Long-term temporal variation (Al.)

AC 0 0

DC DC 00

TF TF 00

SF 00 SF

SW SW 00

GW 01 06 88 12 8905

GW ^• RWR 01 11 8811 8909

RWR ;z

NC 00

NC LF 00

LF SC 00

SC -r r

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 1 .2 Long-term temporal variation (Al

^,o_i⁾

In this section, time series of monthly fluxes of aluminium expressed as regv/(m2 °month) are shown for the IM area Hietajärvi (FI03).

1 1 .3 Mass balances

Aluminium leaches from everyarea where measured.

The highest losses are calculated for areas with the most acidic deposition in southernmost Scandinavia.

Al 1988-89, scale unit l0 rng/m2 ®a

Al 1989-90, scale unit 10 mg/m2oa

CHAPTER 12 Tree stands

12.1 State and effect variables

Nemoral Region

spatial frequency

So far only records from Poland is available. The

dominating free in Gardliczno (PL02) is Scot's pine year and in Lekuk (PL01) oak. The pines of Gardliczno

show both high defoliation and discoloration. subprogr.

i medium

COVERAGE DISCOLOR DEFOLIATION VITALITY TREE HEIGHT M STEM DIAM CM

2 90 AR PINU SYL 2 90 AR PINU SYL

0 20 40 60 80 100

COVERAGE DISCOLOR DEFOLIATION VITALITY TREE HEIGHT M STEM DIAM CM

1 88 AR QUER ROB 1 88 AR QUER ROB

0 20 40 60 80 100

Montaneous Central Boreonemoral Ecotone

Only data from Forellenbach (DE01)

is

available Norwegian spruce dominates in the monitoring where the dominating tree species is beech, however areas of Birkenes (NOO 1 ), Berg (SE02) and Tiveden with a very varying coverage in different parts of the (SE01 ). Defoliation is highest at Berg and lowest at drainage. The defoliation ranges between 20-40% Birkenes. In Berg some 30% of the stand is dead. The and the discoloration between 10-20%. On the lichen index, PSI (cf. Bråkenhielm in ASR 1, 1990) is average 10% of the trees are dead. In Jezeri (CS03) also low at Berg.

considerable forest-die back occurs, although no data is available.

COVERAGE DISCOLOR DEFOLIATION VITALITY TREE HEIGHT M STEM DIAM CM PSI

0 20 40 60 80 100

590 FAGU SYL 990 FAGU SYL 990 FAGU SYL 590 FAGU SYL 590 FAGU SYL 590 FAGU SYL

COVERAGE DISCOLOR DEFOLIATION VITALITY TREE HEIGHT M STEM DIAM CM PSI

1 86 AR Pi ABAB 1 90 AR PI ABAB 1 90 AR PI ABAB

1 86 AR PI AB.AB 1 86 AR PI ABAB

0 20 40 60 80 100

K

--rr

COVERAGE %

5

E02

DISCOLOR %

1 90 AR PILE AB!

DEFOLIATION % " '

1 90 AR PILE ABI VITALITY %

TREE HEIGHT M ~u STEM DIAM CM

PSI

1 87 TR PICE AB!

1 87 TR PICE AB!

1 87 TR PICE AB!

1 88 EP PINU SYL 0 20 40 60 80 100

1 90 AR PICE AR!

1 90 AR PICE ABI 1 89 TR PICE AR!

1 89 TR PICE AB!

1 89 TR PICE AB!

1 87 EP PINU ^SYL

Boreal Region

Dominating species are either Norwegian spruce trees are higher. PSI-values are high in the north, in (FI01, SE03) or Scot's pine (NO02, F103, F104, particular along the Finnish/Carelian border but except in F105 -where Betula pubescens tortuosa has drop towards the Arctic (FI05, SU 16).

a wider areal coverage). Defoliation is highest in Pesosjärvi (50%), but the stand is still vital and the PSI

Forest Steppe - Submediterranean Ecotone is very high, > 250. The highest discoloration is

found in Reivo (SE03) where the portion of dead

No data exist.

20 40 60 80 100 COVERAGE %

DISCOLOR % DEFOLIATION % VITALITY % TREE HEIGHT M STEM DIAM CM PSI

0

1 88AR P!CEAB!

1 89 AR PICE AB!

2 90 TR P!CE AB!

2 90 TR PICE ABI 2 90 TR PICE AB!

I 8<4 EP PINU SYL COVERAGE %

DISCOLOR %

. 5 90 AR PICE AB!

DEFOLIATION %

iU1

⁵ 90 AR PICE AB!

.. ^'2.:.

uI!

VITALflY ^0/ _{¼ \$}

i i ^l

7 87 TR PICE AB!

TREE HEIGHT M 7 87 TR PICE AB!

STEM DIAM CM

ILIL_

^I 7 87 TR PICE AB!

