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A Business Application Architecture Framework in Manufacturing Industry

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Julkaisu 530 Publication 530

Tomi Pienimäki

A Business Application Architecture Framework in Manufacturing Industry

Tampere 2005

(2)

Tampereen teknillinen yliopisto. Julkaisu 530 Tampere University of Technology. Publication 530

Tomi Pienimäki

A Business Application Architecture Framework in Manufacturing Industry

Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Technology to be presented with due permission for public examination and criticism in Festia Building, Auditorium Pieni sali 1, at Tampere University of Technology, on the 13th of May 2005, at 12 noon.

Tampereen teknillinen yliopisto - Tampere University of Technology Tampere 2005

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ISBN 952-15-1345-4 (printed) ISBN 952-15-1416-7 (PDF) ISSN 1459-2045

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(14)

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(15)

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(16)

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(17)

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(18)

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(19)

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*4) /27*.2+ )*0* 8.(: .7*2 74;1.(4:7406 A*6 .7B91.7) //(.)143 0( 146(447*920 *4) .*7:7. > , - ! ? 69.;7+6 /*4 =7 967) 8(. 7@-2(.*01(4, )76/.1-01(4 *4) 7@-2*4*01(4 -9.-(676 8 * 69.;7+ 16 967) 8(. 7@-2(.*01(4, 0<7 *1: 16 0( =7/(:7 :(.7 8*:121*. A10< 0<7 0(-1/ *4) 0( 0.+ (90 -.721:14*.+ /(4/7-06 *=(90 10 4 96143 * 69.;7+ 8(. )76/.1-01(4, 0<7 (=D7/01;7 16 0( 814) (90 A<*0 6109*01(46, 7;7406 *4) *00109)76 (//9. 14 * -(-92*01(4 4 7@-2*4*01(4, 0<7 -9.-(67 (8 * 69.;7+ 16 0( 0760 /*96*2 .72*01(46

(20)

4 0<7 .767*./< (8 =9614766 *--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.7 )7;72(-:740 -.(/76676, 69.;7+6 A(92) <*;7 =774 967) 8(. )76/.1-01(4 (. 7@-2*4*01(4 -9.-(676 4 -.*/01/7 10 677:7) )1881/920 0( 670 0<7 .13<0 :7*69.76 *4) 0<7 /(..7/0 B97601(46 14 0<7 8(.: (8 * 69.;7+ 0( =7

*=27 0( /(227/0 ;*29*=27 )*0* <16 A*6 :*142+ =7/*967 (8 0A( .7*6(46 1.60, =9614766

*--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.7 )7;72(-:740 16 * /(:-21/*07) -.(/766 *4) 0<96 94)7.60*4)143 0<7 76674/7 (8 10 0<.(93< * 61:-27 69.;7+ 2((C6 9421C72+ 7/(4), 0<7 A<(27 /(4/7-0 *4) 0<7 07.:14(2(3+ (8 * =9614766 *--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.7 (. 7;74 *4 7407.-.167 *./<107/09.7 16 4(0 A722 C4(A4 *:(43 -.*/0101(47.6 <96, 18 * 69.;7+ A(92) <*;7 =774 967) 0<7.7 A(92)

<*;7 =774 * .16C 0<*0 -7.6(46 *46A7.143 0<7 69.;7+ A(92) <*;7 1407.-.707) 0<7 B97601(46 14/(..7/02+ (. *207.4*01;72+ * 0<(.(93< 7@-2*4*01(4 (8 A<*0 * =9614766 *--21/*01(4

*./<107/09.7 16 A(92) <*;7 =774 .7B91.7)

<7.78(.7, * B9*210*01;7 .767*./< -*.*)13: <*6 =774 /<(674 8(. 0<16 609)+ B9*210*01;7 .767*./< *--.(*/< 16 6727/07) =7/*967 (8 0<.77 :*14 .7*6(46, =*67) (4 /.107.1* -.(-(67)

=+ .76A722 > .76A722 ? 1.60, =7/*967 =9614766 *--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.76 *.7 /(:-.7<7461;7 *4) /(:-27@, 10 16 )1881/920 0( *4*2+57 0<7: 14 * B9*4010*01;7 7@-7.1:740

7/(4), * =9614766 *--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.7 8.*:7A(.C *6 69/< 16 967) 14 * 21:107) 49:=7. (8 /*676, :*C143 B9*4010*01;7 7;*29*01(4 2766 -(A7.892 <1.), =9614766

*--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.7 16 * 47A /(4/7-0 *4) 0<7.78(.7 * B9*210*01;7 *--.(*/< -.(;1)76 :(.7 14613<0892 148(.:*01(4 *=(90 106 /<*.*/07.1601/6 <16 16 =7/*967 =9614766 *--21/*01(4

