• Ei tuloksia

Ahmed, A.S., Duellmann, S. 2007. Accounting conservatism and board of director characteristics:

An empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 43, 411^137.

Beasley, M.S. 1996. An Empirical Analysis of the Relation Between the Board of Director Composition and Financial Statement Fraud. The Accounting Review. 71,4, 443^165.

Bhojraj, S., Lee, C.M.C., Oler, D.K. 2003. What’s My Line? A Comparison of Industry Classification Schemes for Capital Market Research. 41,5, 745-774.

Blau, P.M. 1977. Inequality and Heterogeneity: A Primitive Theory of Social Structure. Free Press.

New York.

Byrd, J., Hickman, K. 1992. Do outside directors monitor managers? Journal of Financial Economics. 32, 195-221.

Cadbury, A. 1999. What are the Trends in Corporate Governance? How Will They Impact Your Company. Long Range Planning. 32, 12-19.

Cadbury, A. 2002. Corporate Governance and Chairmanship. A Personal View. Oxford University Press.

Carter, D.A., Simkins, B. J., Simpson W. G. 2003. Corporate Governance, Board Diversity, and Firm Value. The Financial Review. 38, 33-53.

Cochran, P.L., Wartick, S.L., Wood, R.A. 1984. The Average Age of Boards and Financial Performance. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics. 23, 4, 57-63.

Cox, T.H., Blake, S. 1991. Managing Cultural Diversity: Implications for Organizational Competitiveness. Academy of Management Executive. 5, 3, 45-56.

Dalton, D.R., Daily, C.M., Ellstrand, A.E., Johnson, J.L. 1998. Meta-analytic Reviews of Board Composition, Leadership Structure and Financial Performance. Strategic Management Journal.

19, 269-290.

Dehaene, A., De Vuyst, V., Ooghe, H. 2001. Corporate Performance and Board Structure in Belgian Companies. Long Range Planning. 34, 383-398.

Demb, A., Neubauer, F.-F. 1992. The Corporate Board: Confronting the Paradoxes. Oxford University Press. New York.

Dulewicz, V., Herbert, P. 2004. Does the Composition and Practice of Boards of Directors Bear Any Relationship to the Performance of their Companies? Corporate Governance - An

International Review. July 12, 3, 263-280.

Du Rietz, A., Henrekson, M. 2000. Testing the Female Underperformance Hypothesis. Small Business Economics. 14, 1, 1-10.

ECGI, European Corporate Governance Institute, http://www.ecgi.org/codes/all codes.php.

19.12,2007-21.12.2007

EFPIA. The European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations. 2007.

The Pharmaceutical Industry in Figures, Key Data 2007.

http://212.3.246.100/Obiects/2/Files/infigures20Q7.pdf. 9.11.2007

Erhardt, N.L., Werbel, J.D., Shrader, C. B. 2003. Board of Director Diversity and Firm Financial Performance. Corporate Governance. 11,2, April, 102-111.

Fama, E.F. 1980. Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm. Journal of Political Economy. 88, 288-307.

Fama, E.F., Jensen M.C. 1983. Separation of Ownership and Control. Journal of Law and Economics. 26, 301-325.

Färber, D. 2005. Restoring Trust after Fraud: Does Corporate Governance Matter? The Accounting Review. 80, 2, 539-561.

Fondas, N., Sassalos, S. 2000. A different Voice in the Boardroom: Flow the Presence of Women Directors Affects Board Influence over Management. Global Focus, 12, 13-22

Haapanen, M., Lainema, M., Lehtinen, L., Lähdesmäki, T. 2002. Hallitus, omistajan asialla - johdon tukena. WSOY. Helsinki.

Halla, L, Hätinen, R., Grönfors-Kallio, A., Malm S., Kaisanlahti, T., Kontula, L., Väisänen, H.

2003. Corporate governance Suomessa. KPMG. EDITA Publishing. Helsinki.

Hambrick, D.C., Cho, T.S., Chen, M. 1996. The influence of Top Management Team Heterogeneity on Firm ’s Competitive Moves. Administrative Science Quarterly. 41, 659-684.

Helsingin Sanomat 30.12.2005. EK:n Taxell: Naisten osuuden kasvu on hyvä, mutta kiintiölaki olisi huono. B9.

Hill, C.W., Snell, S.A. 1988. External control, corporate strategy, and firm performance in research intensive industries. Strategic Management Journal. 9, 577-590.

Hirschey, M., Weygandt, J. 1985. Amortization Policy for Advertising and Research and Development Expenditures. Journal of Accounting Research. 23, 1, Spring, 326-335.

Hirvonen, A., Niskakangas H., Steiner M.-L. 2003. Corporate governance. Hyvä omistajaohjaus ja hallitustyöskentely. WSOY. Helsinki.

Hirvonen, A., Niskakangas, H., Wahlroos, J. 1998. Hyvä hallitustyöskentely. WSOY. Juva.

Hossain, M., Prévost, A.K., Rao, R.P. 2001. Corporate Governance in New Zealand: The effect of the 1993 Companies Act on the relation between board composition and firm performance.

Pacific-Basin Finance Journal. 9, 119-145.

Hung, H. 1998. A Typology of the Theories of the Roles of Governing Boards. Corporate Governance - An International Review. 6, 101-111.

IBM. 2002. Pharma 2010: The Threshold of Innovation, http://tld.www-

03.cacheibm.com/industries/healthcare/doc/content/bin/2010exec launch 20thNov02.pdf.

8.11.2007

Jensen, M.C., Meckling, W.H. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial Behaviour, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics. 3, October, 305-360.

