41
•Actusol
11.6 96 hr, Lepomis macrochirus 14.3 96 hr, Pimephales promelas 33.5 96 hr, Poecilia reticulata
(Jones 1971)
32 48 hr, Oryzias latipes (Tonogai et al. 1982) 25 96hr,Branchydanio rerio
13—28 48 hr, Leuciscus idus (Wellens 1982)
24.5 24 hr, Lagodon rhomboides 24 48 hr, Pimephales promelas
14 96 hr, Gobius minutus, in seawater, 15 °G (Verschueren 1983)
53762-96-2 Use
LC5D values to tishes, mg/I
Oli dispersant.
24 96 hr, Salmo gairdneri (Kemp et al. 1973)
42
•AUipic acid
124-04-9Synonyms
Sumformula of the chemical Molecular weight
Specific gravity (water=f) Vapour density (air=1) Water solubility, mg/I Melting point, °C Boiling point, °C
Iog octanol/water coefficient, Iog Pow
Photochemical degradation in water
Total degradation in water
Other information about mammais
Effects on microorganisms LC5O values to fishes, mg/I
Hexanedioic acid
1 ,4-Butanedicarboxylic acid C0OH-fCH2)4-COOH 146.14
1.37 5.04
15000 atl5°C 23000 (MITI 1992) 150—153 (MITI 1992)
265 100 mmHg (MITI 1992) 0.08
Photo oxidation by ultra violet light in aqueous medium at 90 —95
°C;
time for the formation of C02 (% ot theoretical):
25%: 2.0 hr 50%: 5.0 hr 75%: 32.4 hr (Verschueren 1983).
Biodegradation:
68—90% by BOD period: 14d substance: 100 mg/l sludge: 30 mg/l (MITI 1992).
Mammais: rat: inhalation: no effect level: 126 g/I, 15 x 6 hr (Verschueren 1983).
Bacteria: no effect; 100 mg/l (Verschueren 1963).
97 96 hr, Pimephales promelas (Vincent et al. 1976)
Environment Guide 71
Adipon
43
•Adiponitrile
Synonyms
Sumtormula ot the chemical
Ready biodegradabihty LG5O values to fishes, mq/I
Chemicals in the product EC5O values to algae, mg/I
1 ,4-Dcyanobutane Hexanedinitrlle Adipic acid dinitrile Hexanedioic acid dinitrile Adipyidinitrile
>2000 (MITI 1992) 0—1 (MT 1992) 295—306 (MITI 1992) Biodegradation:
35—43% by BOD (N02) (on the upward trend) period: 28d
substance: 100 mg/I sludge: 30 mg/I (MITI 1992).
Confirmed to be bodegradabIe (Anon. 1987) 820 96 hr, Pimephales promelas 775 96 hr, Poecilia reticulata 720 96hr,Lepomis macrochirus
(Jones 1971)
Aliphatic amines.
0.061 5d, rpd, Selenastrum capricornutum 0.027 5d, rpd, Asterionella formosa
(Blanck 1984)
1.3—9.7 120 hr, Salmo gairdneri (Dave et al. 1979)
Aliphatic amines.
0.555 5d, rpd, Monoraphidium 1.37 5d, rpd, Asterionella formosa
(B(anck 1984) State and appearance
Molecularweight Specific gravity (water=1) Vapour density (air=1) Conversion factor, 1 ppm in air=
Conversion factor, 7 mglm3 in air=
Vapour pressure, mmHg Water solubility, mg/I Melting point, °C Boiling point, °C
Total degradation in water
111-69-3
57157-80-9
35723-83-2 53—66% by BOD (NH3)
(on the upward trend) period: 28d
substance: 100 mg/I sludge: 30 mg/I
44
•Adogen 283
*Chemicals in the product EC5O values to algae, mg/I
LC5O values to fishes, mg/I
45
•Adogen 383
*52 Environment Guide 71
Alamin
46
•Aerozine-50
* 8065-75-6Chemicals in the product Hydrazine*50%; Dimethylhydrazine*50%
Use Rocket fuel.
L.C50values to fishes, mg/I 2.25 96 hr, Lebistes reticulatus in hard water, 22—24.500 1.17 96 hr, Lebistes reticulatus in soft water, 22—24.500 (Verschueren 1983)
47
•Aflatoxin EI
1162-65-8Effects on the physiology of 10 mg!kg, 2 days, cytogenetic effect (changes in the RNA and DNA of the ceII):
water organisms Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Iinca tinca (Al-Sabti 1986).