*./<107/09.7 *6 * /(4/7-0 16 4(0 A722 760*=216<7) +70 *4) 0<96 B9*210*01;7 :70<()6 -.(;1)7

;*29*=27 0((26 0( )78147 *4) 60.9/09.7 0<7 -<74(:74(4 807. 0<7 -<74(:74(4 <*6 =774 60.9/09.7) 10 16 7*617. *4) :(.7 =74781/1*2 0( 967 B9*4010*01;7 :70<()6 0( /(227/0 :(.7 .727;*40 148(.:*01(4 (8 0<7 -<74(:74(4 8 0<7 -<74(:74(4 16 4(0 94)7.60(() A722 74(93< =78(.7 96143 B9*4010*01;7 :70<()6, 69/< *6 69.;7+6, 0<7.7 16 * .16C 0<*0 0<7 /(227/07) )*0* 16 4(0 .727;*40

20<(93< /(227/0143 67461=27 )*0* 8.(: * 2*.37 49:=7. (8 /(:-*4176 A*6 4(0 6774 .7*6(4*=27, +70 10 677:7) /27*. 0<*0 -9.72+ 0<7(.701/*2 *--.(*/<76 A7.7 4(0 *--.(-.1*07 710<7. <16 16 =7/*967 =9614766 *--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.76 *.7 9012157) 14 .7*2G2187 /(:-*4176 *4) A10<(90 *4+ 7:-1.1/*2 )*0* 0<7+ *.7 )1881/920 0( *4*2+57 <96, 0<7

(21)

"

/(4/7-09*2 *--.(*/< A10< 0<7(.701/*2 /<*.*/07.1601/6 A*6 4(0 6727/07) *6 0<7 :*14 .767*./<

*--.(*/<

14/7 0<7 B9*4010*01;7 .767*./< *--.(*/< A*6 .7D7/07), /(467B97402+ 0<7 4(:(0<701/*2

*--.(*/< 16 4(0 .7*6(4*=27, =7/*967 0<7 4(:(0<701/*2 *--.(*/< 16 0+-1/*22+ 967) A10<

2*.37 (=67.;*01(4 :*07.1*2 *4) 1407.-.707) A10< 60*01601/*2 :70<()6 > 2CC(474 , -

" ? <7 )7/161(4 (.17407) *--.(*/< >:*4*37:740 6/174/7 (.17407)? 0+-1/*22+ 9676 0<7 :70<() (8 )7)9/01(4 >2(31/*2 .7*6(4143? *4) 14;(2;76 =912)143 :*0<7:*01/*2 :()726 (8 /(:-27@ =9614766 6109*01(46, 96143 6-.7*)6<7706 *4)M(. (0<7. 6(80A*.7 -.(3.*:6 0( 3*14 14613<0 140( 0<7 =9614766 6109*01(4, *4) /(::941/*0143 0<7 .76920143 14613<06 *4) .7/(::74)*01(46 > *6*474 70 *2 , *A.74/7 F *607.4*/C && ? 4 0<16 609)+

:*0<7:*01/*2 :()726 A7.7 4(0 6774 *6 *4 *--.(-.1*07 A*+ 0( *4*2+57 0<7 -<74(:74(4

<7 1 16 )78147) *6 * 3(*2G)1.7/07) -.*/01/*2 -.(=27: 6(2;143 */01;10+

0<.(93< 0<7 /(460.9/01(4 (8 :()726, )1*3.*:6 (. -2*46 <7 /(460.9/01;7 *--.(*/< *2A*+6

*1:6 *0 *4 *007:-0 0( )7:(460.*07 7@-21/102+ 0<7 -.*/01/*2 96*=1210+ (8 0<7 /(460.9/07) 6(2901(4 (460.9/01;7 .767*./< 16 *26( 4(.:*01;7 *4) 144(;*01;7 =+ 4*09.7 > *6*474 70

*2 ?

4 */01(4G(.17407) .767*./< *--.(*/< 16 *1:143 0( 14/.7*67 94)7.60*4)143 (8 0<7 .767*./<

-.(=27: 4 */01(4G(.17407) *--.(*/< 16 6774 0( <*;7 61:12*. /<*.*/07.1601/6 *6 0<7 /(460.9/01;7 *4) )7/161(4 (.17407) >:*4*37:740 6/174/7 (.17407)? *--.(*/<76 70A774 0<7 */01(4G(.17407) *4) /(460.9/01;7 *--.(*/<76, 0<7 /(::(4 87*09.76 7:7.37 :*142+ 14 0<7 7:-1.1/*2 -<*67 (8 0<7 609)176 <7 */01(4G(.17407) *--.(*/<, <(A7;7., )(76 4(0 *1:

*0 /.7*0143 :*4*37.1*2 /(460.9/01(46 > *6*474 70 *2 , ? +-1/*2 8(. 0<7 */01(4G (.17407) *--.(*/< 16 0<*0 0<7 (=D7/0 *4) 0<7 .767*./<7. *.7 013<02+ 214C7) 0(370<7. 26(, 4(.:*22+ 0<7.7 *.7 (42+ * 87A .767*./< (=D7/06 0( =7 609)17) *4) /(467B97402+

B9*4010*01;7 :70<()6 *.7 4(0 -(661=27 4 0<7 */01(4G(.17407) *--.(*/< 0<7 .769206 /*4 =7 710<7. )76/.1-01;7 (. 4(.:*01;7 4 0<7 /(460.9/01;7 *--.(*/< .769206 *.7 *2A*+6 4(.:*01;7 <7 :*14 *1: (8 0<16 609)+ 16 4(0 0( =912) * /(460.9/01(4 *4) 7@-21/102+

(22)

!

