! " #$%
# $ & '( ) % * + ,$ +'
-
&
./ 01231454
67
89:;<
7=
; >
? @
><8A; 7
: BCD 7=
C
7E FGHG I
>J KKK
E LMNOPQ
K Q
K R>
7=S
AA E L
D
=T
9
=U
VWXYVXZ[\]
^_`
W\YY] ab
c defghijkflhe
mn opqr stsuv wu wqxx rpyvoxz svuruno opu u{suvqun|ur tn} ~uuxqnr y~ opu ro}unor y~ svyxu
tru} |yvru yn opuyvz y~ |ysotoqyn qn ustvouno y~ ysouv |qun|unquv
rqoz y~ yunr pu }uotqxu} }ur|vqsoqyn y~ opu |yvru |tn u ~yn} qn t txtqnun
mn opqr stsuv opu usptrqr qr pyw opu ro}unor utxtou} opuqv ywn xutvnqn vuu|ou} opu
opqnr tn} t} rou} oy opqr nuw rzrou u rptxx stvoxz vuu|o opu u{ovt|or otun ~vy
ro}unor xutvnqn }qtvqur ttqnro qunrqynr qn utvnuv {suvqun|u ~vtuwyv z tqn
t}un
mpt}txryt svqqxuuoytooun} opu |yvruzrux~ tn}m|tnrtz opto mu{suvqun|u}tyvnuz
y~ z xq~uoqu vutv}xurr y~ opu ~t|o opto m }q}no vut|p z ytxr ywuuv m |tn yqn opu
tvunor svurunou} u y|pz uo tx qn opuqv uotxuux utxtoqyn y~ opu ruxu|ou}
uopy} usqvq|tx ro}qur opto m }y vuuuv opu opqnr uoouv ryu y~ opu ~yv z
xq~u yw |yx}zy~yvuou sxtzqnopuntxrotouy~ vqnt|pqnuqn}untzuvrzrour
wu qnuroqtou} rqn opu vo {pqqoqyn yv zyv vro toytoyn¡
¢ £¤¥ ¦g§¨¥©hgª
mn opqr |ptsouv wu wqxx uo t|«tqnou} wqop t nyux xutvnqn ~vtuwyv svurunou} z tqn
t}un ¬®¯° u rptxx tu tn yuvquw tyo opu rov|ovu tn} opu ~y|r y~ opu
~vtuwyv y~ qunrqynr y~ utvnuv {suvqun|u mo qr rovynxz qxo yn F
:>±
T7
<
I
9 S7U
²7
9:
=
D
=³ ´FI²µ oy rssyvo tn} usptrq¶u qor n}uvuroqtou} utnqn tn} opu uopy}xutnr
yn |ynrov|oqqroq| trqr
mn ro}unor tvusvyq}u} wqopsvt|oq|txsvyxuropto qn}|u opu xutvnqn mo |ynrqror
y~xutvnqnqnrtxxvysrusptrq¶urpyw oy xutvnnyw tn} qnopu ~ovupyw oyun}swqop
ryxoqynr vtopuv optn uooqn opu vut}zt}upyw oy }uuxys |vqoq|tx opqnqn tn} pyw oy
xutvn oy xutvn· mo qr t svy|urr y~ |ynoqnyr svyxu svurunotoqyn }qr|rrqyn rux~ro}zqn
vuquwqn utxtoqynt sxtz y~ t|oqynrytxr tn} vurxor wqop qn}qq}txxutvnuvr q}u} z
u{ouvntx~t|qxqtoyv qu out|puvtn}rssyvoqnout vyswyv}qr|rrqynrvtqnroyvqn
tvvywr ¸¹º¯
»¼7 6
D<
7=S
D>
=S
>
? ²7
9:
=7
: ½J8 7
:D 7=
C 7 ´6²
½
µ qr t ~vtuwyv |vutou} z tqnt}un
wpy |ynrov|ou} qo opvyp opu royvqur y~ ro}unor n}uvynu opu uopy} rrunoqtx
qr opto ro}unor rpyx} xutvn pyw oy }utx wqop opuqv |ynq|oqn vutx u{suvqun|ur tn} opu
qtqnu} sq|ovur opuz syrrurr tyo xutvnqn qu oy vqn opuruxur qnoy opu xutvnqn
qouvtxxz rsutqn ro}unor tvu nyo xutvnqn ~yv opu r|pyyxo ~yv opu xq~uopu xq~u wpq|p opuz
rux~ |ynrov|o|vutoqn opuqv ywn |xovuy~ nywxu}u tru}yn opuqv }zntq| usqrouyxyq|tx
quw
|ynotqnr opvuu }q¾uvuno o qnouvowqnu} xuuxr¿syqnor y~ quw wpq|p tqnt}un
|txxr ~yv rotn|ur À S
;9
=
C
7 qr qn} y~ u{oun}u} uvrqyn y~ tooqo}uwpq|p |yuvr opu runru y~
ynur tooqo}u tn} uxqu~ oywtv}r t stvoq|xtv opqn u |ynou{osuvrynu{suvqun|u tr wuxx
tr yv n|ynr|qyr svu}q|ursvqyv xutvnqn u{suvqun|ur uo| otn|u |tn u ~vopuv }qq}u}
qnoy U =S wpq|p tvu opu stvoq|xtv yuvxtssqn tvutr uowuun wpq|p opu xutvnuv ovtuxr
vt}txxz |ynrov|oqn puv¿pqr rotn|u z utnr y~ ovtnrqoqynr »
:9
=S
D;D>
=S tvu untxqn ~t|
oyvr y~ opqr rpq~o qn ynur xutvnuv u{suvqun|u tn} tvu rovynxz |ynnu|ou} wqop opu |yn|uso y~
}qrn|oqyn tqnt}un ¸®¸¸ pu ouv U