48
•Alachlor
15972-60-8Use Herbicide.
Molecular weight 270
Log octanoUwater coefficient, 3.22 (Anon. 1988) Iog Pow
Henry’s Iaw constant, 0.0033 (Anon. 1988) Pa x m3/mol
Mobility Equilibrium distribution:
mass
%air 0.09
water 79.63 solid 20.29
(Anon. 1988).
Hait-life in soil, days 18 (Li et al. 1990)
Effects on plants Tubers ot Cyperus rotundus L. were planted to soil sprayed with 0.25 kg alachlor/ha—,a decrease in number of sprouts above ground (2 weeks after treatment) (Rincon &Warren 1979).
49
•Alamme 336
* 68814-95-9Ghemicals In the product *Alamme is a trademark for; a series of primary, secondary and tettiary aliphatic amines; organic substituted ammonia derivatives;*chain length from 012 to C18,;*with varying degrees of unsaturation
Use Corrosion inhibitors, ote fiotation agents, textile finishing agents, rubber com pounding (Verschueren 1983).
EC5O values to algae, mg/I 0.08 5d, rpd, Selenastrum capricornutum (Blanck 1983) LC5O values to fishes, mg/I 7.5—10 96hr,Salmo gairdneri (Dave & Lindmann 1978)
0.9—2.5 120 hr, Salmo gairdneri (Dave et al. 1979)
Environment Guide 71 53
Alan i n
50 •
Alanine
56-41-7Synonyms di-Alanine
dI-2-Aminopropanoic acid dt-c-Aminopropanoic acid Sumformula of the chemical CH3CH(NH2)CO0H
Molecular weight 89.09
Water solubility,mgIl 166000 at 25 °G 322000 at75°C
Melting point, °G 295
Sublimation point, °C 200
• Aldicarb
116-06-3Synonyms 2-Methyl-2(methylthio)propionaldehyde
o-(Methylcarbomoyl)oxime Aldecarb
Methylcarbamic acid
o-(f2-Methyl-2-fmethylthio)propylidene)amino derivative Carbanolate
2-Methyl-2-(methylthio)propanal o-(Methylamino)carbonyl)oxime Sumformula of the chemical C7H14N202S
Products containing the Temik
chemical Temik 106
Use Soil applied insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide for use of cofton, sugar beets, potatoes, peanuts, ornamentals, yams, oranges, pecans, dry beans, soy beans, and sugarcane (Sax 1986).
State and appearance White, crystalline solid. Soluble in water.
Odour No odour (Sax 1986).
Molecular weight 190.29
Specific gravity (water=1) 7.195 at 25/20 C Vapour pressure, mmHg 0.0001 25 °C Water solu bility, mgfl 6000
Melting point, C 99—101
Mobility Leaching: Ieaching of aldicarb in Houston clay and Lufkin sandy Ioam is insignif icant, but appeared to move more freely through columns of coarse sand (Verschueren 1983).
Hydrolysis in water Aldicarb sulfoxide, the major metabolite ot aldicarb, undergoes hydrolysis to form aldicarb oxime sulfoxide (Sax 1986).
Hait-lite in soi!, days 7 in loam soil (Verschueren 1983) 70 (Lietal.1990)
54 Environment Gude 71
Aldica
Total degradation in soil Aldicarb degrades quite rapidly in soNs with the evoution of C02. Under field conditions a hait-life of about 7 days in loam soil was found. The following metabolites were identified:
aldicarbsulfoxide (2-methyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)propionalhyde-o- (methylcarbam oyl)-oxime and aldicarbsulfone (2-methyl-2-(methylsultonyl)propionaldehyde-o-fmethylcarbamoyl)-oxime (Verschueren 1983).
Aldicarb penetrates deeply into soil. Sorption increases with increasing organic matter.—Aldicarb has a soil half-life of 1 to 2 weeks. Fungi cause the break down. The major degradation product is aldicarb sulfoxide but small quantities of the suifone, oxime, nitrile sultone, nitrile sultoxide and oxime sultoxide are also formed. Pure fungi cultures ot Cunninghamella elegans, Gliocladium catenulatum, Penicillum multicolor, Trichoderma harzianum, and Rhyzoctonia sp. eventually degrade aldicarb to aldicarb amine suifone and aldicarb alcohol suifone. Aldicarb is toxic to springtails, collembola, mites and nematode, but is harmless to earthworms. —The degradation mechanism in soil is hydroxylation of the alkyl substituent or the aromatic moiety or by hydrolysis (Sax 1986).