)7:(460.*07 106 -.*/01/*2 96*=1210+, 0<7 *1: 16 .*0<7. 0( 14/.7*67 94)7.60*4)143 (8 0<7 -<74(:74(4

(467B97402+, 96143 0<7 A1)72+ .787..7) :70<()(2(31/*2 /2*66181/*01(4 (8 .767*./<

*--.(*/<76 =+ 7121:( *4) N61 > &?, 0<16 0<7616 /*4 =760 =7 )76/.1=7) *6 96143 -.1:*.12+ 0<7 */01(4G(.17407) *--.(*/< 76-107 0<7 )76/.1-01;7 *4) 1407.-.70*01;7 7:-<*616, 0<16 609)+ *26( <*6 4(.:*01;7 87*09.76

4 139.7 0<7 */01(4G(.17407) .767*./< *--.(*/< 16 -.767407) 14 * 8.*:7A(.C > *6*474 70 *2 , ? 0<*0 /2*6618176 )1887.740 .767*./< *--.(*/<76 (4 0A( *@76 *//(.)143 0( 0<71.

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2 / 4 " 5 # 3

+-1/*2 (-01(46 14 0<7 */01(4G(.17407) *--.(*/< *.7 8172) .767*./<, */01(4 .767*./< *4) /*67 609)+ .767*./< 172) .767*./< 074)6 0( 609)+ -<74(:74* (;7. 01:7 (. */.(66 67;7.*2 (.3*415*01(46 4 0<16 609)+ (42+ * 87A (=D7/06 *.7 609)17) *4) 0<7 -<74(:74(4 <*6 4(0

=774 609)17) (;7. 01:7 <96, 0<16 609)+ /*4 4(0 =7 /2*661817) *6 * 8172) 609)+ 4 */01(4 .767*./<, 0<7 .767*./<7. 16 4(0 *4 14)7-74)740 (=67.;7. =90 =7/(:76 * -*.01/1-*40 *4) 0<7 -.(/766 (8 /<*437 =7/(:76 0<7 69=D7/0 (8 .767*./< <96, 0<7 .767*./<7. <*6 0A(

(=D7/01;76H 0( 0*C7 */01(4 0( 6(2;7 * -.(=27: *4) 0( /(40.1=907 0( * 670 (8 6+607:

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(23)

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*/01;7 14;(2;7:740 14 0<7 -.(/766 0<*0 16 =7143 609)17) 16 0+-1/*2 8(. */01(4 .767*./< <7 60.7430< (8 */01(4 .767*./< 16 0<7 14G)7-0< *4) 81.60 <*4) 94)7.60*4)143 0<7 .767*./<7.

(=0*146 A7*C4766 16 0<7 -(07401*2 2*/C (8 (=D7/01;10+ 607::143 8.(: 0<7 .767*./<7.E6 60*C7 14 7887/0143 * 69//766892 (90/(:7 8(. 0<7 /21740 (.3*415*01(4 > 74=*6*0 70 *2 !, - ! ? 4 0<16 609)+ 0<7 .767*./<7. <*) (--(.09410176 0( -*.01/1-*07 14 -*.06 (8 0<7 -.(/76676 14 0A( (8 0<7 /(:-*4176 609)17) (A7;7., 0<16 14;(2;7:740 16 4(0 /(461)7.7) )77- 74(93< 0( =7 -9.7 */01(4 .767*./<, =90 6(:7 87*09.76 7@160

<16 609)+ /(4/740.*076 (4 8(9. 7:-1.1/*2 /*676 8(. * )77-7. 94)7.60*4)143 (8 0<7 .767*./< (=D7/0 //(.)143 0( 1674<*.)0 > , - ? K/*67 609)+ .767*./< 16 * .767*./<

60.*073+ A<1/< 8(/9676 (4 94)7.60*4)143 0<7 )+4*:1/6 -.76740 A10<14 614327 6700143L (.7(;7., 9::766(4 > , - ! ? <*6 60*07) 0<*0 K *67 .767*./< 16 * 967892 60.*073+

8(. 609)+143 -.(/76676 14 /(:-*4176L //(.)143 0( 74=*6*0 70 *2 > !, - !&? 0<7.7

*.7 0<.77 .7*6(46 A<+ /*67 609)+ .767*./< 16 * ;1*=27 148(.:*01(4 6+607:6 .767*./<

60.*073+ 1.60, 0<7 .767*./<7. /*4 609)+ 148(.:*01(4 6+607:6 14 * 4*09.*2 6700143, 27*.4

