^b ^< ,T<^e<WDI,^aWM aWaA^ bD<b^ AeFW b<<^^ B <:<B WBD<:<B)

=D^> DB A T<^,?^e W *F>W,WW <,AA<BM W^

WeeW^ WB^ ,<b ^ <B ,W<<BBe WAWW I<>WW

>a<B B<<*,B ,^aa>W< >DW>,b^ A T<^,?A ^M W<;

A,T><>W< aBB??<W,WW ,? >,?<WW J57C\`gg_K

>aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<<B ?<<^^eb< A T<^^,?e= ?Fe^ee

,? >>,,B e:^,e*,W^ JW<A,T>>< GKM ^>DWW ,W<<B;

^eb<WW ?e:e<WW ?<Ba>W<WW ,< ^ W^ WeeW^ b ?^^ ; A ^^ ,W<<BBe WB >aB^Da^aW) >aB^Da^^b ^<

,T<^e<WDI,^aWM W<A,T>>< G

RaB^Da^a>W,,B ?<<^^eb<,B ,^aa>W<,B DW?^ DB WDb,?^ab<B DW<B bD<AWW) A<^ ^ WW ?<WW W *,^ B ,? >>,,W^ = ,? >>,,B W=W^MR J57C\`gg_) Gg XK

T^<>>,?<WW ^T>W^,??B D<>,a^^ >aB^Da^aW;

,^aa>W<<B) =D^,B ?a>W< W,?b<^,^^<<B) A<^ >aB^Da;

^aW,^aa*,^ ^ WW e:^,e*,WW ^T>D<^^b^M ^aa>;

W<,B >ab<?,A<W,>W< W *F>W<W^ ,^W<^^<<B) A<^

>BW?<W<??, >D:*<W^,^^a= >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<

?<BW * B^F W<W ?^ M D^^,?aB ID:=B > e^,^;

^<<B aDT<B J`gg7K WDW<?<W^,B ,^aa>W<,B =D^^,?a I?b,?a,^aa>W<<B = T:A T <W<<B WaDT<^a>W<<BM

?b,?a,^aa*,^ ^T>D<^^b^ I?b,?aB B^=B = W=B b ?<?? ^I:^ab :,B><?F>D:^<W^ baDTD;

b<>a^aW^M :A T <W,^ WaDT<^a>W,^ ^T>D<^^;

b^ ,W<A,T><>W< >aB^Da^aWT: J5[[\`gg5KM eFB^,><= B ,? >,?<WW J_C5\GC[GK A<B<^B B<<B I?b,?a,^aaW >a<B T:A T <W,^ WaDT<^a>W,^

JW<A,T>>< `KM W<A,T>>< `

R/AA^<??<W,B >aB^Da^a>W,B bD<*B

^eFB^,><= ??, ^,:* >aB^Da^aW^a^><Aa>W<) B;

^ ^eF:FB = AA^^<<B =D:^b >Da?a^aW^)

^eF:FB b?A,BBaW^) ,?<B>,<BD^a>, = W,?;

?<W^ ? ><BB ??<W^ >aB^Da^aW^) =D> ^a>,,

^ ^ AA^<??<W^ >aB^Da^aW^) W,> >DTb^

A<B<^aB >aB^Da^a>W,B <:,a^^A^ b ?^^ A ^;

^FA ^ = ^TI,,??<W,^ >aW^BBa>W,^MR J_C5\

GC[G)7 : XK

,aTb>W< W *F>W<W^ ,^W<^^<<B) A<??<W<?? I,TaW;

^,<?? D<>,aW >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<<B B<<WW A T<^^eeM ,TaW^,,^ ^T>D<^^b^ ^ WW >T<^,,T,= ) =D<*,B I<;

^ ^ e^^e >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<,B WA<W,>W<M ?,;

^a>W,B D?<) ,^^ ,T<;<> <W<?? DB ,T<?<W,^ D<>,a*,^

>aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<<B) =D^,B ,BW<B ^T>W^,?^<<B <>

D<>,a*,B I,TaW^,,BM > bD<*B B :* AeFW ,^aa>W<,B T=D<^^,,BM aa^ I,TaW^,,^ BDW^,^^<<B

^,>W^<W^ ,W<<B <B,<W^D? :^F<W,W^<M DIa>W< B<<^

^T>W^,?^<<B <> Te:A<^^ <BM

^aa>W<,B >ab<?,A<W,>W< W *FW^,B A T<^^,?,;

A ^ >aB^Da^aW,^aa*,^ =,^^<<B ?a>W< I?b,?a;

,^aa>W<<B = T:A T <W<<B ,^aa>W<<BM ?b,?a;

,^aa*,^ =>a^ab^ W *F>W<WW >a<^,B><B b<,?

>:^,,B DWB( GM >aB^Da^aW^D<A,BI<^,,^ W,>

Iab ?<B,I?b,?a^ `M >aB^Da^aWWaaBB<^,?A) ^<,^D

(4)

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= D:=aWM aB^Da^aW^D<A,BI<^,,^ W,> Iab ?<B,;

I?b,?a^ ^T>D<^^b^ >DB>T,,^^<W^ >aB^Da^aW^

^< W<<:,B e:*<W^,^^e= ^D<A,BI<^,<^ M aB^Da^aW;

WaaBB<^,?A) ^<,^D = D:=aW ^T>D<^^b^ ,^aa>W<)

=D<WW ,< ^D^,a^,^ >DB>T,,^^<W< >aB^Da^aW^D<A,B;

I<^,<^ bB W<>>??, ^,:* B >aB^Da^aWWaaB;

B<^,?A) BB,^B ^<,^D ^< D:=^B ^D<A,BI<^,<;

^ ^D^,a^^bB ?aDM ,aTb>W< >aB^Da^aW,^aa>;

W<<B D<>,a^^b< I,TaW^,<^ >ab<??B e>W< >,TT?;

?BM a?D>W,^ DB >DD^^a >ab<DDB GM

*F>W,^ =,^^<<B <> Te:A<<B W,B Aa>B) A<??<;

W< <> T=D= ^< A<^ <> Te:A< B<<WW A<B<^B D<>,a*,B I,TaW^,,>W<M > T=^ b<:^,?,b^ W *F>;

W<WW M e:A ^ Db^ AeFW DW<B I ??,>> <W< ) >DW;

> ?<WW BWB,? >,?<^D>W,B >aB^Da^aW,^aa>;

W<W^ = >aB^Da^aWT:,^aa>W<W^ J5[[\`gg5K A<;

B<^B ><>>< I,TaW^,<>W< AaD*DW^aB,,^ <> Te:;

A ^M <>><B <> ^D<A<< D<>,a>W<,B I,TaW^,,B

`` W *F>W,WW M

> I,TaW^,,B Aa><W< Te:A< AaD*DW^a< B,?;

