STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION

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3. ALPHA-ACTININ

3.1. INTRODUCTION

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3.2. STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION

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Fig 7. A schematic illustration of Į-actinin in its native form. Each monomer contains an N-terminal actin-binding domain (AB) consisting of two calponin-homology domains, a central rod domain region with four D-helical spectrin-like repeats (R1-R4), and a C-terminal CaM domain consisting of four Ca²⁺-binding EF-hand repeats. Modified from Sjoblom et al, 2008.

3.3. INTERACTIONS

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3.4. REGULATION

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Table 1. Proteins interacting with nonmuscle Į-actinin. Some ion channel receptors, such as L-type calcium channel (Sadeghi et al, 2002), polycystin-2 (Li et al, 2005), and Kv1.4 and Kv1.5. potassium channels (Cukovic et al, 2001), are not shown. a-Actinin also binds to NCAM (Buttner et al, 2003), the AMPA glutamate receptor subunit 4 (GluR4) (Nuriya et al, 2005) and the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5b [mGlu(5b)] (Cabello et al, 2007). ADIP, afadin DIL-domain interacting protein;

MAGI-1, membrane associated guanylate kinase 1; E3KARP, NHE3 (sodium -hydrogen exchanger 3) kinase A regulatory protein; MEKK1, MEK (MAPK /ERK kinase) kinase 1; PKN, protein kinase N.

Reprinted from Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton, Otey and Carpén, 2004. Copyright (2004), with permission from Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Binding partners for nonmuscle Į-actinin

Binding partner Category Key reference

CLP-36 E2 integrins ICAM-1 ICAM-2 L-Selectin GpIb-IX ADIP D-catenin BP180 MAGI-1 Syndecan-4 ADAM12 NMDA receptor Densin A2A receptor Rabphilin 3A E3KARP MEKK1 PIP3 PIP2 iNOS PI 3-kinase PKN CaMKII

Stress fiber Stress fiber Focal adhesion Stress fiber Focal adhesion Focal adhesion Focal adhesion Focal adhesion Lymphocyte targeting Lymphocyte targeting Lymphocyte targeting Lymphocyte targeting Platelet adhesion Adherens junction Adherens junction Hemidesmosome Tight junction Cell-matrix adhesion Cell-cell adhesion Synapse

Bauer et al, 2000 Vallenius et al, 2000 Parast and Otey, 2000 Mykkänen et al, 2001 Crawford et al, 1992 Pomies et al, 1997

Belkin and Koteliansky, 1987 Wachsstock et al, 1987 Otey et al, 1990

Pavalko and LaRoche, 1993 Carpén et al, 1992 Heiska et al, 1996 Pavalko et al, 1995 Feng et al, 2002 Asada et al, 2003 Knudsen et al, 1995 Gonzalez et al, 2001 Patrie et al, 2002 Greene et al, 2003 Cao et al, 2001 Wyszynski et al, 1997 Walikonis et al, 2001 Burgueno et al, 2003 Kato et al, 1996 Kim et al, 2002 Christerson et al, 1999 Greenwood et al, 2000 Rezendiz et al, 2004 Daniliuc et al, 2003 Shibasaki et al, 1994 Mukai et al, 1997 Walikonis et al, 2001