PS! 2 88 EP P!NU SYL

0 20 40 60 80 100

COVERAGE % DISCOLOR % DEFOLIATION % VITALITY % TREE HEIGHT M STEM DIAM CM PSI

` -k

•/ -

0 20 40 60 80 100

1 8,9 AR PINU SYL 1 90 AR PINU SYL I 90 AR PINUSYL

1 89AR PINUSYL

COVERAGE % FO3

-

T

^{i i}

DISCOLOR %

. . . 6 90 AR PINU SYL

DEFOLIATION %

1....:.: J

^{• . . 6 90 AR PINU SYL}

VITAL/fl' % '! 6 88 TR PINU SYL

TREE HEIGHT M 6 88 TR PINU SYL

STEM DIAM CM

I

^{6 88 TR PINU SYL}

PSI ^{90 EP} PINU SYL

0 20 40 60 80 100

F104

I

S\'\

I1

0 100 200 300

5 90 AR PICE AR/

5 90 AR PICEARI 5 89TR PICE ABI 5 89 TR PICE ABI 5 89TR PICE AB/

4 89 EP PINU SYL COVERAGE %

DISCOLOR % DEFOLIATION %

VITALITY TREE HE!GHTM STEM DIAM CM PSI

COVERAGE DISCOLOR DEFOLIATION %

VITALITY TREE HEIGHT M STEM DIAM CM PSI

01

0 20 40 60 80 100

2 90 AR PINUSYL 2 90 AR PINUSYL 3 88 TR PINU SYL 3 88 TR PINU SYL 3 88 TR PINU SYL 2 89 EP PINU SYL

20 40 60 80 100 COVERAGE

DISCOLOR DEFOLIATION VITALITY TREE HEIGHT M STEM DIAM CM PSI

0

1 90 TR PINU PAL 1 90 TR PINU PAL 1 90 TR PINU PAL

COVERAGE DISCOLOR % DEFOLIATION % VITALITY % TREE HEIGHT M STEM DIA/vl CM

1 90 TR ABIE NOR 1 90 TR ABIE NOR 1 90 TR ABIE NOR COVERAGE %

DISCOLOR DEFOLIATION VITALITY % TREE HEIGHT M STEM DIAM CM PSI

S

8o

2 89 EP PINU SYL 0 20 40 60 80 100

Nemoral and Montaneous East

Few data exist. In Karadag (SU17) on the Crimean nordmanniana has a relatively low vitality and a low peninsula the vitality ofPinuspalustrisisverylowand PSI-value (35).

in the Juga Massif of Caucasus (SU05) Abios

12.2 Long-term variation

Two time-series of changes in defoliation are presented. The available data are too scarce for making any conclusions.

defoliation

No01 Picea abies

25

20 ...

15 W

...

10

5 r~—imi— r— —r—,—s-

85 86 87 88 89 90 91

defoliation

SE01 Picea able:

25 20 15

10 5

86 87 88 89 90 91

CHAPTER 13

where mosses have the largest coverage but also a high patchiness. The lichen coverage is insignificant.

Herbaceous plants dominate over shrubs and dwarf-shrubs. The herbs also have a high fertility. Shrub

U nderstorey vegetal ion

species are few but frequent.

13.1 Stale and effect variables

Boreonemoral Ecotone

Data is still sparse, mainly from Norden. Data exist only for Berg (SE02) and Tiveden (SEO1).

In both areas mosses predominate the coverage.

Nemoral Region Lichens are few and insignificant in coverage. The

No data exist. spatial frequensy

Montaneous Central _year

Data has been collected only for Forellenbach (DE01) , medium

COVE OF B4'S COVE OF M2'S %

COVE OF L2'S COVE OF GRAM SPEC%

COVE OF SHRUBS FERTILITY FREQ OF GRAM SPEC%

FREQ OF SHRUBS FREQ OF L2'S

2 90 2 90

2 90 2 90

2 90 DICR SCP 2 90 DESC FLE 2 90 VACC MYR

0 20 40 60 80

COVE OF B4'S COVE OF M2'S COVE OF L2'S COVE OF GRAM SPEC%

COVE OF SHRUBS FERTILITY FREQ OF GRAM SPEC%

FREQ OF SHRUBS FREQ OF L2'S

graminaceous coverage are quite similar for both areas. Shrubs and dwarf-shrubs dominate the plant coverage in Tiveden and the dominating species is also very frequent. In Berg the frequency of the dominating grass exceeds the frequency of the dominating dwarf-shrub.

Boreal Region

Data is available for the Finnish areas and for Reivo (SE03). Except for Valkeakotinen (FI01) mosses have a larger coverage than higher plants. The lichen coverage is insignificant except for Vuoskojärvi

(F105). Most plants are shrubs or dwarf-shrubs and the dominating species also have a high frequency (not in Pesosjärvi, F104). The grass-coverage is usually low, in some areas mainly comprising 1-2 species which however are frequent. The highest fertility values are recorded in Hietajärvi (F103), otherwise they are very low.

Montaneous East

Herbaceous species dominates over grass; the grass-species are however frequent.