D S
A
=
C;D>
= utnr opu runru y~ ~vt
unotoqyn opto ro}uno ~uuxr qn puv¿pqr wyvx} y~ q}utr tn} |ynqoqyn mo rtxxz qnyxur
~vrovtoqyn|yn~rqyn tn} opu xyrr y~ runru y~ rux~ tn} |tn u uqopuv untxqn yv }qrtxqn z
ntovu tqnt}un º¹ pu rov|ovu y~ opu ~vtuwyv qr svurunou} qn vu
¸
u{o wu rptxxptu t|xyruv xyy to opu rotn|uropupquvtv|pzy~opu u{suvqun|u wyvx}y~opu
ro}uno tn} opu qrrur |yn|uvnqn tyo opu |ptnusyqnor tn} opu rrov|ovu y~ }q¾uvuno
rotn|ur u rptxx vuu|o opu u{ovt|or otun ~vy ro}unor xutvnqn }qtvqur qn |yvru
ttqnro opu ~vtuwyv tr u{tsxur
After Savin−Baden (2000)
PEDAGOGICAL STANCE
− pedagogical autonomy
− reflective pedagogy
− reproductive pedagogy
− strategic pedagogy’
INTERACTIONAL STANCE
− ethic of individualism
− validated knowing through "real talk"
− connecting experience through interaction
− transactional dialogue
interact interact
interact
− fragmentation
− discovering myself
− defining my future self
− placing my self in relation to my life−world
− re−placing myself: knowing the world differently PERSONAL STANCE
TRANSITIONS
STANCES AND DOMAINS OF DLE
− failures and succees
− prior knowledge and values,
− degree of self−esteem
− relation with others and the world PERSON AS A LEARNER WITH
TRANSITIONS TRANSITIONS
TRANSITIONS
− change enabling shifts between the domain s
− induced by enabling disjunctions
(group−work, critical reflection and self−reflection, meaningful connections)
− interacting levels of persons attitudes, prejudices, beliefs and way of see things STANCES
DOMAINS
− areas of movement (changing values, attitudes etc.) inside stances
− characterized by current state of personal world−experience
FRAMEWORK OF "DIMENSIONS OF LEARNER EXPERIENCE" (DLE)
qunrqynr y~ utvnuv {suvqun|u
u rptxx vquz y opvyp opu rotn|ur y~ opu pu rotn|ur tvu rovynxz qnouvowqnu} oy
ut|p yopuv qu ynur suvryntx tooqo}ur tn} |xovtx t|vyn} t¾u|o opu syrqoqyn rpu¿pu
tz otu qn qnouvt|oqyntx rotn|uu qn vyswyv yu u{ovt|or ~vy opu xutvnqn }qtvqur
tvu svyq}u} tr u{tsxur
F7
: S
>
=
9 T S
;9
=
C
7 qr ru} oy }ur|vqu pyw ro}unor tn} out|puvr ruu}unu tn} sxt|u opu
ruxur qn unqvynuno tqnt}un ¼ mo qr t sxtzvyn} y~ qu tn} otu
|vutoqn u{suvqun|ur tn} rutv|pqn ynur sxt|u qn qo stvoq|xtv quw y~ opu wyvx} to |uvotqn
syqno y~ opuqv xutvnqn |tvuuv pu suvryntx rotn|u qr uvz ovtnrquno tn} qn}|u} u z
opu rux~ suv|usoqynr y~ ro}unor tn} xutvnqn |ynou{o wpq|p yop tvu |ptnqn yu|or
unqn z ~ovu rux~ |tn u vut} yn opu stur y~ ryu xutvnqn }qtvqur
M T
>
7 U
;
¼ 7 T
>
³
DC >
?
;
¼
>
S7
: 7³
A T
9:
7
J8: 7SS
D>
=S
D
= F
:>±
T7
<
G
»¼ 7
9:
7
7
:
A S7?
A T
D
= U7
7TO
>8D
=³
>A T
>
³
DC9 T
: 7
9 S
>
=
D
=³G M
; 9 S ³
>>
U
?
>: <
7
;>
T7
9:
=
;
¼
>
S7 T
>
³
DC9 T 7
J8: 7SS
D>
=S
C>
=S
D U7
:D
=³
? 7 ?7SS = S 7 ¼7 G M TT U7= 7T 7 ¼ ¼7S7 S TT TS S U7= SG
M
¼
9 7 ³
9D
=7 U
<9
= ³
>>
U
D U7
9 S
?
>: ; 7
9C
¼
D
=³ U
A:D
=³
;
¼
D S
C>A: S7E M
<A S
; 9 U
<D; ;
¼
9; D;
¼
9 S
± 77=
8:>± 9± T
;
¼7
± 7S
;
D 7TU
?
:>< ;
¼
D S
C>A: S7G
GGGM
9±A S7
;
¼ 7
C>A: S7S
> ;
¼
9; ;
¼ 7
;
¼ 7
>:
7
;DC9 T?