*=(90 0<7 60*07 (8 *.0 *4) 3747.*07 0<7(.176 8.(: -.*/01/7 7/(4), 0<7 /*67 :70<() *22(A6 0<7 .767*./<7. 0( *46A7. K<(AL *4) KA<+L B97601(46 <1.), * /*67 *--.(*/< 16 *4

*--.(-.1*07 A*+ 0( .767*./< *4 *.7* 14 A<1/< 87A -.7;1(96 609)176 <*;7 =774 /*..17) (90 74=*6*0 > !? /(4014976 =+ 2160143 0<7 C7+ /<*.*/07.1601/6 (8 /*67 609)176H

− <7 -<74(:74(4 16 7@*:147) 14 * 4*09.*2 6700143

− <7 )*0* 16 /(227/07) =+ :9201-27 :7*46

− <7 /(:-27@10+ (8 0<7 9410 >(47 (. (42+ 87A? 16 609)17) 1407461;72+

− ( 7@-7.1:740*2 /(40.(26 (. :*41-92*01(4 *.7 14;(2;7)

− <7 14;76013*0(. :*+ 4(0 6-7/18+ 0<7 670 (8 14)7-74)740 *4) )7-74)740 ;*.1*=276 14 *);*4/7

− <7 )7.1;7) .769206 )7-74) <7*;12+ (4 0<7 14073.*01;7 -(A7.6 (8 0<7 14;76013*0(.

− <*4376 14 6107 6727/01(4 *4) )*0* /(227/01(4 :70<()6 /(92) 0*C7 -2*/7 *6 0<7 .767*./<7. )7;72(-6 47A <+-(0<7676

(24)

9614766 *--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.7 )7;72(-:740 -.(/76676, A<1/< *.7 )+4*:1/

)7;72(-:740 -.(/76676 14 * /(:-*4+, *.7 0<7 (=D7/0 (8 0<16 609)+ /*67 609)+ .767*./<

*--7*.6 0( =7 * 4*09.*2 A*+ (8 609)+143 69/< * -<74(:74(4 0 16 *26( 967892 0( =7 *=27 0(

609)+ 0<(67 -.(/76676 14 * 4*09.*2 6700143 4 *))101(4, 0<7 /(:-27@10+ (8 0<16 (=D7/0 69--(.06 0<7 6727/01(4 (8 0<7 /*67 609)+ .767*./< *--.(*/< <7.78(.7, 0<7 /*67 609)+

:70<() <*6 =774 /<(674 #<74 -2*/7) 14 * 8.*:7A(.C =+ *6*474 70 *2 > ?, 6<(A4 14 139.7 , 0<16 609)+ 9676 :*142+ 0<7 */01(4G(.17407) .767*./< *--.(*/<, *20<(93< 0<7 609)+ 14/29)76 *26( 6(:7 87*09.76 (8 0<7 /(460.9/01;7 *--.(*/< N.;1474 > && ? )1;1)76

*--.(*/<76 8(. 7:-1.1/*2 609)176 14 0<7(.+G0760143 *--.(*/<76 *4) 0<7(.+G/.7*0143

*--.(*/<76 4 N.;1474E6 > && ? 0*@(4(:+ (8 .767*./< :70<()6 * /*67 609)+ 16 14/29)7) 14 0<7 0<7(.+G/.7*0143 .767*./< *--.(*/< 4 0<7(.+G/.7*0143 .767*./< * 47A 0<7(.+ (.

:70<() 16 )7;72(-7) 3.(94)7) (4 3*0<7.7) .*A )*0* > N.;1474 && , - ? <7.78(.7 14 N.;1474E6 > && ? 0*@(4(:+ (8 .767*./< 0<16 609)+ 16 * 0<7(.+G/.7*0143 609)+

14 > , - ? )781476 * /*67 609)+ *6 8(22(A6H K /*67 609)+ 16 *4 7:-1.1/*2 74B91.+

0<*0H

− 14;76013*076 * /(407:-(.*.+ -<74(:74(4 A10< 106 .7*2G2187 /(407@0, 76-7/1*22+

A<74

− =(94)*.176 =70A774 -<74(:74(4 *4) /(407@0 *.7 4(0 /27*.2+ 7;1)740O *4) 14 A<1/<

− :9201-27 6(9./76 (8 7;1)74/7 *.7 967) L

6143 :9201-27 6(9./76 (8 7;1)74/7 14 )*0* /(227/01(4 16 (47 (8 0<7 60.7430<6 (8 * /*67 609)+ //(.)143 0( 14 > , - &? 0<7 8(22(A143 6(9./76 (8 7;1)74/7 /*4 =7 967)H )(/9:740*01(4, *./<1;*2 .7/(.)6, 1407.;17A6, )1.7/0 (=67.;*01(46, -*.01/1-*40 (=67.;*01(46