= M >W< Te:A<W^ >DDW^aa W *F>W<W^ ) =D<WW <>

,< A T<^,?? D??,B>BM <<WW ,^aa*,^ DB WaaB;

B^^a ><>,B <> <W<??,M : B Te:A B >aa?aa WaaT<B DW W *F>W<W^ J`C >I?K) >a^,B WD^<?WbA;

A?>< J7g7\GC7.K) ?>< T<B^Ab,^,TB<,B >aB;

^Da^a>W,W^ JGG.7\GC..K W,> ?>< bAA<Waa*,B I,TaW^,,?? = T=,W^,^^ b<W^ I?b,?a<W^ = ^a><^D<;

A<W^ J_.g\GC.ZKM

BW<AA <B,B bTW<B<W<W^ <> Te:A<W^ Db^

??, G.;baD^<^ ?IW,^ = BaDT,^ J5 >I?KM ,<??, WaaBB^^a= >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W< DB ,W<A,T><>W<

I,TaWDI,^aW?<WW J[`.\GCC.K W,> ?W^,BWaD=,?a;

78#) +/

aB^Da^aW,^aa*,^) B<<:<B D<>,a^^b^ I,TaW^,,^ = T=D<^a>W,^M

7DUSHHQ PllULWWHOLMlW WDUSHHQ DUYLRLQQLVVD 3HUXVWHHW

MRLGHQ PXNDDQ RLNHXV NXQWRXWXVHWXXNVLLQ PllULWW\\

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0RQHQSHUXVWHHQ\KWlDLNDLVXXVMD DNWLYLWHHWWLYHOYRLWWHHWRLNHXNVLDUDMDDPDVVD

(5)

?<WW J[._\GC._KM D<B,B <> Te:A Db^ G.;[.;

baD^<^ ^eF<> <W,^ J`` >I?KM ,<??, WaaBB^^a=

>aB^Da^aW,^aa>W< DB ,W<A,T><>W< ^I^aTAb;

>aa^aW?<WW J[g.\GC7.K) ^eFB^,><= <B ,? >,?<WW J_C5\GC[GK W,> ?<WW =a?><W,W^ ^eFbD<AI?b,;

?aW^ JG`C5\`gg`KM D?AB^,,B <> Te:A B >aa;

?ab^ e?< [.;baD^<^ :,B><?F^M > ^D<A<< e:^,B ,^aa>W<,B I,TaW^,,B ^ : B W^<) =D^,B Te:A B ,<

^a??a^ e:^ B W *FW^ M W<A,T><>W< >aBB??<B,B ,? >,?>< J57C\`gg_K A T<^^,?,, >aB^Da^aW,^aa>;

W<,B e? <> T=>W< [. baD^^M

BW<B^ b<<^^ ^ WW e:^,e*,WW b>aa^aWID:=<;

W,,B >aB^Da^aW,^aa^,,BM <>,aW >aB^Da^aW,^aa;

^,,B A T<^^ee W,B I,TaW^,,??) ID:=a^aa>D W, b>aa^aWA>WaB A>WA<W,,B b< ,<M W<A,T><>;

W< ^I^aTAb>aa^aW?<B JW<A,T>>< _K = ^eFB;

^,><= <B ,? >,?<B JW<A,T>>< 7K Aa>B ^eFBB;

^=B ^a?,, D^^ b>aa^aWM W<A,T>>< _

RDTba>W,B WaDT<^^A<W^ bT^,B ^a?,, ^eFB;

B^=B) A<> ?< C) Gg ^< G` X(B W BBF>W<W^

,< Aaa^ =D:*a) D^^ b>aa^aW b>aa^aW?<;

^D>W,W^) =D?? DB D<>,aW ^ A B ?<B Aa><W;

^,B b>aa^aW^,B B^A<W,,BMR J[g.\GC7.) . XK

W<A,T>>< 7

R? >,^aTbB = T=,W^ A<W^ bT^,B DB ^eFBB;

^=?? D?^b ,? >,b>aa^aW ^eF,? >,b>aa^aW;

e:^<F<W^ BB,^aWW ?<WW J_57\GCCZK ^T>D<^,;

^aWW b>aa^aWe:^<FWW ^< b>aa^aW>WW?<B JGG[7\GCC`K Aa><W,WW/R J_C5\GC[G) _ XK

<TaWb>aa^aW?>< JG``7\`gg7K DB ^ WW e:^,e;

*,WW ID<>>,a>W,??<B,BM <TaWb>aa^aW?<B Aa;

>B >aB^Da^aW,^aa*,^ I,TaW^ab^ b>aa^a>W,,B)

=D> >a<^,B><B >^^ aDA,B Wa>>^M aDA,W;

W WaA<B,B T^><W^B ,T<??<W,B ?<B Aa>BM

>aa^aWA>WaaB I,TaW^abB ?aDB^,,BW baD>W<

W<TaWb>aa^aW?>< A T<^,?^<<B ^ WW BW<B^;

I,TaW^,<W,>W<M

eeI,TaW^, b<<^^ ^<?B^,,W,,B) =DWW :,B><?FB

>aB^Da^a>W,,B =D:^b ^<? DB WeB^eBe^M ??<B,B

^<?BB, bD< D?? ,W<A,T><>W< IaD?aW^aWbD<A<,B W,<*,B <:,a^^A bAA JD^<?WbAA?><

7g7\GC7.KM D^<?WbAA?>< DWD<^^ WeeI,TaW;

^,,>W< IaD?aW^aWbD<A<,B W,,^ J,W<A,T>>< 5KM W<A,T>>< 5

R A B ?<B Aa>B WaDT<^,^B B<<B <> B

>DTbaW^ aDA,B >BW?<W,B AaaWW >a<B G

ADA,B^<WW ^T>D<^,^aWW ^Ia>W,WW ^I;

^aTA<W,W^< WAW^ TaaA<<BbAAW^) =DW W, DB <:,a^aBa^ IaD?aW^aW?<^D>W,??, >aa?a;

b<W^ W,<W^) AAa>W<W^) A<<BD<W^) T = :;

*eW<B,<W^ ^< Aa<W^ ^<W^,?ab ?<B,<W^ ) =D^>

,<b ^ D<>,a*,^^DAW^< D?, D??,,^ AaaB >a<B IaD?aW^aW?<^D>W,B :??aWWMR J7g7\GC7.) G XK

D^<?WbAA?<B ?<W >W< WeeI,TaW^, A<B<^B ,W<A,T><>W< ^I^aTA; = ?<<>,BB,b>aa^a>W,B

>aB^Da^aW?,<WW J[`5\GCCG) [`[\GCCGKM , A ; T<^^,?,b ^ ^<?B^,<>W< ^eF^I^aTAB) AA^^<^a;

