Lounais-Suomessa vähälukuisena esiintyvä laikkumittari lentää alkukesällä Harotan lehdoissa. Sen toukan ravintokasvina on tuomi

THEMUNICIPALITY OFEURA is situated in the Southern-mostpartof^Satakunta,onthe northern and^westernside of Pyhäjärvi, the biggest lakein southwestem Finland.

The^areaofthe municipalityofEura, established in 1866, is 630 square kilometres, comprising ^awaterareaof51 square kilometres. The numberofinhabitants is^nowabout¹²700.

Ofthe workingpopulationofthe municipality, 47 percent areemployed in processing Industry and 8 percent inprimary

Production.

^{Eura hasan}Industrial tradition going back^over300

years,since the Kauhua ironworks^wasestablished in 1689.

At themoment,the biggest employers are, amongothers, the municipalityofEura,^HKRuokatalo, Amcor Flexibles Finland Oy, Auramaa-yhtiöt, Jujo Thermal Oy,LoipartOy, PintosOy, Koskinen-yhtiöt, Biolan-yhtiöt,andJaakko-tuote^Oy.

Thearea of Eura has been enlarged twiceas aresultof consolidationof municipalities. At the beginning of 1970, two previouslyIndependent municipalities, Hinnerjoki and Honkilahti,wereincorporatedinto Eura. At the beginning ^of 2009,Eura and KiukainenwereConsolidated.

This book,publishedby the municipality ofEura, shows thenature,prehistory and building traditionofEura in words

and photographs.

GLORY OFTHE PAST SirpaWahlqvist

Eura is renownedforits glorious prehistory. The extensive ex-cavations^ofIron Age cemeteries and,especially,the immeasur-ably valuableprehistoricfinds ofthe Luistan ^areamake the^erä 600 -1156 AD exceptionally interesting particularly in Eura.

The whole prehistory ofEura is, however,^veryrich and, in termsofreasearch, significant. Accordingtothe registerofrelics ofthe National BoardofAntiquitiesand Historical Monuments, 152prehistoricrelics have been discoveredⁱⁿEura. Archaeolo-gists and archaeological excavations have been^afamiliarsight in summerin this region since the 19thcentury. Summers with-outanyarchaeological research have probably been^rare.

In Eura, the StoneAge isrepresentedby several dwelling sites, originallysituated ^on seashores, close totherecently detached lakes Pyhäjärvi and Koskeljärvi, andatthe mouths ofrivers. Mainly, they date backtotheyears3500^-2800BC.

StoneAgefinds areplentiful in Eura, e.g.about 550objects have beenfoundin the^areaofKiukainen. Hinnerjoki is well-known as acentreofbattleaxemaking in theStoneAge. Axes made ofthe Hinneqokidiabase have been spreadwidely throughout the dwelling sitesofthe Battle Axe culture^onthe Finnish coastbetween theyears 2500^- 2000BC.In the last

eräoftheStoneAge, during the cultureofKiukainen(2000 -1500/1300 BC),theartofagriculture^cametoFinlandfromthe west. Thisperiodinthe Finnishprehistory^wasnamed^after Kiukainen, because significant relicsfromthateräwerefound there about 100^{years ago.}

In the Bronze Age (c. 1500-500^BC), particularly Panelia village with its barrows is worth mentioning. Thereare still over ahundredofthesegravemoundsleft.Hardly anywhere else in Finland, Bronze Age barrowswere asclose together asthose in Panelia. The biggest Bronze Age barrow,asfor the numberofStones,is Kuninkaanhauta (King's Grave) in

Panelia, with the heightofabout 4^metresand the diameter ofapproximately40^metres.According^{to a}legend,^akinghas been buriedin the mound, but iPs^morelikely that the bar-row is^afamilygraveand that several dead persons have been buried there in the^courseofdecades,maybe evencenturies.

In Eura, the early Iron Age(c.500BC^- 600AD) is still^an

eräwith ratherfew finds.The Harola cemeteryin Kauhua possiblydates backtothat^erä,butonly18ofali 690 barrows have been excavated, ^so there's lihleinformation available.