*4) -<+61/*2 *.078*/06 <7 :*14 6(9./76 (8 7;1)74/7 14 0<16 0<7616 *.7 1407.;17A6 *4) )(/9:740*01(4

//(.)143 0( 14 > , -- G ? /*67 609)176 /*4 =7 967) 8(. 7@-2(.*0(.+, )76/.1-01;7 *4) 7@-2*4*0(.+ -9.-(676 4 0<16 609)+ =9614766 *--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.7 )7;72(-:740 -.(/76676 14 /*67 /(:-*4176 *.7 )76/.1=7) *4) .7*6(46 8(. /<(1/76 :*)7 )9.143 0<7

(25)

&

-.(/766 *.7 7@-2*147) <7.78(.7, 0<16 609)+ 16 :*142+ 967) 8(. )76/.1-01;7 -9.-(676, =90 10

<*6 *26( 7@-2*4*0(.+ 87*09.76

//(.)143 0( 14 > , -- G ? 0<7.7 *.7 8(9. 0+-76 (8 /*67 )76134H 14327G/*67, <(21601/ >9410*.+ 9410 (8 *4*2+616?

14327G/*67, 7:=7))7) >:9201-27 94106 (8 *4*2+616?

9201-27G/*67, <(21601/

9201-27G/*67, 7:=7))7)

//(.)143 0( 74=*6*0 70 *2 > !, - ! ? :9201-27G/*67 )76134 16 )761.*=27 A<74 0<7 140740 (8 0<7 .767*./< 16 )76/.1-01(4, 0<7(.+ =912)143 (. 0<7(.+ 0760143 4 0<16 609)+ * :9201-27G/*67 )76134 <*6 =774 /<(674

<16 609)+ <*6 =774 7@7/907) A10< 8(9. /*676 14 8(9. /(:-*4176 47 (8 0<7 /*67 609)176 16 <(21601/, =7/*967 0<7 /(:-*4+ <*) (42+ (47 6107 A<1/< A*6 609)17) <7 (0<7. 0<.77 /*67 609)176 *.7 7:=7))7) :7*4143 0<*0 0<7 /(:-*4176 14/29)7) 67;7.*2 61076 *4) (42+

6(:7 (8 0<(67 61076 A7.7 6727/07) 0( =7 609)17)

20<(93< 0<16 609)+ -.1:*.12+ 9676 0<7 */01(4G(.17407) *--.(*/<, 0<7.7 *.7 6(:7 87*09.76 8.(: (0<7. *--.(*/<76 //(.)143 0( 2CC(474 > 2CC(474 , - ? 67;7.*2 .767*./<

*--.(*/<76 /*4 =7 967) 14 (47 609)+ 4 0<7 =73144143 (8 0<7 .767*./< -.(/766 10 =7/*:7

*--*.740 0<*0 07.:14(2(3+ *4) )7814101(46 .72*07) 0( 0<7 .767*./< 0(-1/ A7.7 ;7.+

14/(46160740 <7.78(.7 10 A*6 )7/1)7) 0<*0 * 0<(.(93< *4*2+616 (8 0<7 07.:14(2(3+ 16 .7B91.7) *4) =*67) (4 0<*0 * 47A 0*@(4(:+ (8 )7814101(46 A*6 0( =7 =9120 (. 0<*0 -9.-(67 0<7 /(4/7-09*2 .767*./< *--.(*/< <*6 =774 7@-2(107)

( =7 *=27 0( *4*2+57 =9614766 *--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.76, * /2*66181/*01(4 :()72 <*6 =774 8(.:92*07) <16 /2*66181/*01(4 :()72 16 * /(460.9/01(4 *6 69/<, =90 14 0<16 609)+ 10 <*6

=774 =9120 8(. *4*2+5143 -9.-(676 *4) 0<7 :*14 -9.-(67 16 4(0 0( )7:(460.*07 106 -.*/01/*2 96*=1210+ <7.78(.7, 0<16 609)+ <*6 6(:7 87*09.76 61:12*. 0( * -9.7 /(460.9/01;7 *--.(*/<

<7 6*:7 *--2176 0( 0<7 .787.74/7 :()72 8(. * =9614766 *--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.7

(26)

)7;72(-:740 -.(/766 <7 .787.74/7 :()72 16 8(.:92*07) 8(. *4*2+5143 -9.-(676, =90 18 )761.7), 10 /*4 =7 967) 8(. )7;72(-143 47A =9614766 *--21/*01(4 *./<107/09.76 4 *))101(4, 76-7/1*22+ 14 0<7 /(4/2961(46, 6(:7 .7/(::74)*01(46 *.7 31;74 .72*07) 0( =9614766

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(27)

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(28)

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(29)

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(30)

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(31)

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(32)

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(33)

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(34)

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(35)