>A
=U
9;D>
=S U
>
=
>;D
=
; 7
: 7S
;<
7
D
=³7=7
:9 TE
±A;
D;8:>D U7S
<
7
± 7
;;
7
: A
=U7
: S
;9
=U
D
=³
;> ;
¼
D
=³S
9
=U
;
¼
A SM
C9
=
<9 7
<
>:
9 S
98:>
?
7SS
D>
=
9 T
± 7
;;
7
: G
F7 U
9
³
>
³
DC9 T S
;9
=
C
7 qr opu }qunrqyn pyw ro}unor ruu opuruxur tr xutvnuvr pqr qr
t¾u|ou} zsvqyvxutvnqnu{suvqun|urryuotun~yvvtnou}nyoqynry~ xutvnqntn}out|pqn
tn} opu qnrov|oqyn opuz ptu vu|uqu} pu }ytqnr y~ opqr rotn|u vusvuruno tssvyt|pur oy
xutvnqn qn}r y~ rovtouqur ro}unor ptu puru tvu
: 7
8:>
U
AC;D 7
8 7U
9
³
>
³ ovt}qoqyntx
xutvnqn tr rt~u tn} svu}q|otxu ptssunqn S
;:9;
7³
DC 8 7U
9
³
>
³ t{qq¶u opu svyo tn}
|pyyru opu uopy}r t||yv}qn oy qo
8 7 U
9
³
>
³
DC 9A;>
=
><
wpto tn} pyw |pyyrqn opu
uopy}r opto rtoqr~z ynur ywnsuvryntxxz }unu} nuu}r tn}
: 77
C;D 7
8 7 U
9
³
>
³ u{qxu
|vqoq|txutxtoqn tn} }uus untqn y~ opu opqnr tqnt}un ¯¸®¯
M=
; 7
:9C;D>
=
9 T S
;9
=
C
7 vqnropu vuxtoqynrpqsr qnoy opusq|ovu mor }ytqnr tvu rsu|qu}t|
|yv}qnoy opu ntn|ury~ vuxtoqynrpqsr uowuun out|puvro}unoro}unoro}uno tn} ro}uno
vys tqnt}un ¯®¯¯
{tsxur y~ opuru xtro owy rotn|ur wqxxu svyq}u} xtouv qn opu ~yv y~ }qtvz|xqsr tyo
vyswyvrovtouq| tssvyt|pur~uuxqnr y~ r||uu}qn uo|
u rptxx |ynoqnu |ynrq}uvqn opu svsyru tn} opu utnqn y~ }qrn|oqyn opu rotou y~
ousyvtvz |ptyr qn ynur wyvx} y~ txur u{su|otoqynr tn} opu rux~ u rptxx }unu opu
|yn|uso tn} opu wtzr oy }utx wqop qo
pu utnqn tn} svsyru y~ }qrn|oqyn qr vt}txxz oy vqn oywtv}r }uusuv n}uvrotn}qn
y~ opu wyvx} tn} opu ux~ ¾u|oqu }qrn|oqyntntuuno |tn svyq}u wqop ovtnrqoqynr
qn ro}unorxqur tn} opr tu vutxqn y~ nywxu}u tn} txur oy uuvu ® zy |tn |txx
qo }uusuv xutvnqn ||yv}qn oy tqnt}un º¹ opuvu tvu owy ozsur y~ }qrn|oqyn
7=
9±
T
D
=³ tn} U
D S
9±
T
D
=³ tn} yop y~ opu |tn svy}|u rpq~or qn ynur xq~u pu tqn syqno
qr oy xutvn oy }utx wqop opuru }qrn|oqynr tqnt}un ptr qnovy}|u} ~yv }q¾uvuno ts
svyt|pur oy ~t|qn opu }qrn|oqynr tqnt}un ¹¯®¹º pu vuqn}r opto opyru tvu
ro unuvtxq¶u} wtzr oy ptn}xu opu rqotoqynrqn|u |ynq|ortqqoz tn} «tvvuxxqn ~t|or
u{suvqun|u} z ut|p qn}qq}tx ro}uno tvz t xyo ry }y uopy}r ru} oy yuv|yu opu
xry opu untuuno qr nyo opu tvtnouu oy untxu rpq~oro tr wu nywopu |ynqoqyn |tn
nyo u ovutou} tr t }uouvqnqroq| toytoyn qn qor pqpuv xuux qu utnqn
START
RETREAT AVOIDANCE ENGAGEMENT TEMPORIZING
ENGAGEMENT PBL
sharing values, knowledge and feelings NEW challenges, ways of teaching,
DISJUNCTION DLE
enabling disabling
−changed learner identity
−−> LEARNING
− shifts between domains
pu |unovtxqoz y~ }qrn|oqyn qn xutvnqn ~vtuwyv tqnt}un
pu |unovtxqoz y~ opu }qrn|oqyn qn xutvnqnu{suvqun|u tn} opu wtzr y~ |ysqnwqopqo tvu
svurunou} qn vu pu qorux~ t|or tr tn qnqoqtoyv ~yv }qrn|oqyn z qor nyux uopy}r
untxqn ~t|oyv ~t|qxqotoqn opu xq~uxyn xutvnqn oy y||v mo qr t |z|xu ~vy }qrn|oqyn oy
}qrn|oqyn opto yx}r r vt}txxz pu wtzr oy ptn}xu opuru qvvqotoqn tn} |yn~rqn
yunor wqxxu }qr|rru} qn opu nu{o rru|oqyn
tqnt}un ¹¯®¹º }ur|vqur ~yv utnr oy toot| opu }qrn|oqyn u rptxxnu{o qu
tn yuvquw y~ opuru wtzr y~ xy|wyvrpqs
¸ 7
;:
7
9;
pu ro}uno tz vuovuto opu rqotoqyn u z utnr y~ u{|rur yv qx}qnt rt~uwtxx
ttqnro opu opvut}r qo ruur oy xtz syn opuqv xutvnuvq}unoqoz pto tz wyvru opu
rqotoqyn tn} opr y~oun vurxo qn t }qrtxqn u{suvqun|u tn} putz oun}un|z u ~yv
xtqn yopuvr yv opu rzrou ru} yn puv¿pqr qn|tstqxqoqur tn}¿yv }utn} ~yv vqpo
tnrwuvr
pqr |yx} u wuxx nyoq|u} }vqn opu |yvru oyy rsu|qtxxz ~yv ryu ~yvuqn
ro}unor qo wtr uvz }q|xo oy t} ro opqr nuw qn}usun}uno uopy} y~ xutvnqnstvoxz
qnun|u} z opu xu|ovur wpq|p wuvu qun ynxz qn qnnqrp yu yy} u{tsxur y~
vuovutoqn opu rqotoqyn z }utn}qn tnrwuvr tn} xtqn yopuvr y
7
9:
7 ³
>D
=³ S
><
7
¼7
: 7 U77
8 7
: 9
=U U77
8 7
: ;> ;
¼7
;
¼7
>:
>
?