*<B ^< ?<<>,BB,b:<B8DBM

*F>W<WW ,W<<B^ee AeFW ^:^^DAaaWb,?bD<;

^,) A<> DB e>W< WeeI,TaW^,M <B Aa>B >aB;

^Da^a>W,,B D<>,a^^b ^<? ,< W D?? <^W, <:,a;

^,^^aM W<A,T><>W< b?^<DB ,? >,?>< J`.g\GC[[K A T<^^,?,, ^:^^DAaaWb,?bD<^^,,B AeFW >aB^Da;

^aW^a,B W=??, JW<A,T>>< [KM W<A,T>>< [

ReF>ebe^^FAeeW,? >,^^ ,< AeFBB,^ ^< W,B A T ?,BB,^B) =DW ,*aBW= DB <:,a^;

^Ba^ ^eF>ebe^^FAee^,BW ^:??BM ? >;

>,,B A T bD<*B ?,B^) =DW ^eF>ebe^^F;

AeeW DB <:,a^aBa^ ,*aBW=B ^FT>, W^

^aD^^Aa>W,W^ ^:< =DW : B DB WBa^ W<Ta;

*,B) b<B ^< bAAB T<>D??<W,?? ^,D??MR J`.g\GC[[) C XK

Tb,I,TaW^, D<>,a*,B A T<^^,?<= B b<<^^ ^ WW T^<>>,?<WW e>W<?FB DA<B<Waa>W<<B J,W<AM bA;

AK = : B,B ^<?BW Wa:^,,WW eAI T<W^FFB J,W<AM ^eF^^FAeeWKM >W<?FB DA<B<Waa*,^ = ^<?^

<:,a^^b^ b=>aB^D<Waa^^) ^eF; ^< ^D<A<B^;

>ebe^^FAee^^ WeBBe^^ ,B ^TI,,B >aB^Da^aW;

,^aa^,,BM

TI,,B Tb<D<B^<<B b<<^^B W *F>W<WW AeFW WaDTBM ??F<B A<B<^B ,W<A,T><>W<

R^TI,,??<W,^ ^D<A,BI<^,,^R ^< A T<^,?? B ^T;

I,,B Tb<D<BB<WW :aDA<D<^b< W<D<^M ?><A;

A <B,B ^a?,, ,W<<B AAM ?<WW ^I^aTAb>aa;

^aW?<B I,TaW^,,?? >DTb^^bW^ >aB^Da^a>W,W^

J[`5\GCCGK JW<A,T>>< ZKM W<A,T>>< Z

RaB^Da^aW^Tb,^^ Tb<D<^,WW D^,^B :aD;

A<DDB >aB^Da^a=B <> ) <><W,AI< ^D<A<B^)

>Da?a^aW) WaA<WD?DWa:^,,^) bAAW^ ^<

W<Ta*,W^ <:,a^ab^ T=D<^a>W,^ W,> : B,B A:*D??<Waa^,BW W<=D<^^a >aB^Da^a>W,B I ;

^e^^e ^eF:FB ^< AA^^<<B ^eFAT>><BD<??

e?,<W,W^< BDa*^,^a<B ,:*D<BMR J[`5\GCCG) 5 XK

(6)

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Tb,I,TaW^, B e^^ e^ee W *F>W<WW ,I A T <;

W,B ) Tb<D<^bB >D>DB<Waa^,BM ,TaW^, =;

>a^aa W *F>W<WW b<,? >:^,,B DWB( ? > T<B A T<^^ A B b=,,W,,B = e>W<?FB W,> e:^,<W;

>aBBB b ?<W,,B Wa:^,,W,,B ?<<^^eb B :<^^BM TI,,B Tb<D<BB<WW ,W<<B ^a?,, AeFW :eF^e B ;

>F>a?AM

WW T^<>>,?<WW b=, A T<^,?? B ? >,^<,^,,?;

?<W,>W<) e>W<?FWW ,W<<B^eb >W< DA<B<Waa*,>W<M TI,,B Tb<D<BB<B >^WD^^<<B ID:=a^abB b=,,B A T<^^,?eeB W<??D<B) >aB ^,>W^< DWD<^^ ^TI,,B

^aW^??, =DB><B ? >,^<,^,,??<W,B ^<?B ^< ^Tb, A T<^,?? B ? >,^<,^,,B W<B^aB^<=B ,?< e?,,BW

? > T<B ^D<A,W^M W<A,T><>W< ?>< bAA<Waa;

*,B I,TaW^,,?? = T=,W^,^^ b<W^ I?b,?a<W^ = ^a><;

^D<A<W^ J_.g\GC.ZK A T<^^,?,, ^TI,,B I,TaW^>;

W< bAAB ^< W<Ta*,B JW<A,T>>< .KM W<A,T>>< .

RAA<W,??, :,B><?F??, >DTb^B : B,B bAABW ^< W<Ta^,BW ,*,??e^^ A B ^T;

I,,B Aa><W,W^< >D>DBB ^< DW<^^<B >aW^B;

Ba>W,^) =D^> : B,??, <:,a^ab^/R J_.g\

GC.Z) C XK

<^^ A T<^,?? B ^ WW T^<>>,?<WW ,<;? >,^<,;

^,,??<W,>W< ^D<A<B^>ebeB T=??<Waa*,>W<) =D>

A T<^^ee e>W<?FB = eAI TF<b B e:^,<W>aBBB Wa:^,,BM *F>W<W^ :<^>W< BDaW,, ,W<A,T><>;

W< ^eF^^FAeeWM eW,,WW ,< D?, ^ ??F<B ? >,^<,^,,?;

?<B,B ^<?) bB eAI T<W^FB A T<^^,?,A e>W<?FB ,I BDTA?< D?D^<? = ^D<A<B^>ebe^^FAeeWM

TI,,B Tb<D<BB<B >^WD^^<<B ID:=a^abB :<^B A T<^^,?eeB W<??D<B) >aB ,^aa*,B WA<;

B,B ,< ,*,??e^ ? >,^<,^,,??<W,B b=,,B A T<^^,;

?e M W<A,T><>W< ?>< =a?><W,W^ ^eFbD<AI?b,?aW;

^ JG`C5\`gg`K W<W ?^ ^ ??<W,B ^D<A<B^>ebeB T=??<Waa*,B Tb<D<BB<B JW<A,T>>< CKM

W<A,T>>< C

ReF^^FA ?? ^eFB:><=?? ^T>D<^,^B ^ WW

?<WW GZ baD^^ ^ e^^ Be^^ ^eFB:><=) =D>

DB ^eF>e>e<B,B) ^eFAT>><BD<*,B > e^,^^ ; b<WW = ^eF^FB/R JG`C5\`gg`) G ?a>a . XK

R/^eF^^FA ??, ^eFB:><=??, ^aTb^B A:*D??<WaaW ^eF??<W^eA<W^ ,*<W^ b B >aB;

