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Luottamus koulussa : tutkimus yhdeksännen luokan oppilaiden luottamus- ja epäluottamuskertomuksista ja niiden merkityksestä oppilaiden kouluarjessa

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Academic year: 2022

Jaa "Luottamus koulussa : tutkimus yhdeksännen luokan oppilaiden luottamus- ja epäluottamuskertomuksista ja niiden merkityksestä oppilaiden kouluarjessa"

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2.2.1 Oppilaiden subjektiivinen hyvinvointi ja viihtyminen koulussa

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