160 • p-Anisic acid - Environmental properties of chemicals. Volume 1

Synonyms 4-Methoxybenzoic acid

Molecular weight 152.14

Specific gravity (water=1) 1.385 Water solubility, mg/I 400

Melting point,⁰⁰ 275—280

Log octanol/water coefficient, 1 .96 Iog Pow

Total degradation in soil

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m-Anisidine

562 orl-Agelaius phoeniceus

>1000 orl-Sturnus vuigaris 562 orl-Coturnix coturnix

(Sohafer et al. 1983) Degradation by Aerobacter:

ring disruption:

536-90-3

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Anisole

^100-66-3

Synonyms

Sumformula of the chemical Water solubility, mg/I Melting point, °C Boiling point, °C

Log octanol/water coefficient, Iog Pow

Log soil sorption coefficient, Iog Kom

Pheno methyl ether C7H80

100 (MIII 1992) -37 (MITI 1992) 155—156 (MITI 1992) 2.1 (Anon. 1986) 2.11 (Sangster 1989) 1.3 (Sabljic 1987)

at414⁰⁰ at 18 °C

100-09-4

Synonyms Molecular weight Specific gravity (water=1) Melting point, °C Boiling point, °C

Iog octanol/water coefficient, Iog Pow

Total degradahon in soil 11150 values to birds in oral exposure,mglkg

Effects on wastewater treatment

Decomposition period by a soil microflora: 2 days (Verschueren 1983).

3-Methoxyaniline

Decomposition period by a soil micro Dora:^>64 Uays (Verschueren 1983).

500 mg/I at 30^00:

parent: 80% in 120 hours mutant: 100% in 24 hours (Verschueren 1983).

Environment Guide 71 109

Anisol

Total degradation in water Biodegradation:

56% by BOD (on the upward trend) period: 14d

substance: 100 mg/I sludge: 30 mgIl (MITI 1992).

Ready biodegradability Confirmed to be biodegradable (Anon. 1987).

163

•

Anthracene

_120-12-7

Cl 4H1 0

Adsorption on smectite clay particles from simulated seawater at 25 C—exper imental conditions: 0.1 mg anthracene/I; 50 mg smectite/I-adsorption: 0.0009 mglmg 46% adsorbed (Meyers & Oas 1978).

After 3 hr incubation in natural seawater, 11% of 0.015 mg/l were taken up by suspended aggregates of dead phytoplankton cefls and bacteria (Verschueren 1983).

Biodegradation:

1.9% by B0D period: 14d substance: 100 mg/l sludge: 30 mg/I (MITI 1992)

Confirmed to be non-biodegradable (Anon. 1987).

Daphnia pulex:

Excretion of 14C^-after 16 ht incubation with 14C-anthracene and subsequent transfer to clean water resulted in a rapid release (1 hr) of about 30% of the total 14C, a more slow elimination of roughly 60% with a half-Iife ot 3.3 hr and a tightly bound residue ot 8%.

The observed rate ot metabolite excretion during the first 24 hr of excretion was only 6% of the total 14C oufflux tate (Herbes & Risi 1978).

1660—2820 8w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.015 mg/l 903—2710 8w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.0015 mg/I

(MIII 1992) 430 2 days, oysters/water 2500 8 days, oysters/water

(Lee et al. 1978) at 25 °C in distilled water at 25 °C in salt water (MIII 1992) (M 1992) (MIII 1992) (Chin et aI. 1986) (Chin et aI. 1986) (Mackay 1982) (Sangster 1989) Sumformula of the chemical

Use

Molecular weight Specific gravity (water=1) Vapour density (air=1) Water soIubiIity mg/I

Melting point, C BoiIrng point, °C

Log octanol/water coefficient, Iog Pow

Adsorption/desorption

Other bindings

Total degradation in water

Ready biodegradability Other information about metabolism

Bioconcentration factor, fishes

Bioconcentration factor, mollusca

Environment Guide 71

Anthra 760 Daphnia pulex (Herbes & Risi 1978)

Confirmed to be accumulated on a medium level (Anon. 1987).

Carcinogenicity: negative (Verschueren 1983).

Mutagenicity in the Salmonella test: negative;

<0.01 revertant colonies/n mol

<70 revertant colonies at 1 mglplate (Verschueren 1983).

>111 orl-Agelalus phoeniceus

>244 ori-Passer domesticus (Schafer et al. 1983)

LC5O, 1 day; <0.001 mg/I, Aades aegypti LC5O, 1 day; 0.260 mg/I, Aades taeniorhynchus LC5O, 1 day; 0.037 mg/I, Culex quinquefasciatus (Borovsky et al. 1987).