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6(80A*.7 69/< *6 A(.) -.(/766(.6 *4) *--21/*01(4 6(80A*.7 .72*07) 0( 6-7/1*2157) =9614766 0*6C6 69/< *6 .7/(.)143 /.7)10 /*.) 0.*46*/01(46 (. )76134143 *90(:(=1276 <7 )7814101(4

=+ #*.) *4) 7--*.), # /+ 14/29)76 =(0< 0*431=27 >67.;7.6, .(907.6, 6? *4) 140*431=27 >6(80A*.7 (8 *22 0+-76? 07/<4(2(3+ *4) 0727/(::941/*01(46 470A(.C6 16 967) 14 0<16 609)+

> ?, /*)7:+ 8(. 48(.:*01(4 +607:6, <*6 )78147) *4 148(.:*01(4 6+607: *6 0<7 :7*46 =+ A<1/< -7(-27 *4) (.3*415*01(46 901215143 07/<4(2(3+, 3*0<7., -.(/766, 60(.7, 967 *4) )1667:14*07 148(.:*01(4 <7 1/01(4*.+ (8 (:-90143 > "?

)781476 *4 148(.:*01(4 6+607: *6 * /(:-907.G=*67) 6+607: A10< 0<7 )7814143 /<*.*/07.1601/ 0<*0 10 -.(;1)76 148(.:*01(4 8(. 967.6 14 (47 (. :(.7 (.3*415*01(46 <7 -74 .(9- > && ? )781476 *4 148(.:*01(4 6+607: *6 0<7 /(:-907.G=*67) -(.01(4 (8 *

=9614766 6+607:, A<7.7 * =9614766 6+607: 14/29)76 0<7 <*.)A*.7, 6(80A*.7, -(21/+

60*07:7406, -.(/7)9.76 *4) -7(-27 0<*0 0(370<7. 1:-27:740 * =9614766 894/01(4 //(.)143 0( 207. > "? *4 + 16 * 6+607: 0<*0 9676 148(.:*01(4 07/<4(2(3+ 0( /*-09.7, 0.*46:10, 60(.7, .70.17;7, :*41-92*07, (. )16-2*+ 148(.:*01(4 967) 14 (47 (. :(.7 =9614766 -.(/76676 207.E6 )7814101(4 16 967) 14 0<16 0<7616

<7 @8(.) 43216< 1/01(4*.+ > ? )781476 *4 *--21/*01(4 >(. *4 *--21/*01(4 -.(3.*:?

*6 * -.(3.*: )761347) 0( /*..+ (90 0*6C6 (. 6(2;7 -.(=27:6, A<1/< *.7 6-7/181/ 0( * 31;74 967 <7 1/01(4*.+ (8 (:-90143 > "? )781476 *4 *--21/*01(4 *6 * -*.01/92*. .(27 (.

0*6C 0( A<1/< * /(:-907. 6+607: /*4 =7 *--217), (., :(.7 969*22+, 0<7 6(80A*.7 967) 8(.

69/< * -9.-(67

-74 .(9- > -74 .(9- && ? )781476 *4 *--21/*01(4 *6 * /2*66181/*01(4 (8 /(:-907.

-.(3.*:6 )761347) 0( -7.8(.: 6-7/181/ 0*6C6, 69/< *6 A(.) -.(/766143, )*0*=*67 :*4*37:740 (. 3.*-<1/6

(36)

//(.)143 0( 9-0* > 9-0* &&&? *--21/*01(4 6(80A*.7 16 6(80A*.7 )761347) 0( -7.8(.:

-7(-27 .72*07) 0*6C6 69/< *6 14;740(.+ :*4*37:740, -*+.(22 *4) 6*276 *4*2+616 9-0*

> 9-0* &&&? )1;1)76 *--21/*01(4 6(80A*.7 14 0A( 3.(9-6H 3747.*2G-9.-(67 6(80A*.7 *4) )7)1/*07) 6(80A*.7 9-0* )781476 3747.*2 -9.-(67 6(80A*.7 *6 6(80A*.7 :*66 -.()9/7) 8(. * =.(*) .*437 (8 /(::(4 =9614766 *--21/*01(46 69/< *6 A(.) -.(/766143, 3.*-<1/6, 6-.7*)6<7706, -*+.(22 *4) *//(940143 //(.)143 0( 9-0*E6 )7814101(4 )7)1/*07) 6(80A*.7 16 6-7/1*2157) (. /960(:157) 6(80A*.7 )761347) 0( :770 0<7 6-7/181/ 148(.:*01(4 477)6 (8 967.6

4 0<16 609)+ *--21/*01(46 *.7 /2*661817) 14 0A( 3.(9-6H 3747.*2 *--21/*01(46 *4) =9614766 6-7/181/ *--21/*01(46 //(.)143 0( #*.) *4) 7--*.) >#*.) F 7--*.) && , - ? * / # # 16 )78147) *6 * /(:-907. -.(3.*: )761347) 0( -7.8(.: 3747.*2 0*6C6 69/< *6 A(.) -.(/766143, -.76740*01(46, 0.*462*01(46 (. (0<7. (881/7 0*6C6 -