Inany case,Harola is the largest barrowcemeteryinFinland.

In late Iron Age(c,600 -1150AD),the Euraregion devel-opedinto^oneofthemostprominentcentresin ali southem Finland. Lake Pyhäjärvi andRiver Eurajoki becameimportant waterways, enabling livelytrade.Magnificentobjects^were brought^tothis regionfrom far awayby tradesmen, and^even localmenmayhave joined vikingsontheir tradingjourneys.

The latterpart ofthe Iron Age, i.e. the Merovingian and the Viking Periods and theCrusade Period,was a time of real glory in the Eura region. A newmethod ofburial, inhumation,wasintroduced there, especially in Eura and in Köyliö, around theyear600 AD, while elsewhereinFinland the deceasedwere cremated until the llthcentury.In these inhumationgraves, the deceasedwereburied infestive at-tires with theirornaments,tools, and weapons. The inhuma-tion cemeteriesaresituatedonboth sidesof River Eurajoki, within the stretchofthree andahalfkilometres.

The Luistan cemeteryisone ofthe mostimportant ar-chaeological sites in Finland. Theareaofabout 0,5 hectares has been excavated in theyears 1969-1991supervisedby D Phil Pirkko-Liisa Lehtosalo-Hilander. Itcomprised more than 1300^graves,and the numberofitemsfound was enor-mous.The best-knownofthe Luistarigravesis thegrave of a ladyofrank, in whichafestively-dressed^womanwasburied inthe late Viking Period, 1020-1050^AD.The grave was sowellpreservedthat the ancient costumeofEura could be reconstructed based^onthefinds.

Käräjämäki Hill isone ofthe best-known Finnish relics.

The hillisrenownedfor acircleofStonescalledcourt Stones.

The placeis thoughtto have been^a courtvenuein ancient times. Thecourt Stonecircle is also the grave oftwo dead persons cremated atthe turn ofthe 7th century. The most magnificentprehistoric swords in Finland have beenfound onanother hill in Eura,Pappilanmäki.

RemainsofIron Age dwellings, though temporary, have beenfound onLinnavuori Hill in Kauttua, usedatthe turn ofthe Bthcentury. Thetop of a smallprehistoricfortress was encircled by ^aStonewall, still visible in the terrain.On top of the wall, there^mayhave beenfortificationsmadeoftimber.

The prehistory ofEura is best discovered in the prehis-toricinformationcentreNaurava Lohikäärme (the Laughing Dragon) and the Luistari Prehistoric Park. A^taste of life in ancient times^canbe had in the Härkänummi Viking Village orin several annualeventssuch ^asMuinaisaikaan(Wayto

Prehistory),^theViking^skillscompetition, orthe Viking^fair.

Thegift^shopofthe Laughing Dragon sellspracticalmodern productsand jewelleryinspiredby prehistory, made by local artisans. It isimportantthat the richprehistory^ofEura is^not onlyathingofthepastbut alsoaninteresting and essential part of lifeinEuraeventoday.

RUSTIC AND INDUSTRIAL EURA Liisa Nummelin

The cultural milieuofEura is characterized by Lake Pyhäjärvi, by the historical manufacture of iron and thesubsequent modern industry, byimpressivebuildings made ofunhewn Stonesattheturnof the 20thcentury,by^awide agricultural landscape, and by wealthy rustic houses. TheServices both in Eura and in Kiukainen have been distributed into several small centres at anearlystage, which has influenced the pictureofthe denselypopulatedareas.Thedifference be-tweenthesetwo centreshas beengreatestbetween Industrial Kauttua and the rusticparishvillageofEura.

Eura ispart ofthe agricultural plain ofAla-Satakunta, where therootsofagriculture extend^overthousandsof years andestateshave^along history. Thefinest examplesofrustic buildings ^-some ofthe ^most handsome ^estatesand yards in the province^-arefound aswell in theformerparish of Eura^asin Kiukainen. Many^ofthem have beenclassified as

nationally^valuable.