>210 48hr, Oryzias latipes (MIII 1992)

5 srv, act, 24hr,Salmo trutta (Meinck et al. 1970)

Algae: inhibition of photosynthesis ota freshwater, non axenic uni-algal culture ot Selenastrum capricornutum at:

1% saturation: 99% carbon-1 4 fixation (vs. controls) 10% satu ration: 104% carbon-1 4 fixation (vs. controls) 100% saturation: 99% carbon-1 4 fixation (vs. controls) (Verschueren 1983).

Fish: trout; no effect level: 5 mgII, 24hr (Meinck et al. 1970).

Lethal threshold concentration (L150): Daphnia magna;

0.015 mg/I 0.21 days (Newsted & Giesy 1987).

Lethal threshold concentration (LT5O): Pimephales promelas;

0.0054 mgII, 0.66 days (Oris et al. 1987).

84-65-1 9,1 0-Dihydro-9,1 0-diketoanthracene

Intermediate for dyes and organics, bird repellent for seeds.

YeIIow green crystals.

208.2

1.419 at20!4°C 286 (MITI 1992) 379—381 (M 1992) 286

Biodegradation:

52.3% by BOD (on the upward trend) period: 21d

substance: 100 mg/I sludge: 30 mg/I (MITI 1992).

Confirmed to be biodegradable (Anon. 1987).

Bioconcentration factor, crustaceans

Other information about bioaccumulation Garcinogenicity Mutagenicity

1D50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg

Effects on arthropods

1C50 values to fishes, mg/I NOEC values to fishes, mg/I Other information about water organisms

164

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Anthraquinone

Synonyms Use

State and appearance Molecular weight Specific gravity (water=1) Melting point, °C Boiling point, °C Subiimation point, °C Total degradation in water

Ready biodegradability

Envronment Guide 71

Anthra

Other information about Impact on biodegradation processes: at 2.5 mg/l inhibition of the selfpuration degradation activity of natural waters (Meinck et al. 1970).

LD5O values to mammais in >5000 ori-mus (Martin 1968) oral exposure,mglkg

11)50 values to birds in oral 100—300 orl-Agelaius phoeniceus

exposure,mglkg ₁₀₀ ori-Passer domesticus

(Schafer et al. 1983)

Other information about Inhibition of photosynthesis ota freshwater non-axenic uni-aigal culture of Sele water organisms nastrum capricotnutum:

at 1% saturation: 97% carbon-14 fixation (vs. controls) at 10% saturation: 91% carbon-14 fixation fvs. controls) at^100%saturation: 85% carbon-14 fixation (vs. controls) (Verschueren 1983).

Pimephales promelas, mortality, 96 hr, 0.240 mg/I (Geiger et al. 1988).

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Anthraquinone-o-suIfonic acid

65894-78-2 Synonyms 9,1 0-Dihydro-4-amino-4-benzoyl-9,1 0-dioxo-2-anthracenesultonic acid

LC5O values to crustaceans, 50 96 hr, Daphnia magna (Dowden & Bennet 1965)

mg/I 12 100 hr, Daphnia magna (Freeman 1953)

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Antimony and antimony compounds

7440-36-0 LC5O values to crustaceans, >530 48 hr, Daphnia magna (LeBlanc 1980)

mgII

LC5O values to tishes, mg/I 0.66 28 d, Salmo gairdneri (Birge et al. 1980)

167

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Antimycin

_518-75-2

LC5O values to fishes,mgII 0.0006 96 hr, Cyprinus carpio (Marking & Bilis 1981)

168

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Antimycin A

_1397-94-0

Use Poison for Streptomyces aureus.

Molecular weight 548.7

LD5O values to mammais in 28 ori-rat oral exposure, mg/kg 1.8 orl-gpg

(Lewis & Sweet 1984) LD5O values to birds in oral 2 orl-pgn

exposure,mglkg _2.9 _orl-dck

(Lewis & Sweet 1984)

LC5O values to fishes, mg/I 0.00009 96hr, Anguilla rostrata (Hinton & Eversole 1978) 0.003 96hr, Anguilla rostrata (Hinton & Eversole 1980) 0.00055 96hr, Esox Iucius

0.00003 96hr, Salmo gairdneri fKemp et al. 1973)

__________ ___________

Envwonment Guide 71

Arseni

169

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Aphidon

5827-05-4

Use Insecticide.