^Da^a>W,,B ^< >Da?a^a>W,,B) =DW : B,B D<>,a;

^,BW ^eF^^FAeeWI <b T:B I ^^ee ,B<A;

A <W=B =D:*DW^ : B,B ^ e^,^^e B/R JG`C5\`gg`) Z ?a>a Z XK

<^^ =>a^a< W *F>W<WW W,B Aa>B) A<??<;

W,,B :<^^B ^TI,,B ^a?,, W *FW^,B Aa>B

I,TaW^a) :<^^B ^eFWW ) T=,B ^D<A<BBWW b<

DI<W>,?aWW = >Da?aWWM <^^ DB A T<^,?^e ^eF;

,? A ^bD<^^,<W,W^< ,W<A,T><>W< ?<WW =a?><W,W^

^eFbD<AI?b,?aW^ JG`C5\`gg`K JW<A,T>>< GgKM ,B Aa>B ^bD<^^,,B DB W* ^eF<> <W,^ ^;

><W<B ^eF,? A BM DW<?<:aD?^D?<WW JZGg\

GC.`K :<^^ DB A T<^,?^e Wa:^,,WW T>,,B JW<;

A,T>>< GGKM ,TaWDI,^aW?>< J[`.\GCC.K A<B<^W,,

^TI,,B ^aW^??, DII<A<W; ^< WDI,a^aA<Wb<>,a;

*,^ b<<^^,B :<^^B >Da?aWW JW<A,T>>< G`KM W<A,T>>< Gg

Ra?><W,B ^eFbD<AI?b,?aB ^T>D<^a>W,B DB a^^ ^eFB:><= WAB :?aABW) : B,??, WDb,?^ab ^eF^ = >Da?a^aW^ W,>

^eFBB^= :B>><AB ^Tb<^W,ABW ^eF;

bD<AMR JG`C5\`gg`) _ XK W<A,T>>< GG

R<^DW:aD?^D BB,^B :,B><?F??,) =D> ^T;

b<^W,, Ia) :D<^D ^< Aaa^ :aD?,BI<^D)

=D^ ,< bD<* ^< ,< D?, ^T>D<^a>W,BAa><W^

= T=,W^ : B,B DAWW >D*<WWB Aa<^ WD;

W<?<I?b,?a<^ :eb >W< > e^^ ,BMR JZGg\GC.`)

`7 XK W<A,T>>< G`

RII<???) =D?? DB ?<,b< DII<A<W; ^< WD;

I,a^aA<Wb<>,a>W<) DB D<>,aW W* ,T<^e<W;

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???, ,< bAA<Waa*,B) W<Ta*,B) >,:<^e>;

W,WW b<<b W^eA<W,B ^< ^aBB,;,? A B : <T<FB

^<>> AaaB B<<:<B b,TT^^bB WeeB baD>W<

bD<* B^ DI,^aW^ Aaa^,B) ^a?,, DII<?W D^^ ^< W<<T^ ,T<^e<WDI,^a>W,,BMR J[`.\

GCC.) GZ XK

TI,,B Tb<D<B^<<B W *F>W,^ ^aDb^ Aa>B AeFW :eF*eB B >F>a?ABM eF^e >abb^ ?a;

WaA^) =D<WW Ia:a^B >aB^Da^a>W,B ^a?D>W,??<;

Waa*,W^ ^< I A T W^ ) ^ T>,<AI B ^eF,? ; A M

*F>W<WW :eF^e W ,T<?<W< A,T><^eWW<W ?;

^F= M eF^e B :* B >aB^Da^a>W,B ^< >aB^Da^a;

A<W,B ,*<W^eA<W,B ) ^D<A<B^; = ^eF>ebeB ,*<W^e;

A<W,B ) ^eF,? A B I?A<W,B = ,? >>,,B

?e>> A<W,B M W<A,T><>W< b?^<DB ,? >,?<WW J`.g\GC[[K :eF^e B :* B ^eF,? A B I?A<;

W,B = ,? >>,,B ?e>> A<W,B JW<A,T>>< G_KM AWW ?<WW) >a^,B AeFW ADB<WW Aa<WW ,? ;

>,?,<WW) DB A<B<^^a ^eF>ebe^^FAee*,B a:>

D<>,a*,B I,TaW^,,BM W<A,T>>< G_

R*aBW=?? DB D<>,aW W* ^eF>ebe^^F;

Aee*,B ,W^ A<W,>W< ^< ^eF; = BW<D>ebeB

(7)

ITB^A<W,>W< ^T>D<^a>W,BAa><W^ AA;

^<??<W^ >aB^Da^aW^) =DW( W<BAa><W,W^< ^D;

*,^^a W<TaW) b<> ^< bAA ^D*,BB >F<W,W^<

<:,a^^ a:>B) ,^^ : B ^a?,, ^eF>ebe^^F;

A >W< C X(B G ADA,B^<WW ^T>D<^,^a?? ^b?;

?/ ^eF>ebe^^FAee*,B a:>?? ^T>D<^,^B

^<?BB,^^) =DWW DB ^D*,BB >F<W^ ) ,^^ ,*aB;

W=??, ? :<baDW<B) b<>> :D<*DB = ? ><B;

B ??<W,B >aB^Da^a>W,B ^D^,a^a>W,B A:*D??<;

Waa*,^ D^,^B :aDA<DDB) <?AB AA^<??<W<

>aB^Da^aW^D<A< ^a?<W< AeFBB,^^ b >W< ^eF>e;

be^^FAeeW,? >, ^ e^,B ^< DW,? >>,,B M aB^Da^a>W,B ^T>D<^a>W,BAa><Waa^^ Tb<;

D<^,WW D^,^B :aDA<DDB/ =D:^>D :,^^a AA^<??<B,B >aB^Da^aW ^D*,BB >F<W,W^<

,*aBW=B ^,Tb,e*,B^<???, WDI<bWW ^eFWW

=^>A<W,,B ^< ^eF:FB I?A<W,,BM <W >W<

^T>D<^a>W,BAa><Waa^^ Tb<D<^,WW D^,^B :aDA<DDB) ?e>> >F AA^<??<B,B >aB^Da^aW ,*aBW=B ,? >>,,??, = A<W^ MRJ`.g\GC[[) G. $ XK

eF^e W W *F>W<WW AeFW ^a?D>W,??<Waa*,B A,T><^e>W,B) >a^,B W,^a>W,WW WD^<?WbAA?<B ,T <*,B W BBFW^,B WDb,?^A<W,W^ JGGGZ\GC.5K JW<A,T>>< G7KM a?D>W,??<WaaW bD< b<<^^ aW,A;