Jalmari

^Karhula,an influential artistin Eura, brought his^{ownartnouveaustratum}into local house building. The best-known examples of Karhula's style are the House^ofthe Youth Assosiation Euranpirtti (1908) and Karhulan talo(Karhula house, 1914)atSorkkinenvillage.

As^{part of}imperialRussia, Finland and the Finnish Soci-ety were going throughaverycriticalperiodat the end of the 19thcentury,which changed the built environmentof the countryside irrevocably. When trade becamefree inthe countryside, parishvillagesdevelopedintocentres of com-merce. Thefirstprimary schools and townhallswere built inthesamedenselypopulated placesby themunicipalities.

As the constructionofrailways progressed, completelynew station communitiesarosein Finland. Railtrafficreached Kiukainenⁱⁿ 1897 with the openingofthe initiallyprivate railway between Peipohja and Rauma. Anewprivatesection, branchingoffthat railway and leadingas far asthe shoreof LakePyhäjärvi,wasopenedin 1912^forneedsof transport of the factories in Kauttua.

In Eura, the endofthe 19thcenturyand the beginning of the 20th century^were also characterizedby ^animpressive

stratumofconstruction using unhewn^Stone. Themost handsome exampleis the "stoneCentre" ofPanelia. At the sametime,a strong wave ofbuilding housesofyouth associ-ations and community halls^{swept over} thecountry. There arestill severalsplendid examplesofthisphaseleftin Eura.

Beforethe endofthe 19thcentury,Industrial activity^was rareinthe Finnish countryside.Exceptions tothis^werethe ironworks established in the pre-industrial period. In Eura, the ironworksofKauttua^waserected closeto therapids of RiverEurajokiⁱⁿ 1689.

The industrialhistory^ofKauttua^wasseamlessly contin-uedbythe variousphases^ofconstructionofthepaper^mill, establishedⁱⁿ 1907ⁱⁿplaceofthe processing ofiron, andof thesubsequentrefinery, ^aswell ^asthe modern architecture ofAlvar Aalto and hisfellow workers in the 1930

s

and the 19405. It ^isrepresentedby the internationally well-known terracehouse,completed in 1939. Today, Kauttua is still^an active industrial locality. The ongoing manufacture ofpaper and paperproducts and the milieuofliving and agriculture

Lapinjoen yläjuoksun pienet lintukosteikot kaipaavat kunnostusta. Esimerkiksi Honkilahden Pitkäjärvi

on

nykyisellään pahasti umpeenkasvanut.

Vielä

1980-luvulla

^sen

rantoja koristivat

komeat

sarjarimpikasvustot.

138 139

Thepopulation^ofboth the grey-headedWoodpeckerand thelesserspotted Woodpeckerin the virgin lakesideforests consists ofseveral pairs. Hobbies circle above the islands, catching insects. When white-tailedeagles^{returned to the} inlandareasof SouthernFinlanddue^topersistent conserva-tion efforts, they chose Lake Koskeljärviastheirfirstnesting place.During good voleyears, eventhegreat greyowl lives in lakesideforests.

dating backtotheage ofthe ironworksoffertoday^a set-tingforversatile cultural activity andenterpriseenlivened by sounds, lights, andsteamsofthe factory.

servation.NewInformation onriverside natureisproducedby charting the^floraand theavifauna. Hugeplansarealso under way^{to restore}River Eurajoki^forsalmonidstorise in thefuture.

Foran uncompromising naturelover, the riverunfolds first and foremostthrough itsfauna andflora. River

Eura-jokiis probably the best winteringplacein the province of Satakunta forbirds needing open^{water, Sustained}by feed-ing, 250-300 mallards liveonthe river each winter. Among them, thereare afewgoldeneyesstaying through the winter, occasionally alsoateal,awigeon, and^agoosander. Asa spe-ciality,^alsoalittle grebestays onthe rivereverywinter, anda lucky birdwatchermaysometimes, using his binoculars, ob-serve anemeraldkingfisher perching^{on a}frosty branchof a willow. It is alsoquiteanexperiencetowatchadipperdiving while thetemperatureistwentydegrees belowzero.