C><8A; 7
: S
CD 7=
C 7
D;
¼
=
>;
¼
D
=³
8:>D U7 U
;> : 7
9 UE
D;
¼ =
>;
¼
D
=³
8:>D U7U
?
:><
¼7
: 7
;>
³7
; ;
¼7
: 7
9 TT
: 7
AD:
7 U
D
=?
>:<9;D>
=G À=U
<>:
7
9
=U
<>:
7
;D<
7
D S S
8 7=
; ;>
=U
D;
E S
><
7
¼7
: 7
>A; S
D U7
;
¼7
C>A: S7
89
³7E S
><
7
¼7
: 7
>A; S
D U7
;
¼7 T7
C;A: 7 =
>;
7S M
;
¼
D
=
D; >A TU
± 7
A S7?
A T
D
?
;
¼7 T7
C;A:
7
:
<
7=
;D>
=7 U 7
7
:
;D<
7
;
¼7 7
J9C;8 T
9C 7
¼7
: 7
;>
³7
; ;
¼7
: 7
AD:
7 U
<9;
7
:D9 T ?
>: C><8 T7
;D
=³
;
¼ 7
8:>±
T7
<
SG
½ S
8 7
CD9 TT ?
>:
?
>:
7
D
³= S
;A U7=
; SE
<>
S
; >
?
¼
DC
¼ ¼
9 7
;> 89:;DCD89;
7
D
=
;
¼
D S
C>A: S7G
GGGFT7
9 S7E
; 7TT
<
7E
<9
± 7
9<
M S
> C T7
9: A
=U7
: S
;9
=U
;
¼ 7
<9D
= ³
>9 T
>
?
>A: F
:>± T7
<
SE
9
=U
<9
± 7
<A S
; M
: 7
9 U S
><
7
¼ 7
: 7
;
¼ 7
D
=S
;:AC;D>
=S
¼
> ;>
U
> ;
¼ 7
< 9
=U U
>
=
>;
³
>D
=³
;>
C>
=S
D U7
: <
>
=
D U7
9 S
pqr qr wpuvu opu ~t|qxqtoyvr¿ooyvr unouv opu sq|ovu tn} ovz oy nxy| opu rqotoqyn
u z tssvu|qtoqn opu nywxu}u opu ro}uno syrrurr tn} ovzqn oy y¾uv trrqrotno qn
rutv|pqn vurutv|ptn} opqr qr opu syqno wpuvu }qr|rrqynr tvu nuu}u}
»7
<8>:D 7
pu ro}uno tz ousyvq¶u opu }qrn|oqyn rqotoqyn usyvq¶qn utnr syrosynqn
opu rqotoqyn o}unor vu|ynq¶u opto ryuopqn nuu}r oy u }ynu qn yv}uv oy u¾u|oqu
vurxor oy otu sxt|uo opuz tvu nyo vut}zoy otu opu ovtnrqoqyn pu oqpo r|pu}xu
tn} roq|qn qnoy ynur |royr |yx} txry u |ynou} qnoy opqr |touyvz puz qnpqqo
r||urr~x ovtnrqoqyn tn} opr nuw wtzr y~ ruuqn opu rqotoqyn tn} opu yro u¾u|oqu
xutvnqn oy otu sxt|u
À
>D U
9
=
C 7
rqnoputyq}tn|u opu ro}unoyopousyvq¶utn} t}yso ryuu|ptnqr oy|qv|xuopu
}qrn|oqyn pu¿pun}r twtz oy zstrr opu rqotoqyn oopqrtz roqxxu yvu u¾yvo
otqn optn untqn opu rqotoqyn u|tru opu ro}uno |tn nyo ur|tsu opu rqotoqyn
tn} qo |yn~vynor puv¿pq vt}txxz tn} |tn tu xutvnqn tn nsxutrtno spunyunyn
½
=³
9
³7
<
7=
;
mnyv}uvoysvy|uu}opu}q|xoqurnuu}oy u q}unoqu}tn}untuuno ptroyunouvopu
sq|ovu mo vu«qvur opu t|nywxu}u y~ qor u{qroun|u tn} vyyor qnouvntx tn} u{ouvntx
opvyp vuu|oqyn pqr untxur ovtnrqoqyn oy otu sxt|u qnovt yv qnouv }ytqn tn}
s¶¶xu uooqn t qo |xutvuv noqx opu nu{o }qrn|oqyn po unouvr pu uz syqno qr
otqn vursynrqqxqoz y~ ynur ywn xutvnqnwpq|p qr txry ynu y~ opu ~n}tunotx qrrur
