Table 5 below shows the national PA distribution between classes in both BPAN classification systems. It is valid only for the BEAR parts of each country.
Country General classification Detailed classification Finland Class 1 Strong protection:
– All officially established PAs on state land, established under the Nature Conservation – All the other protected state lands, reserved Act
to be officially established as class 1 PAs (already managed by Metsähallitus Natural Heritage Services)
– Most of officially established PAs on private land, except for PAs that are established under the Shoreline Protection Programme but are not simultaneously Natura 2000 areas protecting habitats under the Nature Conservation Act or the Wilderness Act.
– All areas reserved under national Nature Conservation Programmes, except for the Shoreline Protection Programme and the Esker Protection Programme
– Natura 2000 areas protecting habitats under the Nature Conservation Act or the Wilderness Act.
Class 1a Full protection:
– 2 strict nature reserves
– 1 strict restriction zone of a national park Class 1b Strict protection:
– 10 strict nature reserves
– Strict restriction zones of 4 national parks – 2 special nature reserves
Class 1c Strong protection:
– All officially established PAs that are not class 1a or 1b, established under the Nature Conservation Act
– National parks, excluding strictly protected zones
– Other protected areas on state lands, apart from those in classes 1a and 1b
– Natura 2000 areas, protecting habitats under the Nature Conservation Act or the Wilderness – Other state land reserved for class 1c PAs Act
(managed by Parks and Wildlife Finland) – Most of the officially established PAs on private
land, except for PAs that are established under the Shoreline Protection Programme but simultaneously are not class 1 Natura 2000 areas
– All areas reserved under national nature conservation programmes, except for the Shoreline Protection Programme and the Esker Protection Programme
Class 2 Medium level protection (general) = Class 2 Medium level protection (detailed):
– Officially established PAs on private land when they are included in the Shoreline Protection Programme but simultaneously are not Natura 2000 areas established under the Nature Conservation Act
– Areas protected under the Wilderness Act that are not Natura 2000 areas
– Areas reserved under the national Shoreline Protection Programme or the Esker Protection Programme
– Natura 2000 areas, protecting habitats under legislation other than the Nature Conservation Act or the Wilderness Act, with the exception of Natura 2000 areas that are protected under the Water Act, Ounasjoki Act or the Agreement on Border Waters
Norway Class 1 Strong protection (general) = Class 1c Strong protection (detailed):
– Officially established national parks, nature reserves, wildlife conservation areas (Nature Diversity Act) and natural monuments
Class 2 Medium level protection (general) = Class 2 Medium level protection (detailed):
– Officially established protected landscapes, protected landscapes with botanical and/or zoological protection of species, and other wildlife conservation areas
Class 3 Weak protection (general) = Class 3 Weak protection (detailed):
– Officially established areas with botanical and/or zoological protection of species, i.e. but not protected landscapes.
Table 5. National PA categories in BPAN PA classifications.