Other information about Degrades quite rapidly in soils (Verschueren 1983).
degradation
Residual protection against sucking and piercing pests lasts 10 weeks (Sax 1986).
Metabolism in plants In plants, the sulfoxide is stable and persists up to 10 weeks. The sultoxide either oxidizes to the sultone or it undergoes hydrolysis to form the oxime sul foxide.-Aldicarb uptake from the soil by plants is rapid. It is taken to the foliage fSax 1986).
Other information about Aldicarb is rapidly metabolized by animais by a combination ottwopathways.
metabolism The thioether may rapidly oxidize to the sulfoxide, then slowly oxidize to the sul fone. Or aldicarb may undergo hydrolysis or dealkylation to the oxime. Nouse flies excrete 40% to 60% of a mixture of products after 24 hours. These products include aldicarb, the oxime, the oxime sulfoxide, the oxime suifone, the sulfox ide, and the suifone.—Detoxification in caffle takes place in the liver. The sulfone is the major product excreted (Sax 1986).
Aldicarb was designed to resemble acetylcholine structurally and is a cholin esterase inhibitor.—Aldicarb sulfoxide is 76 times more powerful as a cholin esterase inhibitor than is aldicarb.—Aldicarb at 5 ppm inhibits Azotobacter chroococcum beij growth by altering its glucose metabolism (Sax 1986).
LD5O values to mammais in 0.6 ori-rat (Lewis & Sweet 1984)
ora
exposure,mglkg0.9 ori-rat, technical aldicarb (Verschueren 1983) 0.3 ori-mus(Sax1986)
LD5O values to mammais in 2.5 skn-rat non-oral exposure,mglkg 1400 skn-rbt
(Lewis & Sweet 1984)
>5.0 skn-rbt, technical aldicarb (Verschueren 1983) 2400 skn-gpg fSax 1986)
Other information about ALD=1 .6 mg/kg, act, on, deer mouse
mammais LDfr=55.2 mg/kg, subacute, deer mouse (Virtanen & Nuuja 1987).
Health effects Symptoms of cholinesterase inhibition include pupillary constniction, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, muscle twitching, convulsions, bronchoc onstriction, and respiratory failure (Sax 1986).
Carcinogenicity NCI carcinogenesis bioassay oompleted: results negative; mus, rat (Lewis & Sweet 1984)
Mutagenicity Mutagen data:
otr, rat, emb, 0.117 mg/plate (Sax 1986).
Environment Guide 71 55
Aldica
LD5O values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg
EC5O values to microorganism, mg/I LC5O values to crustaceans, mg/I
EC5O values to crustaceans, mg/I
LC5O values to fishes, mg/I
LOEC values to fishes, mg/I NOEC values to fishes, mg/I Effects on the physiology of water orqanisms
Other information about water organisms
3.4 orl-dck (Lewis & Sweet 1984) 4.44 orl-dck (Sax 1986)
1.78 orl-Age(aius phoeniceus 4.22 orl-Sturnus vuigaris 4.22 orl-Coturnix coturnix 0.75 ori-Passer domesticus 0.75 or(-Quiscalus quiscula 3.16 orl-Columba livia
(Sehafer et al. 1983) 2150 INT (Dutton et al. 1986) 0.012 96 hr, Penaeus duorarum 0.016 96 hr, Mysidopsis bahia
(Anon.1 981) 0.209 48 hr, Daphnia laevis 0.07 48 hr, D.Iaevis, juvenile
(Foran et al. 1985) 0.051 48 hr, mbt, Daphnia laevis 0.065 48 hr, mbt, D.laevis, juvenife
(Foran et al. 1985) 8.8 96 hr, Salmo gairdneri 0.041 96 hr, Cyprinodon variegetus 0.08 96 hr, Lagodon rhomboides
(Anon.1 981)
0.16 srv, schr, Pimephales promelas (Pickering & Gilliam 1982) 0.078 srv, schr, Pimephales promelas (Pickering & Gilhiam 1982) Barbus conchonius, 15 d, 0.484 mg/I, hematological effect (Pant et al. 1987).
8.8 mg/I, 96 hr, on, Salmo gairdneri, LD5O (Sax 1986).
52
•AIdrin
Synonyms
Products containing the chemical
Use
State and appearance Odour
Molecular weight Vapour pressure, mmHg Water solubility, mg/I Melting point, °C
Log octanol/water coefficient, Iog Pow
Henrys Iaw constant, Pa x m3/mol
309-00-2 1,2,3,4,10,1 0-Hexachloro-1 ,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1 ,4-endo, exo-5,8-dimetha-nonaphthalene
Compound 118 Octalene
lnsecticide; fumigant.