COVE OF M'S %

3 90 3 90

3 90 3 90

2 90 VACC M YR 3 90CALAARU 3 90 VACC MYR

V10 y

60 80 100

20 40

COVE OF 84'S

% N O

COVE OF M2'S % COVE OF L2'S % COVE OF GRAM SPEC%

COVE OF SHRUBS % FERTILITY % FREQ OF GRAM SPEC%

FREQ OF SHRUBS %

FREQ OF L2'S % J , 1 89

0 20 40 60 80 100

COVE OF B4'S % COVE OF M2'S % COVE OF L2'S % COVE OF GRAM SPEC%

COVE OF SHRUBS % FERTILITY % FREQ OF GRAM SPEC%

FREQ OF SHRUBS % FREQ OF L2'S %

0

COVE OF B4'S % COVE OF M2'S % COVE OF L2'S % COVE OF GRAM SPEC%

II

COVE OF SHRUBS % FERTILITY % FREQ OF GRAM SPEC%

FREQ OF SHRUBS % FREQ OF L2'S % j

0

3 90 3 90 3 90 3 90 3 90

2 90 PLEU SCH 3 90 ERIO VAG 3 90 VACC MYR 3 90

20 40 60 80 100

20 40 60 80 100

COVE OF B4'S % COVE OF M2'S % COVE OF L2'S % COVE OF GRAM SPEC%

COVE OF SHRUBS % FERTILITY % FREQ OF GRAM SPEC%

FREQ OF SHRUBS % FREQ OF L2'S %

5(105

^{1 90}

1 90 MILT SCH

0 20 40 60 80 100

13.2 Long-term variation

Some time-series are shown for three Swedish areas.

Both declining trends as sudden changes can be seen. As to what extent these are objective/subjective must be determined by later detailed evaluation.

Coverage % of vascular plants SEO 1 100

80 ...

60 ... ...

40 ...ID... 9... o... ... ...

20 ...

0

80 82 84 86 88 90

Coverage % of vascular plants

SE02 100

80 60 40 20

5E02

0+-

80 82

84 86 88

90 92

Coverage % of vascular plants

SE03 100 ...

80 ...

60

...

40 &' 20

0

82 84 86 88

90 92

Coverage

% of shrubs

SE01 100

80 60 40 20

0 - - - 'imi.. - -

^{r- - - T r}

80 82

811 86 88 90

Coverage % of shrubs

SE03

100

...

80

...

60

...

40

- - 3.

20 0-

82 84 86 88 90 92

Coverage % of grarrunaceous species 100

80 60-

40•

20

0 —

80 82 84

SEO I

86 88 90

Coverage % of graminaceous species 100•

80 ...I...

60 ...

40 ...

20 ...

0 1~--~~—f--r

80 82 84 86

SE02

88 90 92

Coverage % of grain inaceous species

100- - -

80= ...

60-_..

40

20

I- 1.. -[ -

82 84 86

SE03

88 90 92

Coverage % of mosses

SE01

100-- -- - - - -

w _ ..._..._...._.._...._ ... ... ...

80

60

40a ...

20 ...

80 82 84 86 88 90

Coverage % of mosses

SE02 100

80 ... ...

60 ... ... ...

40 ... ...

o

... r~... ...~...

20 . ...

0 i .. -r - -.. -T_ i-

-r -~.- _1 = ' -

80 82 84 86 88 90 92

Coverage % of mosses 100

80= ;)

60• 40

20

0 ^V— — T

82 84 86 Coverage % of epigaeic lichens

100 80 60

40

20

0

80 82 84 Coverage % of epigaeic lichens

100 80

60

40

20

0

80 82 84 Coverage % of epigaeic lichens

100 80 60

40

SE03

88 90 92 SEO 1

86 88 90

5E02

86 88 90 SE03

ANNEX

Programme activity report

t~ cSU

r= ,

ICOI 1 ara

SUO,

Siting of areas

IM - National Focal Centres

Austria,

Federal Environmental Agency

Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Ontario

Czech (i#0 Slovak Federal cepr3hl c,

Geological Survey,

Praha Deamw'Ic,

Environmental

Research

Institute, Copenhagen

Finland,

Environment

Dala

Centre, Helsinki

Genii w y',Umweltsbundesamt, Pilotstation ,Frankfurt

Hungaay,

Water Resource Research Institute, Budapest

Iceland

Agricultural Research Institute, Reykjavik

Netherlands,

Institute for Public Health and Env. Protection, Bilihoven

Norway,

^Air

Research

Institute, Lilleström

Poland,

Environmental Protection Institute, Warszawa Portugn i, Dir. Geral da Qualidade do Ambiente, Lisboa

Soviet Union, Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Moscow

Swede.,

Environmental Protection Agency, Uppsala

SwflxcrIraar

Federal Institute for Forest,

Snow

and Landscape Research United Ki,igdn, Institute of Hydrology, Oxon

Oijifed S k+te:.5, Environment Protection Agency, N Carolina

Jl !t~

cT ^I

^qa

Y ~ CA

-

O

Monitoring and data reporting

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