LC5O values 10 crustaceans, 0.01 act, Daphnia pulex (Nishiuchi & Hashimoto 1967) mg/I

LC5O values to fishes, mq/I 20 48hr, Cyprinus carpio (Pesticide Manual 1983)

170

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Aquaciene 100

53763-47-6

Use 0 dispersant.

LC5O values 10 fish, mglkg 25 96hr, Pimephales promelas (Kemp et al. 1973)

171

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Aramite

140-57-8

Synonyms 2-(p-Butylphenox)isopropyl-2-chloroethylsulfite LD5O values to birds in oral >100 ori-Agelalus phoeniceus (Schafer et al. 1983) exposure, mglkg

EC5O values to crustaceans, 0.18 48hr, mbt, Simocephalus serrulatus

mg/I 0.16 48hr, mbt, Daphnia pulex

(Sanders & Cope 1966)

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Arsenetrisuihde

1303-33-9

Synonyms Arsenic trisulfide

Sumformula ot the chemical As2S2

Use Pigment, reducing agent, pyrotechnics, glass used for infrared lenses, semicon ductors, hair removal from hides.

State and appearance Yellow crystals or powder.

Melting point, °G 300

Other physicochemical Insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid, dissolves in alkaline suifide solutions

properties and nitric acid.

EC5O values to fishes, mg/I 135.1 srv, 96 hr, Pimephales promelas (Curtis et al. 1979)

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Arsenic acid

7778-39-4

Synonyms Orthoarsenic acid

Sumformula of the chemical H3As04. 1/21120

Use Manufacture of arsenates, glass making, wood treating process, defoliant (regu Iated), desiccant for coflon, soil sterilant.

State and appearance White, translucent crystas.

Melting point, °C 35.5

Boiling pornt, °C 160 loses water at 160 °C Other physicochemical Soluble in water, alcohol, alkali, glycerol.

properties

Envronment Guide 71

Arseni

LC5O values to crustaceans, 2.1 2d, Daphnia magna

mg/I 6.6 2d, Daphnia magna

(Burton et al. 1987)

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Arsenic acid, disodium salt,

10048-95-0

heptahydrate

Effects on the physiology of Saimo gairdneri, 56 d, 0.120 mgtg, growth effect (Cockell & Hiiton 1988).

water organisms

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Arsenic acid, sodium salt

7631-89-2

Synonyms Sodium arsenate

Molecular weight 302.88

Bioconcentration factor, algae 10000 arsenate, blue-green aigae, dry weight Baltic sea (Blanck et al. 1989) Effects on plants Uptake ot arsenate in plants is dependent on phosphate concentration (Bianck et

al. 1989).

LC5O values to aIgae, mg/I Arsenate:

0.005-0.008 mg Asti Fucus vesicuiosus

southern Baitic sea (Notini et al. 1987)

EC5O values to algae, mg/I Arsenate:

0.006 As, periphyton, southern Baitic sea, pht (Blanck et al. 1989)

LOEC values to algae, mg/I Arsenate

0.0007—0.008 mg Asu phytopiankton, oliqotrophic lake, pht 0.0002—0.0018 mg Asu periphyton,

oligotrophic lake, pht (Wängberg 1989)

0.023 as As, arsenate, periphyton, Skagerak, pht (Blanck et al. 1989)

LC5O values to fishes, mgII 100 as As, arsenate,48hr,Lepomis (Sorensen 1976)

Other information about LOEC, 0.02 mg Asu, arsenate, Pontoporeia, reproduction, Baltic sea; L0EC, water organisms 0.023—0.075 mg Asu, Capiteila, egg production, Skagerak (Blanck et al. 1989).

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Arsenic and arsenic compounds

7440-38-2 Sumformuia ot the chemical As

Molecular weight 74.92

Mobility In well aerated top Iayer ot water As 5 in the form ot arsenate (80%), arsenite (10%), and mono and dimethylated acids (Bianck et al. 1989).

In the Baitic sea there is a tendency ot higher fraction ot methyiated forms (Andreae & Frowiich 1984).

In sediment and in soil arsenate forms poorly soluble complexes with calcium, iron, sultur etc. (Lemmo et al. 1983).

Other information about Degradation products of speciai interest:

degradation arsenic sugar (in aigae);

arsenochoiine, arsenobetaine (in fish);

trimethyiarsinocide; trimethylarsine (Bianck et al. 1989).