Brown and white crystahline sohid
Odourthreshold: 0.017mglkgwater (Verschueren 1983).
364.9 0.000023 20 C
<0.1 (MITI 1992) 104—105.5 (MITI 1992) 5.52—7.40 (Sabljic 1987) 6.23 Anon. 1988 6.75 (MITI 1992)
280 (Anon 1988)
56 Environment Guide 71
Aldrin
Mobility Equilibrium distribution:
mass%
air 27.07
water 0.28 solld 72.65
(Anon. 1988).
Photoohemical degradation in Photochemical transtormations (Verschueren 1983):
air AIdrin — Dieldrin
Photoaldrin — Protodieldrin
Photochemical degradation in Photo oxidation by ultra violet Iight in aqueous medium at 90—95 °C time for the
water formation of C02
f%
of theoretical):25%:14.1 hr 50%: 28.2 hr 75%: 109.7 hr(
(Verschueren 1983)).
Half-life in water, days 7.7 calculated halifime in water at 25 °C and 1 m depth, based on evaporation rate of 0.00372 m/hr (Verschueren 1983) Total degradation in soil Disappearance from soils:
75—100% in 1—6 years (Verschueren 1983).
Total degradation in water Gonversion of aldrin to dieldrin was 80% complete after 8 weeks in river water kept in a sealed jar under sunlight and artiticial fluorescent Iight (initial concen tration 10igII)(Verschueren 1983).
Persistence in river water in a sealed glass jar under sunlight and artificial fluo rescent light (initial conc. 10 tg/I):
% of original compound found
after 1 hr 1 week 2 week 4 week 8 week
100 100 80 40 20
(Verschueren 1983).
Biodegradation:
0% by BOD period: 17.5 d substance: 100 mgIl sludge: 30 mg/I (MITI 1992).
Other information about Metabolic pathway of aldrin and dieldrin under oceanic conditions (Verschueren
metabollsm 1983):
Aldrin Dieldrin Photodieldrin
v v v
Aldrin diol
Bioconcentration factor, 3490—20000 10w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.001 mgII
fishes 1550-9450 1 0w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.0001 mg/I
fLipid 7.0%)
1040—5980 lOw, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.001 mg/l 735—4860 lOw, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.0001 mg/I
(Lipid 1.7%) (MITI 1992) Bioconcentration factor, 350—4500 (Verschueren 1983) mollusca
Environment Guide 71 57
Aldrin
Confirmed to be accumulated on a high level (Anon. 1987).
39 ori-rat 50 orl-rbt
(Lewis & Sweet 1984) 67 ori-rat (Verschueren 1983) 98 skn-rat (Lewis & Sweet 1984) 39—60 ukn-rat (Virtanen & Nuuja 1987) 98—200 skn-rat Qlerschueren 1983) 15 skn-rbt (Lewis & Sweet 1984)
Ingestion: rats ted for two years at dietary level of 5 ppm suffered no iii effects but liver damage resulted at the 25 ppm level (Verschueren 1983).
NCI carcinogenesis bioassay completed: results positive, mus;
negative, rat (Lewis & Sweet 1984).
7 orl-bwd
10 orl-ckn
(Lewis & Sweet 1984) orl-Agelaius phoeniceus (Schafer et al. 1983)
Quail: acceptable LD50: 4 mg/kg (Verschueren 1983).
FAO/WHO Residue tolerance limit: 0.03—0.3mg/kglday(Verschueren 1983).
LC50 Acroneuria pacitica:
96 hr, 0.200 mg/I (Verschueren 1983) LC5O Pteronarcys californica:
30 d, 0.0025 mg/l (Jensen & Gaufin 1966) LC50 Pteronarcys californica:
96 hr, 0.0013 mg/I (Verschueren 1983) LC50 Pteronarcys californica:
96 hr, 0.180 mg/I (Verschueren 1983) LC5O Aades aegypti:
24 hr, 0.003 mg/l fKhan et al. 1973) LC5O Chironomus riparius:
24 hr, 0.0008 mg/l (Estenik & Collins 1979) LC5O Ranatra elongata:
96 hr, 0.043 mg/l fShukla et al. 1982) LD5O, house tly, Musca, 3 days old, female:
0.014mglfly(Verschueren 1983).
Hydropsyche Iarvae: significant modification of net construction aifer 48 hours exposure: 0.020 mg/l (Verschueren 1983).