qn svyxutru} xutvnqn qn unuvtx
ovt}qoqyntxout|pqn uopy} tn} qor |yxxqrqynwqop ntovtxxz |trur t }qrn|oqyn
tn} rotvor opu |z|xu o}unor uqn oy quw opqnr }q¾uvunoxz tn} ryu ozsu y~ «uroqynqn
y||vrxqu
M
;>;9 TT
C>A TU=
;A
=U7
: S
;9
=U
¼
9; 9 S
;
¼7
: 7
9 S
>
=
;> ± 7³
D
=
;
¼7
C>A: S7
D;
¼ S
>
T
D
=³ S
> C9 TT7U
8:>± T7
<
SE
A S
; S
><
7 S
8>
=
;9
=7
>A S S
D;A9;D>
=S =
>; C>
==7
C; 7U
;> 9
=
;
¼
D
=³
D
=
C><<>
= GGG
À
; ;
¼7
± 7³
D
==
D
=³
<
³
>9 T
9 S
A S
; ;> 89 SS
;
¼7
C>A:
S7G ¼7= M =
>;DC 7 U
;
¼
D S =7
; 7
9C
¼
D
=³
<
7
;
¼
>
U M
A<8 7 U
;> :>>
?G À=U
¼ 7=
; 7
9C
¼
D
=³
7=
; >
=E M
: 7
9 T
D 7U
;
¼
9;
M U
>
¼
9 7
C989±D T
D;
;>
T7
9:
= S
><
7
;
¼
D
=³E
9
=U S
> D; ;A:
=7 U
>A; ;> ± 7
9; ;
¼7 7=UE
;
¼
9; ;
¼
>
S7
8: 7
D>A ST
;>;9 TT
A
==
>
=
9
=U
9 TT
: 77
;> <
7 S
>A
=U7U
;
¼
D
=³S T
D 7 »
A:D
=³
<9C
¼
D
=7SE
9A;><9;9 E
: 7³
A T
9:
T
9
=³
A9
³7SE
C>
=
; 7
J;
?
: 77 ³
:9<<9:
SE 7
;C
¼
9 7
>8 7=7 U
;> <
7G ÀTS
>
³7
;;D
=³
;>
=
> ;
¼7
< 9
=U
A S
D
=³
;
¼ 7
< D S
=
>; 9 S S
C9:
;
¼
D
=³
;
¼
9
= 7
9:
T
D 7
: G
z svyq}qn utnqn~xu{tsxur tn} nuw wtzr y~ }yqn tn} ruuqnopqnr opuru }qrn|oqyn
rqotoqynr |tn u t}u utrquv tn} yvu u{qxu oy |tru opu t|oqyn y~ xutvnqn ® yop opu
ru|o tn} zyvrux~ xxqr uo tx ¸¹¹º ptu ~y|ru} opu qsyvotn|u y~ opu utnqn~x
svyxur tr yoqtoqn t|oyvr qn utxq¶qn opu ~t|o opto puv¿pqr svqyv nywxu}u tn}
u{suvqun|urtvutxu}tn}opto qoqrnyo ynxz opu ovyxxy~svysyrqoqyntxnywxu}u opto |ynovyxr
opu rqotoqyn pqrrtxxz t|or tr tvqnuz y~untuuno tn}rotvor opu ovtuxqnopuwyvx}
y~ }q¾uvuno rotn|ur y~ utvnuv {suvqun|u wpuvu opu ro}uno n}r nuw }yyvr oy ysun tn}
stvooqu ptvynz wqop puv¿pqrux~ pu yvnuz ~vy }qrn|oqyn oy }qrn|oqyn ptr ro
utn otqn t ~yv y~ |ptxxunqn ~yvxt y~ vu|vrqyn wqop uuv qn|vutrqn tvqtxur tn}
xyor y~ syrrqqxqoqur
u rptxxtxry }qr|rr opu vyswyv tr tn untxqn ~t|oyv oy |vutoqn ovtnrqoqynrtn} pyw
opqr wtr u{suvqun|u} z opu ro}unor y~ |yvru
M
¼
9 7
>
=
C 7
9
³
9D
= =
>;DC 7U
;
¼
9; ;
¼
D S
;
¼7
>:
7
;DC9 T S
A± 7
C;C9
=
± 7
988:>9C
¼7 U
D
=
; 7
: 7S
;D
=³TE
;
¼
D S
77
D;
¼ ?
>:<
S
>
?
8DC;A: 7SE
9
=
D<9;D>
=S
9
=U
9
³
9<
7G
M 7=
>
7U
;
¼7À
:;½J
¼
D±D;D>
=G M S
9 9
T
>;>
?
9<A S
D
=³
;
¼
D
=³SG M
;
¼
D
=
;
¼
9;
À
:;½J
¼
D±D;D>
=
D S
9 7
: =
DC 7
9
>
?