Environment Guide 71

Arseni Water soiubie, inorganic arsenic compounds are absorbed quickly through iungs, and gastrointestinai tract. Organic arsenic compounds (in fish) are absorbed effectiveiy through gastrointestinai tract. 70% at arsenic in fish is eliminated in ane year, the rest considerabiy slower (Vahter 1983).

100—200 invertebrates in fresh water (Fowler 1983)

Ihere is a great variatian with bioaccumuiation between different arsenic com paunds, plant and animai graups and species (Fowier 1983).

Effective uptake of arsenachoiine by fish by birth (40% retention). Most of arse nocholine (89%) accumulates as arsenobetaine (Francesconi et al. 1989).

10 ipr-gpg

20 ims-rat

(Lewis & Sweet 1984) 300 scu-gpg, scu-rbt (Sweet 1987) 7857 55 yr, ari-man (Lewis & Sweet 1984) 0.605 ori-rat, 35 w preg., effects on fertility 0.58 ori-rat, 30 pre/1 -20d preg

specitic develapmentai abnormalities 76 ari-man, 12 yr, tumorigenic

(Sweet 1987)

75 impiant-rbt, tumorigenic (Sweet 1987)

Is not a direct mutagen but can injure DNA and inhibit DNA enzymes. in animai testsAs functians prababiy as ca-carcinagen (Squibb & Fowier 1983).

LD5O, 96hr, 0.269 mg/i, tadpoles of Rana hexadactyia, Khangarat et al. 1985.

2.85 21 d, Daphnia magna 7.4 48 hr, withaut faod, 0. magna

(Biesinger & Christensen 1972)

1.4 21d, rpd, Daphnia magna (Biesinger & Christensen 1972) 0.52 21d, rpd, Daphnia magna (Biesinger & Christensen 1972) 30.5 96 hr, sff, Marane saxatiiis

40.5 96 hr, hrd

(Paiawski et al. 1985)

0.55 24d, Saima gairdneri (Birge et ai. 1980)

20 grw, phy, schr, Saima gairdneri (Oiadimeji et ai. 1984) 10 grw, phy, schr, Saima gairdneri fliadimeji et ai. 1984) LC5O, 48hr, 24.5 mg/i,Apiexa hypnarum (Haicambe et ai. 1983).

Other information about metabolism

Bioconcentration factor, other organisms

Other information about biaaccumuiation

LDL0 values 10 mammais in non-oral exposure,mglkg

IDL0 values to mammais in oral exposure,mglkg

TDLo values to mammais in non-oral exposure, mg/kg Carcinogenicity

Effects on amphibia LC5O values to crustaceans, mg/I

EC5O values to crustaceans, mg/I

LOEC values to crustaceans, mgII

LC5O values to fishes, mg/I

LOEC values to fishes, mg/I NOEC values to fishes, mg/I Other information about water organisms

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Arsenic pentoxide

1303-28-2

Synonyms Arsenic axide

Arsenic anhydride Sumformula of the chemical As205

Use Arsenates, insecticides, dyeing and printing, weed kiiier, caiaured giass, metai adhesive.

State and appearance White amarphaus saiid, deiiquescent.

Environment Guide 71 115

Arseni

State and appearance Odour

Molecular weight Other physicochemical properties

LD5O values to mammais in oral exposure, mglkg

LDL0 values to mammais in oral exposure, mglkg Other information about mammais

Carcinogenicity

LD5O values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg

Other information about birds Effects on arthropods LC5O values 10 crustaceans, mg/I

LC5O values to fishes, mg/I

1.43 on-man 15.1 orl-rat 39.4 orl-mus

(Lewis & Sweet 1984) 10 orl-dog (Lewis & Sweet 1984)

17 96 hr, Coregonus sp. (Passino & Kramer 1980) 14.7 2d, Channa punctatus

10.9 4d, Channa punctatus (Burton et al. 1987)

10.9 4d, Channa punctatus (Shukla et al. 1987) 18

48hr,

Puntius (Pandey & Shukla 1979) Molecular weight

Melting point, °C Other physicochemical properties

LD5O values 10 mammais in oral exposure, mglkg LD5O values to mammais in non-oral exposure, mg!kg

229.84 315

Forms arsenic acid in water. Soluble in water, alcohol.

8 ori-rat

55 ori-mus

(Lewis & Sweet 1984) 330 ipr-rat (Lewis & Sweet 1984)

In document Environmental properties of chemicals. Volume 1 (sivua 111-118)