Kesner, L.F. 1987. Directors’ stock ownership and organizational performance: An investigation of Fortune 500 companies. Journal of Management. 13, 499-508.

Klein, A. 2002. Audit committee, board of director characteristics and earnings management.

Journal of Accounting & Economics. 33, 375^100.

Lev, B., Sougiannis, T. 1996. The capitalization, amortization, and value-relevance of R&D.

Journal of Accounting and Economics. 21, 107-138.

Ling, S.C. 1990. The Effects of Group Cultural Composition and Cultural Attitudes on Performance. The University of Western Ontario.

Maznevski, M.L. 1994. Understanding our differences: Performance in decision-making groups with diverse members. Human Relations. 47, 5.

Milliken, F.J., Martins, L.L. 1996. Searching for Common Threads: Understanding the Multiple Effects of Diversity in Organizational Groups. Academy of Management Review. 21,2, 402-433.

Murray, АЛ. 1989. Top Management Group Heterogeneity and Firm Performance. Strategic Management Journal. 10, 125-141.

Ng, R. 2004. Drugs —from discovery to approval. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey.

Nemeth, CJ. 1986. Differential Contributions of Majority and Minority Influence. Psychological Review. 93, 23-32.

Pearce, J.A., Zahra, S.A. 1992. Board Composition from a Strategic Contingency Perspective.

Journal of Management Studies. 29, 4 July, 411-437.

Pfeffer, J. 1972. Size and Composition of Corporate Board of Directors: The Organisation and its Environment. Administrative Science Quarterly. 17, 218-229.

PhRMA. 2007. Pharmaceutical industry profile 2007.

http://www.phrma.org/files/Profile%202007.pdf. 8.11.2007

PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2007. Pharma 2020: The vision. Which path will you take?

http://www.pwc.com/Extweb/onlineforms.nsf/docid/FF67E81D9B77C916852572F200628F3B?op endocument. 8.11.2007

Provan, J.G. 1980. Board Power and Organisational Effectiveness among Human Service Agencies. Academy of Management Journal. 23, 221-236.

Ramezani, C., Soenen, L., Jung, A. 2002. Growth, Corporate Profitability and Value Creation.

Financial Analysts Journal. Nov/Dec, 58, 6, 56-67.

Richard, O.C. 2000. Racial Diversity, Business Strategy, and Firm Performance: A Resource- Based View. Academy of Management Journal. Apr 2000, 43, 2, 164-177.

Robinson, G., Dechant, К. 1997. Building a Business Case for Diversity. Academy of Management Executive. 11, 3, 21-31.

Rose, C. 2004. Bestyrelsessammensætning og finansiel performance i danske børsnoterde virksomheder - Er Nørby Rapportens anbefalingen til gavn for aktionærerne? WP 2004-2, Institut for Finansiering, Handelshøjskolen i København.

Rosener, J.B. 1995. America’s Competitive Secret: Utilizing Women as a Management Strategy.

Oxford University Press. New York.

Shellenger, M.H., Wood, D., Tashakori, A. 1989. Board of directors composition, shareholder wealth, and dividend policy. Journal of Management. 15, 457^467.

Shleifer, A., Vishny, R.W. 1997. A Survey of Corporate Governance. The Journal of Finance. 2, 737-783.

Shrader, C.B., Blackburn, V.B., lies, P. 1997. Women in Management and Firm Financial Performance: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Managerial Issues, 3, 355-372

Shultz, S.F. 2001. The Board Book: Making Your Corporate Board a Strategic Force in Your Company’s Success. Amacom. American Management Association. New York.

Smith, K.G., Smith, K.A., Olian, J.D., Sims, H.P., O’Bannon, D.P., Scully, J.A. 1994. Top Management Team Demography and Process: The Role of Social Integration and Communication.

Administrative Science Quarterly. Sep 1994, 39, 3, 412^438.

Smith, N., Smith, V., Verner, M. 2006. Do Women in Top Management Affect Firm Performance?

A Panel Study of 2,500 Danish Firms. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. Vol 55, 7, 569-593.

Stanwick, P.A., Stan wick, S. D. 2002. The Relationship between Corporate Governance and Financial Performance. Journal of Corporate Citizenship. 35-48.

Suomela, E., Wahlroos, J., Svinhufvud, K. 2002. Hallituksen Agenda. Käytännön ohjeita tehokkaaseen hallitustyöskentelyyn. PricewaterhouseCoopers 2002.

Timonen, Pekka. 1999. Johdatus Suomen oikeusjärjestelmään 1. Lakimiesliiton kustannus.

Helsinki.

Tricker, R.I. 1984. Corporate Governance. Gower Publishing Company Limited. Aldershot.

Vafeas, N., Theodorou, E. 1998. The Relationship between Board Structure and Firm Performance in the UK. British Accounting Review. Vol. 30, 383-407.

Vance S.C. 1983. Corporate Leadership. McGraw-Hill. New York.

Vinten, G. 1998. Corporate Governance: An International State of the Art. Management Auditing Journal. 13, 7, 419-431.

Westphal, J.D., Fredrickson J. 2001. Who Directs Strategic Change? Director Experience, the Selection of New CEOs and Change in Corporate Strategy. Strategic Management Journal. 22,

1113-1137.

Wild, J.J., Subramanyam, K.R., Halsey, R.F. 2004. Financial Statement Analysis. MA: McGraw- Hill. Boston.

Yermack, D. 1996. Higher market valuation of companies with a small board of directors. Journal of Financial Economics. 40, 185-211.

Liitteet