; 7
9C
¼
D
=³E
9 S S
;A U7=
; S U
> ;
¼7
D: ± 7S
; 9; C:
7
9;D
=³
8D 7
C 7S
>
?
9:; 9
=U S¼
9:
7
;
¼ 7
D: D U7
9 S
9; ;
¼7 7
J
¼
D±D;D>
= GGG
n} ryu suvryntx qnouvuro oy opu opqnr
>
¼ M T
D 7
9A;><9;9 M
; S S
> D
=
; 7
: 7S
;D
=³
;> <
7 À=U M 7
7= =
>
¼ O
¼7=
<
<9<<
:>;
7 ¼7
: U
D8 T
><9
¼ 7
: ;
¼7
<
7
9 S L
D
=
D;
7 =
>
=OU7
; 7
:<D
=
D S
;DC 9A;><9;9 GGG E
>
?
C>A: S7
;
¼7
: 7
9 S
<>:
7
<9;
¼7
<9;DC S
9
=U M
;
¼
D
=
<>:
7
;
¼7
>:
7
;DC9 T
;
¼
D
=³SE
±A; ;
¼7
D
=
; 7
: 7S
; D S
D
=
>A:
± T
>>
U
»¼7? == 7S ¼ =³ S =³ ¼7 O7 ¼ =G = 7 S ¼ ¼ =7 =U
9:;
S
D S
7
:
<9;
¼7
<9;DC9 T
>:9; T7
9 S
;
>A C9
=
=U
D;D
= 7
7
:
9:;
SG À
; T7
9 S
;;
¼7
8 T
9
=
; O³
:9<<9:
S
7
: 7
7TT
A
=U7
: S
;>>
UG
yvu|vutoqu rozxur y~ptn}xqnopuopuyvuoq|txqrruru qn~yv y~opusyur unuvtou}
z opu rqsxu toytot t}u z ro}unor |tn u ruun yn opu mnouvnuo stur
v
ys wyv |tn ~n|oqyn yop tr tn untxqn yv t }qrtxqn ~t|oyv qn opu t|pqnuvz y~
vys}zntq|r qr }q|xo qrru tn} u |vt|un tn} touvr ¸¹¹¹ ptu svurunou} opto
opuru rqxxr ro u otpo u{sxq|qoxz oy opu ro}unor ro wyvqn qn t vys }yur nyo
~t|qxqotou opto outwyv qr xutvnu}
ru y~ vys wyv tn} opu syrrqqxqoqur qo y¾uvr qn wuvu ruun tqnxz tr t syrqoqu
opqn qn mo y¾uvu} tnz ro}unor t nuw runru y~ opuruxur yop tr quv tn} vu|uquv
y~ qn~yvtoqyn mo tu opu opu rv~t|u oy vuu|o oy tn} ~vy tn} uo t }uusuv sq|ovu qnopu
svyxur ryxu} tn} qn|vutru} runru y~ qnouvqoz
vys wyv tr qor uro qr rptvqn zyvrux~
wqop yopuvr tn} }qr|yuvqn opu nuw wtouvr y~ opu y|utn y~ opu nywxu}u oyuopuv otx
vursu|o qr txtxu qn xutvnqn tn} ~yv xutvnuvr
pqr qn} y~ |yysuvtoqyn tn} qnouvt|oqyntx rotn|u qr |ynrq}uvu} ~vqo~xtxry qn opu utx
otx }ytqn z tqnt}un ¯¬ pu ~yxxywqn u{ovt|or ~vy opu xutvnqn }qtvqur
}ur|vqu opu rqotoqyn
7 ¼
9 7 S
>
T
7 U
;
¼7
8:>±
T7
<
SE
9 S
7TT
9 S U7
<>
S
D9 7SS
9
=³7
: ± 7
; 77=
;
¼7
<
7
<± 7
: S
>
?
>A: ; 7
9<
G L
>: <
?
:D 7=US ´
9
=U
;> ;
¼ 7
<
7
<± 7
: S
>
?
>A:
³
:>A8 µ ³
>
7S
;
¼7
±D
³³7S
; ;
¼
9
=S ?
>:
M
¼
9 7
<9
=
9
³7U
;
¼7
C>A: S7
±
?
9:
E
7 ¼
9 7 S
A88>:;
7U
>
=7
9
=
>;
¼7
: 9 T
>
=³
;
¼7
>A:
=7
9
=U ¼7T
8 7 U
7
9C
¼
>;
¼7
: G
À
;;
¼
D S
8
¼
9 S7
;
¼ 7
± 7=7
; S
D
=³
:>A8 >:
S
;9:;
7 U
;>
³7
;C>
=
C: 7
;
7G ¼7=
>A
¼
9 7
;>
7
J8 T
9D
=
;
¼7 ¼
9 T?
>A A
=U7
: S
;9
=U
;>
>A:
?
:D
7=USE
>A A S
A9 TT ¼
9 7
;>
=U
>A; ;
¼7
: 7S
; >
?
D;
E
;>>
E
¼7=
S
><
7
>
=7
D S
9 S
D
=³
;
¼7
C T
9 SS
DC9 T
¼O
A 7S
;D>
= GGGI7
C9A S7 T7
C;A: 7S
9:
7 ³
D 7=
D
= L
D
==
D S¼E
;
¼7
;
¼
D
=³S
D
=
;
¼
D S
C>A: S7
<9 =
>; ± 7
;
¼
9;
¼
9:
U
9
?