A^morerusticstratum ofthe Industrial milieu^ofculture is represented byseveral mills madeof timberontherapids of the riversEurajokiandKöyliönjoki, espedally theuniqueand skilfully restored Panelia millfromthe middleofthe 19th cen-turyand,next toit, thecooperativedairycompletedin 1908.

Eura, unitedfrom severalparishes, boastsa fineselection ofwooden churches constructed by^folk builders. Onthe other hand, the church^ofEura (1898), designed by the archi-tect

Josef

Stenbäck, and theprayerhouse ^{ofPanelia(1909),} designed by thecontractorOskarSalonen, teliusabout the national romantic trends characterized by ^{use of} unhewn Stonetypical of the region. Perhaps themost outstanding clergyman's houseoftheprovinceis the handsomeEmpire style vicarageofEura, built in 1843.

The mammal speciesof the Koskeljärvi ^{Natura area are} represented by,^amongothers, the flyingsquirrel,the otter, and thewolf.^Themostconspicuousofthe insectsofthearea aredragonflies.^{Abouthalf ofthe good}fifty dragonfly spe-cies in FinlandareobservedonLake Koskeljärvi, e,g,the lily-padwhiteface (Leucorrhinia caudalis), the darkwhiteface (Leucorrhinia albifrons), and theyellow-spotted^whiteface (Leucorrhiniapectoralis),^aliofwhich have become consider-ably^rarerelsewhere inEurope.

Themostbeautiful dragonfliesin Finland, the banded de-moiselle(Calopteryxsplendens) and thebeautiful demoiselle (Calopteryx virgo),flutter overthe river ^onsunnysummer's

days.

Changes in the Society and in thestyle^ofliving^{have also} beenreflectedin the built environmentofEura. Concentra-tionoftrade has ledtothe witheringofoldcentresof popu-lation andtodevelopingnewcentresofteninthe middleof fields, previously unbuilt. Many old Industrialplants have gonethrough thesamedevelopment.

Jewels

^{ofpeatlandnaturein Eura are}Isosuo in the village ofLellainen in Honkilahti Vuohensuo and Kortesuo, included in the Natura^areaofKoskeljärvi, and Kakkeriasuo in Panelia, alreadyprotected ^forlong, duetothe mire conservation pro-gramme.

The conservational^statusofEurajoki has also been raised by the endangeredotterestablished in the^{fauna of}the riverside.

Among the birdspeciesofthe mires^aree.g,the red-throat-ed diver, theosprey,thegoldenplover,and theyellowwagtail, andamongthe insectspeciesis the freja fritillary (Boloria freja).

WATERFOWLHABITATS, MIRES, GROVES, AND PRIMEVAL STANDS OF SPRUCE

In the worldof globalization, maintaining Industrial environments^{cannotbe takenfor} granted^anymore.The strengths ^ofthe cultural milieu in Eura^- the andent agri-culturallandscape,the varied natural environment, the long Industrial history, and thesplendidtraditionof folk building

-are still goingstrong.

At the endofthe 19905, the Finnishgovernmentbought an areaof70 hectaresofthe Harolagroves,situated^onthe northern shoreofLake Pyhäjärvi,for conservation. The en-tirety made up by luxuriantlakeside^grovesandpineforests isnot only ^apriceless ^{pieceof nature} butalso ^{one of}the mostsignificant ^areasofprehistoricrelics in thecountry.The pridesofthe inhabitantsofEura, theversatile^{natureand rich} prehistory, areexcellently combined there.

Tuomo Hurme

The strengthsofnaturein Eura lie in lakes, mires, andforests.