# 16 )78147) *6 * /(:-907. -.(3.*: )761347) 0( -7.8(.: 6-7/181/ =9614766

*/01;10176 69/< *6 (.)7. -.(/766143, -.()9/01(4 -2*44143, .7-(.0143, 407.-.167 76(9./7 2*44143, .()9/0 *0* *4*37:740, 960(:7. 72*01(46<1- *4*37:740 *4) )*0*

A*.7<(96143 =9614766 *--21/*01(4 16 .72*07) 0( * =9614766 -.(/766 (. * =9614766 69--(.0 -.(/766 *14 =9614766 -.(/76676 *.7 -.(/76676 69/< *6 (.)7. 8928122:740 -.(/766

>B9(0*01(4, (.)7. 740.+, :*498*/09.143, -9./<*6143, )721;7.+, 14;(1/143 *4) *807. 6*276?

*4) F 14*4/7 *4) <9:*4 .76(9./76 *.7 69--(.0 -.(/76676 (22*=(.*01(4 0((26, 69/<

*6 7G:*12, *.7 *26( /2*661817) *6 =9614766 *--21/*01(46 -74 .(9- > -74 .(9- && ? /2*6618176 *--21/*01(46 *6 =9614766 *--21/*01(46 *4) 148.*60.9/09.7 *--21/*01(46 -74 .(9- > -74 .(9- && ? )781476 *6 =9614766 *--21/*01(46 *--21/*01(46 0<*0 *.7 6-7/181/

0( * -*.01/92*. 7407.-.167 (. ;7.01/*2 14)960.+ A<127 148.*60.9/09.7 *--21/*01(46 14/29)7 *22 (0<7. *--21/*01(46 > (.-(.*01(4 "? 8.*:7A(.C 67-*.*076 =9614766

*--21/*01(46 *4) 3747.*2 *--21/*01(46

//(.)143 0( -74 .(9- > -74 .(9- && ? * 3(() )7814101(4 (8 P7407.-.167P 14 0<16 /(407@0 16 *4+ /(227/01(4 (8 (.3*415*01(46 0<*0 <*6 * /(::(4 670 (8 3(*26 *4)M(. * 614327

=(00(: 2147 *.6(46 > , - ! ? )781476 *4 (.3*415*01(4 *6 * 6+607: =*67) (4

(37)

/(22*=(.*01;7 .72*01(46 4 0<16 67467, *4 7407.-.167 /*4 =7 * 3(;7.4:740 *374/+, * A<(27 /(.-(.*01(4, * )1;161(4 (8 * /(.-(.*01(4, * 614327 )7-*.0:740 (. * /<*14 (8 37(3.*-<1/*22+

)160*40 (.3*415*01(46 214C7) 0(370<7. =+ /(::(4 (A47.6<1- *.6(46E )7814101(4 )781476

*4 (.3*415*01(4 *2:(60 *6 18 10 A7.7 * 470A(.C <7 07.: P7407.-.167P 14 0<7 /(407@0 (8 P7407.-.167 *./<107/09.7P /*4 =7 967) 0( )74(07 =(0< *4 7401.7 7407.-.167, 74/(:-*66143 *22 106 148(.:*01(4 6+607:6, *4) * 6-7/181/ )(:*14 A10<14 0<7 7407.-.167 4 =(0< /*676, 0<7

*./<107/09.7 /.(6676 :9201-27 6+607:6, *4) :9201-27 894/01(4*2 3.(9-6 A10<14 0<7 7407.-.167

(94/12 > (94/12 && ? )781476 *4 *6 *4 (.3*415*01(4 >(. /.(66G (.3*415*01(4*2 74010+? 69--(.0143 * )78147) =9614766 6/(-7 *4) :1661(4 4 7407.-.167 14/29)76 1407.)7-74)740 .76(9./76 >-7(-27, (.3*415*01(46 *4) 07/<4(2(3+? A<( :960 /((.)14*07 0<71. 894/01(46 *4) 6<*.7 148(.:*01(4 14 69--(.0 (8 * /(::(4 :1661(4 >(. 670 (8 .72*07) :1661(46? <7 )7814101(4 =+ (94/12 16 967) 14 0<16 0<7616

<7 @8(.) 43216< 1/01(4*.+ > ? )781476 *4 *./<107/09.7 14 *66(/1*01(4 A10<

/(:-90143 *6 0<7 /(4/7-09*2 60.9/09.7 *4) (;7.*22 2(31/*2 (.3*415*01(4 (8 * /(:-907. (.