; 7
: 9 TTE
9
=U
D; S
9<9D
=³
¼
9;
>A C9
=
=U
D
=
;
¼7
S7
C:
7
; C T
>
S7
; S
>
?
>A: <
7
<>:
GGG
67
<>
S7SS
D>
=
D S
;
¼7 =
DC 7
8 T
9C 7
;>
S¼
9:
7
D U7
9 S
9
=U
;> C T7
9: A 8 8>>:
T
A
=U7
: S
;>>
U
;
¼
D
=³SG
M =
>;DC 7 U
9
³
9D
=E
;
¼
9; ;
¼
D S
;
8 7
>
? T7
9:
=
D
=³
D S
;
¼7
9
;>
³7
; ;
¼
D
=³S
D
=
;> <
±:9D
=S GGG»¼7
U7
<>
O7
J 7
:CD S7U
7
: 7 U
>
=7
ADC TE
± 7
C9A S7 M
¼
9 U
A
=U7
: S
;>>
U
;
¼ 7
;
¼
D
=³S
¼
D T7
;9 T
D
=³
D;
¼
>;
¼ O
7
: SG
~ |yvru opu ro}uno otur puv¿pqr ywn syrqoqyn qn opu ux} y~ qnouvt|oqyntx rotn|u tn}
vuxtour qor qsyvotn|u tn} rtu ~yv puv¿pqr syqno y~ quw wpto tz u tqnu} yv xyro tn}
qn wpto runru n} qo qr nq|u oy yruvu opqnroyy
H
± S7
:D
=³
>;
¼ 7
: S
D
= U
D 7
: 7=
; S
D;A9;D>
=S
D S
D
=
; 7
: 7S
;D
=³G M?
>A
¼
9 7 S
;:
7=³
;
¼ S
;>
T
D S
; 7=
9
=U
>±
S7
: 7E
>A <9
D
= S
><
7
8>D
=
; T7
9:
=
;>
7
7=
A
=U7
: S
;9
=U S
><
7
;
¼
D
=³G
pu |yn|uso y~ vys}zntq|r sxtz puvu tn urrunoqtx vyxu oyy mo qr t |ptxxunu puvu
wuvu txry ryu rpq~or oy u ruun }vqn opu |yvru ~vy vysuv oy qn}qq}tx tn} txry
yro y~ opu ro}unor |yx} u |xtrrqu} tr rovtouqror qn tqnt}unr ~vtuwyv uvz
y}z wtnor oy strr opu |yvru tn} uooqn opu tvr ~vy opu svyxu vusyvor ruuu} oy
u qsyvotno tn} yy} |totxzro ~yv opu nuw }qrn|oqyn ptn}xqn vyn} qn}qn opu uro
uopy}r ~yv tqnqn opu uro vurxo qr vuu|ou} opvyp opuru u{tsxur
À
;
: S
; D; ;>>
S
><
7
;D<
7
;>
³7
; A S7 U
;> ;
¼7
>:
D
=³
<
7
;
¼
>
UG M
;
¼
D
=
D;
S
9 TS
> : 7
9 S
>
=
¼
;
¼7
: S
; : 7
8>:;
S U
D U=
; C>
7
: 9 TTG M S
D<8 T U
D U=
;
=
>
¼
> ;
¼
>:>A
³¼T
>A S¼
>A TU
:D;
7
D
=
;
¼ 7
<
G
M
;9 S =
DC 7
;>
=
>;DC 7
;
¼
9;
M
: 7
9 T
D 7U ¼
> ;
¼7S7
;
¼
D
=³S ¼
9 7
;> ± 7 S
;A U
D 7 UE
± 7
C9A S7
<
8>D
=
; S
?
:>< ;
¼7
8:>±
T7
<
S
7
: 7 ³
: 7
9; 9
?
; 7
: C>A8 T7
>
?
: S
;8:>±
T7
<
SG
M
<
=
9 TT=U
D
=³
9 S
;9
=U
9:
UOS
; T7 ?
>:
F
:>± T7
<
O
: 7
8>:;
SG
M
; S77
<
S
;
¼
9; ;
¼
D S
C>A:
S7
D S
AD;
7
>
9
?
; 7
: 9 TTG 7
;;D
=³
;
¼7
;
¼
D
=³S
C T7
9: C><
7S
9±>A; ;>
77S T
9;
7E
±A; D; C><
7S
9
?
; 7
: 9 TT O
9C;A9 TT
;
¼
D S
D S =
DC 7
9
;>
T7
9:
=E 7
7=
D
?
D; ;9 7S =7
: 7S
¼7=
>A
¼
9 7
A S7 U
;>
T7
C;A: 7
± 9 S7 U
<>
U7G M=?
9C; ;
¼
D S
C>A: S7
D S ³7
;;D
=³
± 7
;;
7
: ;>9:
U
;
¼7
7=UE
>:
S
9:
7 ³7
;;D
=³ S
<>>;
¼T
¼7=
>A
¼
9 7 ³
>; ;
¼7
D U7
9
¼
9; ;>
U
> 9
=U ¼
>
G
n}oywtv}r opu un}y~ opu |yvruqo ruuu} opto txxy~ r u|tuyvu tn} yvutntxzror
vuu|oyvr
xutv tn} utrz |xtrrq|toqyn t||yv}qn oy |xqsr otun ~vy ro}unor xutvnqn }qtvqur qr
«qou |ysxu{ o qo qr utrz oy ruu opu |ptnu qn opuqv txur tn} vuu|oqynr yn wpto opuz
nyw tn} pyw opuz ruu opuruxur tr xutvnuvr
BCD 7=
C 7
D S =
>; <
S
;:
7=³
;
¼E S
>
M
9
=
; ;>
S
;A U
D;
G À?
