This dissertation explored social sustainability from a rather novel approach: micro-level business cases, which were studied in depth and then analysed in terms of links to the macro concept of social sustainability. This enigmatic concept of social sustainability was studied through practical business cases, like cellulose insulation or small hydropower, social enterprises and numerous frugal innovations, enhancing understanding of how these micro and small businesses or innovations can be instrumental in promoting social sustainability. Even small steps have the potential to make marked contributions to the overarching goal of social sustainability.
The findings generated some interesting possible opportunities for future research. First of all, this dissertation either focussed on the application of Finnish technologies in an Indian context or the study of Finnish and Indian micro and/or small businesses and their role in generating social sustainability. Future studies could focus on contexts other than Finland and India. One particularly fruitful avenue would be to study the role of social enterprises in social sustainability in other countries and then compare the results to Finnish social enterprises (Case III). Comparing and contrasting findings from different parts of the world would make it possible to achieve a holistic perspective and gain an enriched understanding of this concept.
This study was challenging in that the topic has not received much attention, and existing indicators for measuring the social sustainability of micro and small-scale businesses or innovations were limited. Measuring social sustainability was difficult: for the most part, the researcher devised new indicators based on the three pillars of sustainability. In future studies, it could be interesting to study this relationship using different indicators and instruments. According to recent research, impact assessment tools (Best and Harji, 2016;
So and Staskevicius, 2016) have proven quite useful in assessing the social impact of business models and projects, making them an attractive and intriguing alternative in future study.
In this dissertation, the researcher relied primarily on qualitative methods; future research could be conducted on a much larger scale by employing quantitative methods. This may be useful when attempting to generalise findings and conducting research in a value-free
way where the researcher is independent of the data, which may lead to more objective results (Saunders et al., 2009). The present study explored the topic through in-depth cases, which was important to understanding the relationship of this little-researched field. However, it did not approach the whole population or even a considerable sample of the micro and small businesses in India or Finland. Future studies could target a bigger sample through quantitative methods. Lastly, it would be interesting to study the contribution of multinational companies to social sustainability specifically.
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