IB ,*,?? A<B<^^aaB A,T><^eWW<W ?^F=,B Te:;

A BM

W<A,T>>< G7

R?<^DW>aB^Da^a>W,B = ?<^DW:aD??DB W,>

DW;<><W,B ?<^DW:aD??DB >DTbA<B,B AaaB >a<B >aBBB ^< >aB^<B?<<^DB = T=,W^ ; A B :aD??DB DW?^ bD<*B ?DI,^^( GK =DW b:<B8D<^^aBa^ ^< W<TW^aBa^ = ^^ BDa*^;

^A^^ ?<^D>W,B =D:^=B ^< ? > T<B B^;

A< >aB^Da^^A<W^) DW;<><W^ ?<^DW:aD?;

^D ^< ?<^DW:aD?^D >DW>,b< A T e>W< Y ^<

`K =DW :b<^B) ,^^,< >aB^Da^^A<W^ bD<*

W<BDA<W,??, ^a?D>W,??<W,W^< B^MR JGGGZ\

GC.5) ZXK

<>,aW >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<<B bD< A T<^^e b<B e:*,?? ><B I,TaW^,,??M <>D<B >aB^Da^aW,^aa*,B WA<B,B ,*,??e^^ >a<^,B><B >:*,B) =DI ><>;

><,B >D?A,B I,TaW^,,B ^ e^^eA<W^ WAB<><;

W,W^<M

IW<??, WaaBB^a<WW >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<WW D<>,a*,B I,TaW^,,B DB e>W<B ^Tb,M eF<> <W<??, WaaBB^a<WW ,^aa>W<WW e:^ <><W,W^< bD<*B ,*,??e^^ >:*,B ^< >D?A,B I,TaW^,,B ^ e^^eA<W;

^ M W<A,T><>W< ^eFB^,><= <B ,? >,?>< J_C5\GC[GK ,*,??e^^ ,^aa*,B WA<W,>W< B<<B b>aa^a>W,B) WeeB >a<B ^TI,,B><BM <>,B <> <W<??, WaaBB^a<W;

W ,^aa>W<WW ,*,??e^,^ B =D>D e:*,B ^< >:*,B I,TaW^,,B ^ e^^eA<W^ M W<A,T><>W< WD^<?WbAA;

?>< J7g7\GC7.K ,*,??e^^ ,^aa*,B WA<W,>W<

Wee; = ^Tb,I,TaW^,,B ^ e^^eA<W,BM

TI,,B Tb<D<BB<WW DB <> Te:A<^^ <W< ,TD=

W,B Wa:^,,B) A<??<W,,B :<^^B ^TI,,B ^a?,, I,;

TaW^aM IW<??, WaaBB^a<WW >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<W;

W :<^^ ?<<^^ee T=,B ^D<A<B^B = >Da?aaBM eF;

<> <W<??, WaaBB^a<WW >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<WW :<^^

?<<^^ee ^eF,? A BM

<>,B <> <W<??, WaaBB^a<WW ,^aa>W<WW :<^;

^ A T<^,?? B Wa:^,,WW ^eF,? A B) T=,B ^D<;

A<B^B W,> DI<W>,?aaBM T=,B ^D<A<BB?? b<<;

^^B >D^DB W,?b<e^eA<W,,B) Aa^^ AeFW ?;

=,AIB W,?b<e^eA<W,,B = ^D<A<A<W,,BM

TI,,B Tb<D<B^<<B ?<<^^eb :eF*eB B >F>a?;

A b<:^,?,, AeFW <> Te:A<^^ <BM eF^e ,< A<;

B<^ ^TI,,B I,TaW^,,B ?IW<??, WaaBB^a<WW ,^aa>W<WWM

*F>W<WW A<B<^B ,T<?<W< >^<b<^,,^^<b,?;

bD<^^,<^) =D<^ bD< ,W<<B^e WAB ,^aa^,,B ?<<^;

^e,B aW,<^M ^aa>W<,B :><=^ = W=^ b,?bD<^,;

^B >^<<b<Waa^,,B >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<,B WA<W,>;

W<M aWaA^ >abb^ >^<b<^,,^^<b,?bD<^^,<^ W<?;

?D<B) >aB ,^aa>W<,B WA<W,>W< b*<^B >BW;

?<W,?^ =D^<B >^<<b<W^ ^D<A<B^M ,?bD??<Waa*,^

Db^ =D>D DW??<W^aA<W; ^< <?AD<^aWb,?bD??<Waa>;

W<M >^<b<^,,^^<b,?bD<^^,<^ A<B<^B ><><WW

>D?A,WW <> I,TaW^,,B Aa>B AaD*DW^aB,,WW Te:A WW M

W??<W^aA<Wb,?bD??<WaaW W<W ?^ b,?bD??<Waa;

*,B DW??<W^a Tb<D<B^<<B) >aB^Da^aW^a^><Aa>W<<B)

>aB^Da^a>W,,B ^D<A<B^B ^< >aB^Da^a>W,,B =;

^aW^WD?? ,?< >aB^Da^aWAeFB^,<Wee*,BM W<A,T;

><>W< WD^<?WbAA?>< J7g7\GC7.K b,?bD<^^

DW??<W^aAB >aB^Da^aW^a^><Aa>W<<B = >aB^Da;

^a>W,,B ^D<A<B^BM AWW ?<WW A<B<^B AeFW <?AD<^aWb,?bD??<WaaW = >aB^Da^aWAeFB^,<;

WeeW JW<A,T>>< G5KM W??<W^aA<Wb,?bD??<WaaW bD<

A T<^^e W<^ >a^^) ,^^ :,B><?FB ,^aaW >^><W;

^B) =DW : B DB <?AB I ^,b Wee^ ><,?^ e^eBe^

>aB^Da^a>W,W^M W<A,T>>< G5

RDW bAA ^< W<TaW DB I:,B^aBa^ ^< I;

TB,A<B,B b<<b W^eBe^ W,B =D:*DW^) ,^^,< b;

:<B8D<^^aBa^ ^< W<TW^aBa^ D?, ?<W^aBa^ ? ;

> T<B A T A B :D<^DDB ^< =DW : B AaaW;

^ WeeW^ >a<B bT??<W^ :D<^D^D<A,BI<*,^^

b ?^^ >W,,B ><,?^ e^ee ?<W^aAW^ ? > T<B A T A B :D<^DDB) =D> ^T>D<^^ : B,B

^eF>e>eBW ITB^A<W^) bD<*B : B,?^

I<* ^^ >DTbaW =D>D >D>DBB ^< DW>W<MR J7g7\GC7.) G` XK

?AD<^aWb,?bD??<WaaW W<W ?^ b,?bD??<Waa*,B <?;