Among natural sdentists and ^naturelovers, Eura is known particularly^for the internationally valued lakes, Pyhäjärvi and Koskeljärvi. In addition ^to them, thereare also many otherwaterfowlhabitatswith^provincialand local signifi-cance.As therearealso imposing mires,^someofthefinest groves oftheprovince, and^{even a}piece ^ofprimevalforest within the bordersof the municipality, it is clear that the Spectrum ofplants, birds, mammals, and insects livingⁱⁿ those habitats is^awesome.

THE VALUE OF THE RIVER RETURNED Tuomo Hurme

The Metsola standofspruce,preserved _{in early}

1980 s

^by

the municipality^ofEura, isa fineexampleof avirgin^forestin the middleofefficientlytendedproduction^{forests. The value}

ofthe protected^area,nearly20 hectares in size, rises ^asthe treesgetolder and the numberof^deadstanding^treesand

the downfallen rottenonesincreases.

ThewatersofLake Pyhäjärvi^arecarriedtothe BothnianSea

throughthe northernparts ofEura by River Eurajoki. Along theway, thestamp ofculture isleft onthewater. It^canbe sensed^evenwithin^afewkilometresfromthe startingpoint, the mouth ofthe^river in Kauhua, where the wateris still translucently clear.

LakeKoskeljärvi with its immediate surroundings is the mostsignificant^ohjeetofconservation in Eura. Thelarge wil-derness lake with its^numerousislands is^morethanrare in southwestem Finland, because its wooded shores have been sparedfrom holiday cabins. The^more than 1800 hectares ofthe Koskeljärvi Natura^areaalsocompriseanother smaller bird lake andtwomires.

Dueto national conservation programmes, toland pur-chases made by the environment institute, and to sponta-neousconservation decisions ^oflandowners,theimportant

nature sites ^ofEura^{are pretty}wellprotected.A^few things arestilltobe done, however^-and thereare plans in the air.

In theeräofthe Industrialway öflife, River Eurajoki bentto the willofpeople.While the river had earlier been discreetly usedfor floating timber, fishing, ^orpearlfishing, strangled by the rising standardofliving it^was harnessedfor power production, cleaned out, and made^{a sewer}by^ourfeast of consumption,blindly exploiting the natural^resources.

It would bepossibleto createanationallyuniquechainof restored waterfowlhabitats, situated closetoeach other, by restoring^somesmall lakes around Koskeljärvi, This kindof net-workof waterfowl habitats could make upanentiretyof a nationalparkstandard^- atleast combined withnearby^mires

and forests.

The National BoardofForestry, administering theprotected area,has, in collaboration with localpeople,drawn up^apian for the management andoperation respecting nature,

safe-guarding the natural values and offering the hiker^achanceto enjoylifein wilderness ^onthe shoresof asouthwestem lake, situated in the heartof adenselypopulatedpart ofFinland.

Although problems in the sewage treatmentplant orin thepipe System leading^from the factory^{to the treatment} plant still, occasionally and temporarily, bring in undesir-able substances, the general attitude towards the river has changed completely. A^fineproofofthis is the project 'Joki-varressa' ('By the River') administered by the Pyhäjärvi In-stitute and subsidized by the EU, started in 2009. Included in the project ^are also River Köyliönjoki, joining Eurajoki^at Köylypolvi,Kiukainen, and River Lapinjoki, having itssourcein Lake Koskeljärvi. Themain goalofthe project is^tomake local inhabitants active in theprotection ^ofwaters.The inhabitants areoffered advice andhelp_in mattersconceming^water

con-Theuniform,sparsely populated^{wildernessareacontinues}

fromLakeKoskeljärvi beyond^{theprovincial border,to the} close-lying Vaskijärvi Nature Reserve and Kurjenrahka Na-tional Park. Here, the following generationsaremet witha challengingfield ofworkfor planning^nature conservation.

How will^wesucceed in preserving thepriceless ^nature of

How will^wesucceed in preserving thepriceless ^nature of

In document Eura : välähdyksiä luonnosta, historiasta ja kulttuurista · DIGI (sivua 71-74)