u
35 Reports of the Finnish Environment Institute 29 | 2014 Country General classification Detailed classification
Russia Class 1 Strong protection:
– Strict nature reserves (zapovednik) – Zones of full, strict or strong protection in
national parks
– Nature reserves and nature monuments, established under separate regulations, meeting the criteria above
– 1 botanical garden – 1 protected landscape
– Local PAs, established under separate regulations, meeting the criteria above
Class 1a Full protection:
– Several parts of 7 strict nature reserves – Zones of full protection in 5 national parks – Part of 1 nature monument
Class 1b Strict protection:
– Several parts of 3 strict nature reserves – Zone of strict protection in 1 national park – 4 nature reserves and parts of 2 nature
preserves
Class 1c Strong protection:
– Zones of strong protection in national parks – Nature reserves and nature monuments,
established under separate regulations, meeting the criteria above
– 3 botanical gardens – 1 protected landscape
– Local PAs, established under separate regulations, meeting the criteria above Class 2 Medium level protection (general) = Class 2 Medium level protection (detailed):
– Zones of national parks that do not have strict or strong regulations, according to the criteria above
– The only nature park in the BEAR part of Russia
– Nature reserves and nature monuments, established under separate regulations, meeting the criteria of class 2 but not class 1 protection
– Local PAs, established under separate regulations, meeting the criteria above Class 3 Weak protection (general) = Class 3 Weak protection (detailed):
– Nature reserves and nature monuments established under separate regulations, meeting the criteria of class 3 but not class 1 or 2 protection (for example, game reserves that often prohibit only hunting)
– Some zones of national and nature parks could be classified in this class (although none in the Barents Region)
– 2 genetic reserves – 1 health resort
– 1 historical and natural museum
– Local PAs, established under separate regulations that don’t meet the criteria of classes 1 and 2 Sweden Class 1 Strong protection (general) = Class 1c Strong protection (detailed):
– All established national parks
– Officially established nature reserves with strong or medium-level protection regimes, according to national classification
– All newly established PAs (since 01/01/2012) – All Natura 2000 areas, except protected rivers
Class 2 Medium level protection (general) = Class 2 Medium level protection (detailed):
– SNUS Project areas (for Norrbotten and Västerbotten) protected on state land, managed by the National Property Board of Sweden (Fastighetsverket) and the Swedish Fortification Agency (Fortificationverket)
Class 3 Weak protection (general) = Class 3 Weak protection (detailed):
– Officially established nature reserves with protection regimes that nationally are classified as ”weak”
...Table 5. National PA categories in BPAN PA classifications.
36 Reports of the Finnish Environment Institute 29 | 2014
Areas disregarded in the BPAN classification as not fulfilling the PA definition of CBD for terrestrial areas:
Norway:
• Habitats of species of the Norwegian Nature Diversity Act, Chapter III
• Habitats of the Norwegian Nature Diversity Act, Chapter IV
• Forestry set-asides
• All protected marine water areas.
Sweden:
• Possible future PAs whose status currently remains uncertain (national classes
”Preliminary”, ”Ready for decision”, and ”Complained/Appealed”)
• All rivers protected under Natura 2000
• SNUS Project areas (for Norrbotten and Västerbotten) under voluntary protection on Sveaskog, SCA and other companies’ lands, or on private land.
Finland:
• All protected marine waters
• All protected marine waters (Natura 2000 and others)
• Inland waters protected only on the basis of the Whitewater Act and/or Natura 2000 under the Water Act, the Agreement on Border Waters or the Ounasjoki Act
• Waters in the Shoreline Protection Programme, if not overlapping with any other protection programme; or if overlapping, then only with the water-protection categories mentioned above
• The S-reservations of regional and municipal zoning master-plans (areas that have some specific conservation values and are shown in the master plan, but protection methods are not designated)
• The SL-reservations (established protected areas + areas reserved to be established as PAs) of municipal zoning master plans. Collecting this information from all the Finnish municipalities was not possible within the BPAN project. For the most part the municipal SL-reservations overlap with existing PAs, national nature conservation programmes, Natura 2000 or regional SL-reservations. So in practice only those municipal SL-reservations that do not overlap with areas mentioned above are missing from the project data. In BEAR the difference is not statistically significant.
• Areas included in the Government´s Principal Decision on Nationally
Valuable Landscapes; are not considered as PAs either nationally or according to the criteria of the CBD
• Special Landscape Management Areas established on the basis of the Nature Conservation Act; are not considered as PAs either nationally or according to the criteria of CBD
• Temporarily protected areas (10- and 20-year conservation agreements with private landowners)
• Key habitats according to the Forestry Act
• Areas under logging moratoriums and other limitations on land-use that cannot be considered as PAs according to the criteria of the CBD.
Russia:
• Suggested protected areas, not officially included in nature conservation plans on the regional or national level, if no special protection measures are established by a national or regional government, which is usually the case;
there are some examples of reservation of planned protected areas but none current in the Barents Region
37 Reports of the Finnish Environment Institute 29 | 2014
• So called first group forests and forest protective sites
• Marine areas, restricted from fishing
• All protected marine waters
• Protected areas with the primary objective of securing traditional use (so-called Areas of Traditional Nature Use)
• Logging moratoriums.
2.4