AD<^^ ^<,^D= :><,WW >aB^Da^aW,^aa^^) <?AD<^;

(8)

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^ Aaa^D>W<W^) TIDT^D<* ^I:^aB,,W^ ^<

>aB^Da^a>W,B I,TaaB^aA<W,W^M W<A,T><>W< b?;

^<DB ,? >,?<WW A<B<^B <?AD<^aWb,?bD??<WaaW Aaa^D>W<W^ JW<A,T>>< G[KM

W<A,T>>< G[

ReF>ebe^^FAeeW,? >>,,B W= DB b,?bD??<;

B,B <?AD<^^AB ?^<D>DB^^DT<??, ^eF>e>eB;

W I?a^aA<W,W^) Te:^eA<W,W^ BW<D^eF:FB

= >aB^Da^a>W,B >,W>,e^eA<W,W^ R J`.g\GC[[)

`[ XK

aB^Da^aW^ >DW>,b< ?>,= = W,^a>W< DB I?;

=DBM ,B ?<W >W< >BW?<W^,B D<>,a>W< >aB^Da^aW;

,^aa>W<<B A T<^^,?,b< I,TaW^,<^ DB aW,<^ = B, Db^ ADB<^WD<W< Jab<D GKM aB ^ : B e:^ ?FFB

?<W ^ B ,T<?<W,^ b,?bD<^^,,^) ^a?D>W,B DB ,I W,?;

b = >,B^<,W AeFW b<>,W^< e:^,,B WDb<^,^^b

>D>DB<WaaWM

aB^Da^aW= T=,W^,?A B b<>,W,?>D<Waa^^ >a;

b AeFW W,) ,^^ e>W<B W *FW^,B ba?? ,< I W,

>Db<B>B I<^> ??, ^T>W^,?^,WW D<>,a^^ >aB;

^Da^aW,^aa>W<<BM TW<B><B ^Tb, >aB^Da^aW,^aa;

^,,B A T<^,?? B =DWW<B Aaa?? >a<B ?<BW ;

* BBFWW M aB^Da^aW= T=,W^,?A B ^ ?? ^WD??

?a,^,??B ^TI,,B Tb<D<BB<WW :aDA<D<^b< W<D<;

^) Aa^^ W,) A<^,B B<<^ I<BD^,^B = Wa:^,a^,;

^B ^D<W<<BW = AA^<??<W,B = :??<BBD??<W,B :T><BBB bTBM

<BW * B^F A T<^^,?,, D<>,a*,B >aB^Da;

^aW,^aa>W<<B ADB<??) e:^ <><W<?? I,TaW^,<??M

<W >W< ,^aa>W<,B WA<W,B ^aW^?? DB ,T<?<W<

>^<<b<WaaWb,?bD<^^,<^M aB^Da^a>W,B >D:*,Te:;

A B ><T=baaW b^<<><B ADB,B?<W^,B I,TaW^,<*,B

? WB D?DB ?<BW * BBFWW M ^<AaW I,TaW^,<*,B e:^ <><Waa*,W^ W,> ,T<?<W^,B b,?bD<^^,<*,B

^ e^^eA<W,W^ ^,>,, ,^aa>W<,B :>,A<W,W^ = B<<;

*,B WA<W,W^ >a<^,B><B ADB<Aa^><W,B ITDW,W;

W<BM <B DB ^<?BB, ,T<^e<W,W^< W *F>W<WW ) =D<WW e>W< >aB^Da^aW,^aa^,,B D<>,a^^b<W^ I,TaW^,<W^

DB ^eF<> <WeeWM

a?D>W,^ DWD<^^b^) ,^^ ?<BW * BBFB A ; T<^^,?,A B e:*,Bb,T^<Waa*,B ^T>W^,?aB W<=W^

D?,BB<W,AI DB >eWe ) A<^ e:*,Bb,T^<Waa*,B

^D^,a^^A<B,B ,*,??e^^ ?<BW * BBFB I,TaW^,,?;

?M W^ B >F>a?AW^ e:*,Bb,T^<WaaW bD< A ; T<^^e ADB,WW I<>WWM :*,Bb,T^<Waa*,B ^D;

^,a^aA<B,B bD< D?? ><<BB< ,W<A,T><>W< >aB^Da^a>;

W,B = T=,W^ = B ^< T:D<^^=B ,T<??<W<W^ D:=,<W^M D<W?^ W,B ^D^,a^aA<B,B bD< D?? ><<BB< AeFW

^TI,,B Tb<D<=B >ebeW^ Tb<D<* D<>,<B ,^aa*,B :><=B ^Tb, Wa:^,,WW e:^,<W>aBBB A T<^^,?,;

A B :<^^BM D<W<>D e:*,Bb,T^<WaaW W<<W ^D;

^,a^a ,W<A,T><>W< ^I^aTAb>aa^aW?<B I,TaW;

^,,?? >DTb^^bB >aB^Da^a>W,B = I <:*,>aB;

^Da^a>W,B b ?<?? P I^aTAb>aa^aW?<B I,TaW;

^,,?? >DTb^^b >aB^Da^aW^ bD< W* ^eFWW

> eb :,B><?F) =DB> b>aa^aW DB A>W,^^aM ; A B ?<W >W< : B,??, DB D?^b :eF^e >aB^Da^a>;

W,W^ Wa:^,,WW ^eF,? A B I?aaW,,B W,> ,^aa;

^,,B D<>,a^^b ? > T<B Tb<D<A b=,M aB^Da;

^a>W,B >DTbaW^D<A<B^ ^D^,a^,^B ^T>,AI<,B D:=,<*,B Aa>B J>aa^aW>aB^Da^aW TMeM

`gg[KM <^ bW^D<B I <:*,>aB^Da^aW^ bT^,B ^,:;

* B I <:*,:aD?^DW,^a>W,B Aa><B,B >aB^Da;

^aWWaaBB<^,?A) =DWW >aB^Da^a>W,B ^Tb, A T<;

^,?? BM ??F<B D?,BB<W<B^ DB WaaBB<^,?AB

?*<B^B DW??<W^ab<,B Tb<D<A ^Tb, Wa:^,,WW :<^^B ,?< I <:*,DB8,?AB/ TD= bD< AaD*DW;

^a bTW<B><B ^TI,,B Tb<D<BB<B >a^^M ,B Wa:;

^,,B ? >,^<,^,,??<W,B b=,,B A T<^^,?e DB W,?;

>, AI >a<B :<^B A T<^^,?eM

aDW<>eAA,B< ^TI,,B Tb<D<BB<B ^aW^??