/(:-907.G=*67) 6+607: 8.(: 0<7 -(140 (8 ;17A (8 106 967 (. )76134O * -*.01/92*. .7*216*01(4 (8 0<16

4 M 0) ! G &&& 0<7 )7814101(4 (8 *4 *./<107/09.7 16H K0<7 894)*:740*2 (.3*415*01(4 (8 * 6+607:, 7:=()17) 14 106 /(:-(47406, 0<71. .72*01(46<1-6 0( 7*/< (0<7.

*4) 0<7 74;1.(4:740, *4) 0<7 -.14/1-276 3(;7.4143 106 )76134 *4) 7;(2901(4L

//(.)143 0( -74 .(9- > -74 .(9- && ? *./<107/09.7 <*6 0A( :7*41436 )7-74)143 (4 106 /(407@09*2 96*37H

8(.:*2 )76/.1-01(4 (8 * 6+607:, (. * )70*127) -2*4 (8 0<7 6+607: *0 /(:-(4740 27;72 0( 391)7 106 1:-27:740*01(4

(38)

<7 60.9/09.7 (8 /(:-(47406, 0<71. 1407..72*01(46<1-6 *4) 0<7 -.14/1-276 *4) 391)721476 3(;7.4143 0<71. )76134 *4) 7;(2901(4 (;7. 01:7

(94/12 > (94/12 && ? )781476 *4 *./<107/09.7 *6 0<7 60.9/09.7 (8 /(:-(47406, 0<71. 1407..72*01(46<1-6, *4) 0<7 -.14/1-276 *4) 391)721476 3(;7.4143 0<71. )76134 *4) 7;(2901(4 (;7. 01:7 4 0<16 609)+, 0<7 )7814101(4 31;74 =+ > , &? 16 967)

> , &? )781476 *4 *6 0<7 60.9/09.7 (8 /(:-(47406, 0<71.

.72*01(46<1-6 *4) 0<7 -.14/1-276 *4) 391)721476 3(;7.4143 0<71. )76134 *4) 7;(2901(4 (;7.

01:7

//(.)143 0( (94/12 > (94/12 && ? *4 K7407.-.167 *./<107/09.7 16 * 60.*0731/

148(.:*01(4 *6670 =*67, A<1/< )781476 0<7 :1661(4, 0<7 148(.:*01(4 47/766*.+ 0( -7.8(.:

0<7 :1661(4 *4) 0<7 07/<4(2(3176 47/766*.+ 0( -7.8(.: 0<7 :1661(4, *4) 0<7 0.*46101(4*2 -.(/76676 8(. 1:-27:740143 47A 07/<4(2(3176 14 .76-(467 0( 0<7 /<*43143 :1661(4 477)6 L

'*/<:*4 > !? )781476 148(.:*01(4 6+607:6 *./<107/09.7 81.60 *6 K/.7*0143 * )76/.1-01;7 8.*:7A(.C 8.(: )16/1-21476 B9107 14)7-74)740 (8 148(.:*01(4 6+607:6L *4) 0<74 6-7/18176 0<*0 K148(.:*01(4 6+607:6 *./<107/09.7 16 =*67) 9-(4 * 4790.*2 (=D7/01;7 8.*:7A(.CL

//(.)143 0( / (;7.4 70 *2 > / (;7.4 70 *2 && ? *4 7407.-.167 *./<107/09.7 /(461606 (8 0<7 ;*.1(96 60.9/09.76 *4) -.(/76676 (8 *4 (.3*415*01(4 4 7407.-.167 *./<107/09.7 :()72 16 * .7-.76740*01(4 (8 0<(67 60.9/09.76 *4) -.(/76676 3(() 7407.-.167

*./<107/09.7 :()72 A122 )7-1/0 0<7 (.3*415*01(4 =(0< *6 10 16 0()*+ *4) *6 10 16 74;161(47) 14 0<7 8909.7, *4) A122 :*- 0<7 ;*.1(96 ;17A6 .7-.76740143 0<7 *./<107/09.7 0( (47 *4(0<7.

<767 ;17A6 14/29)7 =(0< =9614766G(.17407) -7.6-7/01;76 *6 A722 *6 07/<41/*2 -7.6-7/01;76

Viittaukset

LIITTYVÄT TIEDOSTOT

Page 1: The line “Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Science (Technology) to be presented with due permission for public examination and criticism in the Auditorium 1314

the board of the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the University of Tampere, for public discussion in the Auditorium Pinni B 1097, Kanslerinrinne 1, Tampere,.. on

Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Science in Technology to be presented with due permission for public examination and criticism in Konetalo Building, Auditorium K1702, at

Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Technology to be presented with due permission for public examination and criticism in Festia Building, Auditorium Pieni Sali 1, at Tampere

When the researcher is implementing the time study the selected timing technique and distribution of work time are important instruments in order to produce relevant time study

To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Science of the University of Helsinki, for public criticism in Auditorium XIV, the. Main Building (Fabianinkatu 33), on

Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki, in Auditorium XII (Main Building),.. on the 2nd of March,

by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki in auditorium XII, on the 7th of November, 2015 at