D??,,^ b<>) bAA = W<TaW Db^ B?eWD<*aWW

?<BW * BBFWW WB,,^ T<BB??,,B AeFW :<^B

= :eF*eB Tb<D<BB<BM TW<B><B :eF^eB >F>a?A W^^ D?? DB8,?A??<B,B = =DI Ia*D^^ <:;

A<WTe:A< >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<,B a?>DIaD?,??,M

<BW * B^F B^ A:*D??<Waa*,B A T<^,??

>aB^Da^aW ^TI,,??<W,>W< = ^T>D<^a>W,BAa><W,>;

W<) =DW >aB^Da^aW DB :eF*e??<W^ = :,B><?F?? DB W<^,B :eb ^D*,BB >F<WeeW I?^ ^eF,? A B ^<

>aB^Da^aW A:*D??<W,W^< ?e>> <W< ,? >>,,??, = ; A<W^ M *F>W<W^ BDaW,, ,W<<B =^aW) ,^^ <:A<;

W,B ^a?,, > e* BW<D^eFWW D??>W,,B >D>DB<W;

b?^<B,B e:^,<W>aBBB = W,BM a<^,B><B ,W<A,T;

><>W< :,B><?FB <^W,BW >D>,A :eF^e) : B,B ? ; :,<W^,BW >D>,A :eF^e) ^eFBB^=B >D>,A :eF^e ^< ^D<A,,B^a?D^aTbB A>W=B WA :eF^e bD<b^ ><>>< A T<^^e ,T< ^bD<B = >,W>,;

B B T<W^<T<<^<W,W^<M

<B,<W^D? :^F<W,W^< ?aD><^,?^aB I *e^ B ,:> =D bB:B b=, = :<^^ ;?aD><^^,?aB W,>

(B JDT?* ,?^: T8B<f^<DBK aa*,B ;

?aD><^^,?aB JB^,TB^<DB? ?WW<4'^<DB D3 aB';

^<DB<B8) <W$<?<^e B* ,?^:K b ?<AW^DDBM

;?aD><^aW DB ^eF>ebeB) ^D<A<B^T=D<^^,<*,B =

^,Tb,e*,B >BW<Bb ?<B,B ?aD><^aW J `gg`)

^>,W `gg7KM , ?<<^^ee ^D<A<B^; = ^eF>ebe^^F;

Aee*,B IT*<8AAaa^D>W,,B ? >,^<,^,,??<W,W^

>D:^< $<DIWe>DWDW<?<W^ A??<M ;?aD><^^,?aW;

W eAI T<W^F ^T>D<^^ >DB^,>W^a?<W< ^,><=F<^ )

=D^> b<>a^^b^ e>W<?FB ^,Tb,e^,,BM aDA?<;

W,WW >aB^Da^aW^ >DW>,bWW ?<BW * BBFWW :<^^ ?<<^^ee >a<^,B><B e>W<?FB = eAI TF<b B e:;

^,<W>aBBB b ?<W,,B Wa:^,,W,,BM W<A,T><>W< I<^;

(9)

> <><W^eF^^FAeeW DB >aB^Da^aW,^aa^,,B D<>,a^;

^b :<^^) Aa^^ :<^B A T<^^,?,, eAI T<W^FM

<>> ;?aD><^^,?aB D*D^,^B B >eb B e:

,B,AA B AeFW ,W<A,T><>W< ,T< A<*,B ?<BW ;

* BBFWW ) aDA,B >aB^Da^aW^ >DW>,bWW ?<B;

W * BBFWW W, ,< D?, b<,? W,?>, W^< B >eb<WW M

aB^Da^a>W,,B Be>e B ?<<^^eb b<>a^^baaW>,W;

>aW^,?a bD<*B B :* ?<BW * BBFWW ,W<<B ^a?;

?,,WW :eF*eB B >F>a?AWWM eF^e ?<<^^ee >aB;

^Da^a>W,B b<>a^^baa^,,B bTW<B><B) =DW b<>a^;

^b DB >aW^BBa>W< b :,B^ b ^D<A<B^M aT<;

*<W,W^< ? :^F>D:^<B,B D?,^aW DB bD<Ba^ D?? e>W<;

?FB :eF^e) A<> >aB^Da^aW^ >DW>,bWW ?<BW ;

* BBFWW b<>a^^ >a<^,B><B :<,AB :DT=ab?^M eF^e bD<*B ?<BW * BBFWW B :* AeFW e:;

^,<W>aBBB ^< b>aa^aW?<^D>W,B :eF^eB M eF^e bD< D?? AeFW =^^,?a^IM A ^T;

>D<^^ W<^ ) ,^^ >aB^Da^a>W,WW DB <B A:*D?;

?<W^ B :* =DB><B^WD<B,B :eF^e) b<>> W<^ ,<

B,,B WBD^^<W<>BM TW<B><B ?W^,B = bB;

:aW^,B >D:*?? bD<*B Ia:a :eF*eW^ =^^,;

?a^IBM W^,B >D:*?? =^aW W<<^ ) ,^^ :,<??

DB I<^> ,? A ,*,WW B) BDW^ =^^,?aB >,W;

><FFB AeFW >aB^Da^a>W,B :eF*eB A>W<AD<BB<BM eFW bB:aaWID?<^<<>WW DB D??a^ ^bD<^^,,B bB:aW^,B W,?b<e^eA<B,B >D^DB A:*D??<W<AAB I<^> B = W<^,B AeFW ?<^DW:D<*DB b ?^^ A<B,BM <*,B ^bD<^^,<*,B Wba^^A<B,B b^<< AeFW

>aB^Da^^b< ^D<A,BI<^,<^ M B><B e?? ^^ b ) ,^;

^,< ?<BW * BBFWW B e bTW<B>B bB:aW^,B Wa:^,,B ,T<??<W< W *F>W< >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<,B

^aTbA<W,W^M =^^,?a^IB :eF^e B e^^ <W<

>a<^,B><B D?,bB D?,AWWM

aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<,B A T e^eA<W,B ADB<;

Aa^><B,B ITDW,WW< ?<BW * BBFB ^WD?? :,<=W;

^aa AeFW >aB^Da^a>W,B I?b,?a= T=,W^,?A BM

<BW * BBFB b ?=eeW ^Tb,^^ Tb<D<^,WW ,*,?;

?e^^ I?b,?a= T=,W^,?A B ^WD?? ,B,AA B :?;

?<BBD??<W^ = AA^<??<W^ :T><B^M e^ BBFWW B<<?? DB W<<W b?^) =D^> ^a?><^W,b^ A<^ DB ^Tb,M ??<W^ b?^ DAb< ?Fe^ee >aB^Da^a>W,B

?a,,?^ I?=DB) >DW> W<B^aB^<=D<^ W,> Aa<^

^D<A<=D<^ >aB^Da^a>W,B I?b,?a= T=,W^,?A B ,T<

W,>^DT,<?? DB aW,<^M <BW * B^F B^ e?,<W,^

?<B=a>W,^) =D<^ :??<BBDB = AA^^<?<W^,B ^WD?;

? ^D^,a^,^BM DW ?<BW * B^F >aB^Da^aW= T=,W;

^,?A B DWB DB b<>,W,?>D<B,B = :=B<B,B) A<??<W,^ b<>a^a>W,^ W<?? DB >aB^Da^aWI?b,?a=,B

^D^,a^aA<W,,B > e^ BBFB ^WD??P

aB^Da^aW= T=,W^,?A WW D?,b<,B >BW?<W^,B W,A DB ,T<?<B,B b,TT^^aB ADB<<B WDW<?<; =

^,Tb,eWI?b,?a= T=,W^,?A WW D?,b<<BM BW?<W^,B W,A B <WW = T=,W^,?A<WW bD<*B >ab^ ,W<;

A,T><>W< >D?A,B ^WDB >a^^( ,Tb,eWI?b,?a= T;

=,W^,?A WW ,BW<W<=<W^ DB ><>><) A<> bD<*B

^a?><^ ><<T,,??<W,>W<) >aa^<>W< = WDA^^<W,>W<M ^ W,A b:b<W^ ,B^<W,W^ B b<<A, baDW<B bD<AB W^aBa^ :D<^D^>aaM ,aTb??, ^WD??, W<=D<^^ab^ >TDDB<W,^ W<Ta*,^ = ^<?^M ?,BB<W<B ,TD ,*,??<W,,B ^WDDB DB W,) ,^^,< B <WW D?, >eW,

><<T,,??<W^ ^D<A<B^ b^<bW^ ^<?W^M D?AB;

B,B ^WDB AaD*DW^b^ <B><B DW WDW<?<:aD?;

?DB I<<T<<B >aa?ab<W^ ^<?D<W^) >a^,B ^eF^^FAeeW

^< I <:*,DB8,?A^M <:<B ^<?D<:<B ?<<^^ee e?,,BW

=DB><B?<B,B W^<8AM aB^Da^aW= T=,W^,?A W^ ?Fe;

^ee I<<T^,<^ ><><W^ >D?A,W^ ^WDW^M , DB b:;

b,AI<,B = :,<>DAI<,B >D>DB<Waa>W<,B >,B^^ M W<A,T><>W< b>aa^aW= T=,W^,?A W<=D<^^aa aW,<B b:bD=,B >D>DB<Waa>W<,B >,B^^ B) =DWW ?><,B ,BW<W<=<Waa*,B ?<W >W< >aB^Da^a>W,B >DTbaW^D<;

A<B^ A T<^^,?,b ^ ,T<??<W,^ D:=,,^ J>aa^aW;

>aB^Da^aW TMeM `gg[KM

aB^Da^aW= T=,W^,?A B >D>DB<Waa*,B ^D<A<;

baa^^ DB eT<^,^^e ,*<W^ ?<BW * BBFB >a^^) Aa^^ W, DB DWD<^^a^aBa^ b<>,>W<M DW >D>DB<;

Waa^^ :?a^B ,*,??,,B ? :,W^e ?<BW * B^F aa*<W^A??) I<^ <W<>F =DB><B?<W^ >aB^Da^aW^;

>aa^ >,:<^^ >aa^^<:D<*DB = ?>,,B><BP D<B,B b<:^D,:^D = T=,W^,?A B >,:<^^ A<W,>W< bD<W< D??

T:D<^aWT>,B^,<*,B e:^,B <W^ A<B,BM ?? :,^;

>,?? B, ,TDb^ >aB^Da^a>W,B ,T< DW= T=,W^,?A<,B b ?<?? M W<A,T><>W< b>aa^aWA>WaI,TaW^,<W,^

,^aa*,^ Db^ DA W,?>, Te:A BW M a^^<W<>D

=a?><W^,B I?b,?a=,B IaD?,?? T:D<^a>W,B R>DTb;

A,T><B^ R >aB^Da^aW^ bT^,BP aB^Da^aW= T=,W;

^,?A B >,:<^^ A<W^ bD<W< ? :,W^e AeFW :??<B^D

>,:<^^ A ?? M DW WaaT,^ e>W<>F^ IeW^eb ^ IT,A;

IB e:^,<W^eF:FB BWB,? >,?<^D>W,B >BWW) b<:^D,:^DB bD<W< D?? >aB^; = I?b,?a:??<B^D;

aa*<W^aWM

A B B?eeW<B I,TaW^,,?? bD<*B ^D*,^) ,^^ ,T< ? :^F>D:*<W^ = I,T<^^,<W^ ?aD^a :=;

B<B,B ?<BW * B^F = ^^ ADB< A:*D??<Waa>;

W< W<??,) ,^^ I,TaW^aW?<B ,*,??e^^ A e:*,Bb,T;

^<WaaW ,< ^D^,a*a >aB^Da^aW,^aa>W<,B WA<W,WWM aB^Da^a>W,B ^D^,a^^A<W,B ^WD?? ^a?D>W,^ :,;

T ^^ b ^ >eWeAe>W,B W<<^ ) A<^,B DB8,?A??<W,B ADB<^a?><B^<W< W *F>W< WDb,??,^B > e^ B;

BFWW M W^,,B I ^F>W,B^,><=F<??, DB) A<^,B

?<BW * B^F ^a?<W< >,:<^^ ) =D^^ W, ^aTb<W< I;

T,AA<B >BW?<W^,B e:*,Bb,T^<Waa*,B >aB^Da;

^a>W,B ADB<?<Waa*,B = ADB<^bD<^^,<Waa*,B

>DAI?,>W<W,WW >,B^ WW M

(10)

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LIITTYVÄT TIEDOSTOT

Norjan aikuiskasvatuslain kaksi keskeisintä päämäärää ovat kansalaisten yhdenvertaisuus ja alueellinen tasa-arvo. Tutkimus

Toisaalta meillä on kuitenkin viime vuosina annettu kuntien harkintavaltaa rajoittavaa

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by Atte Nikkilä, MD, PhD, 2 Hannu Arvela, PhD, Juha Mehtonen, MS, Jani Raitanen, MS, Merja Heinäniemi, PhD, Olli Lohi, MD, PhD, Anssi Auvinen, MD, PhD.. Correspondence to:

by Tiffany L Stallings, PhD, 2 Alejandro Riefkohl Lisci, MD, Nathan L McCray, MPH, Daniel E Weiner, MD, James S Kaufman, MD, Ann Aschengrau, ScD, Yan Ma, PhD, Michael P LaValley,