; 7
:9:
US
;
¼ 7
<>
S
; : 7
9:
U
D
=³
C>A:
S7S ¼
9 7
± 77=
A S
; ;
¼7S7 ¼
9:
U
C>A: S7SE
9
?
; 7
:
¼
DC
¼
>A 9:
7 =
>
T
>
=³7
: ;
¼7 S
9<
7
8 7
: S
>
=
;
¼
9
=
± 7?
>:
7
;
¼7
<
G M ¼
9 7 T7
9:
=7UE
±A; ;
¼7
: 7 S77
<
S
;> ± 7 T
>
=³7
: 9
=U T
>
=³7
: 9
;>
=
>D
=³G
@
>A:
S7 ³
9 7
<
7
9
=S
7
: SE
±A;
=
>
M
¼
9 7
>
=
C 7
9
³
9D
= =7
A 7S
;D>
=S GGG
M ¼
9 7 T7
9:
=7U
;
¼7
C>
=
; 7=
; >
?
;
¼7
C>A:
S7
<>:
7
;
¼
9
= M 7
J8 7
C;
7 UG À=UE
D
?
S
><
7
;
¼
D
=³
9 S
9 ±D; A
=
C T7
9: 9; ;
¼
D S
8>D
=
; E M
C9
=
9; T7
9 S
; S
;9:;
S7
9:C
¼
D
=³ ?
>: D
=?
>:<9;D>
=
D
=
:D
³¼
; U
D:
7
C;D>
=SG
L
D
=U
D
=³
: 7T7
9
=
; D
=?
>:<9;D>
=
<9
± 7
;
¼ 7
<>
S
; D<8>:;9
=
; 9:
7
9 >
? T7
9:
=
D
=³
D
=
A
=
D 7
: S
D;
E
¼7=
>A C9
=
;8>
SS
D±
T7
: 7
<
7
<± 7
: 7
7
:
;
¼
D
=³
±
¼ 7
9:;
G
»¼ 7 F
:>± T7
<
S?
>:C 7U
>A ;>
S
;A U
9
=U
T7
9:
=
D;
¼
>A;8 T
9
==
D
=³ ¼
> ;>
U
> D;
S7
89:9;
7TG
M
9 S S
A:8:D S7 U
±
;
¼7?
9C;
E
;
¼
9;
M
9
?
; 7
: 9 TT
C>A TU ³7
; ;
¼7
D U7
9 SE
9
=U ³7
; ;
¼7
<
7TTG ¼7=
M
C><89:
7
;
¼ 7 S
D;A9;D>
=
;>
T
9 S
; 7
9:
E
¼ 7= M
C>A TU=
;8>
SS
D±
T7 T7
9:
=
;
¼ 7S7
;
¼
D
=³SG
n} |vutoqn t q sq|ovu wtr qsyvotno ~yv «qou tnz ro}unor
> 9 TTS
;A U
D 7 U
;
¼
A S
?
9:9
=U
D
=
?
A;A: 7
: 7
9 TT
C>
==7
C;
S
;> 9
=
;
¼
D
=³
½
=³
9
³
D
=³
D;
¼S7
89:9;
7
8:>± T7
<
S ¼
9 S
;9 7=
9 TT
;
¼7
9;;
7=
;D>
=
99 ?
:>< ;
¼7
±D
³
8DC;A:
7 GGGM?
>A C>A TU S77
;
¼7
±D
³
8DC;A: 7
D; >A TU
± >>
S
; ;
¼ 7 S
;A U
D
=³
9
=U
¼ 7T
8 =U
D
=³
;
¼
7 7SS7=
;D9 T
;
¼
D
=³SG
pu rtu ro}uno |ynoqnur xtouv
»¼7
8:>± T7
<
O³
9<
7
8 T
9 7 U
>
= T
9 S
; T7
C;A: 7S
9 S
9
³
>>
U
D U7
9 G M
; 9 S ³
>>
U?
>: : 7¼7
9:
S
9 T
9
=U
7
7=
C T7
9:
7U
;
¼7
;
¼
D
=³SG M
9< 9 T
9 S
D
=
9
¼
9±D; >
? T
>>
S
D
=³
;
¼ 7
±D
³
8DC;A:
7
9
=U =
> D; 9 S
;
¼7
: 7
>
=
;
¼7
;9±
T7
D
=?
:>
=
; >
?
<
7G
»¼7 ¼ =³S 7 7U = S7 7 7U S 7 7 U S E TU= ³7 ³ ? ¼7
;
¼
D
=³S
9;
¼
9
=UE
±A;;>9:
US
;
¼7 7=U
9 TT S
;9:;
7U
;>
³7
; C T7
9:
7
:
G
D;
S
7
:
8 T7
9 S
9
=
; E
¼7=
>A
=
>;DC 7 S
><
7
;
¼
D
=³E 7
7=
D
?
D; ;>>
8 T
9C 7 S
>
T
9;
7 S
;9
³7
>
?
;
¼7
C>A: S7G
¼7=
>A: C>A: S7
D S
>
=T S
;9:;
7 U M
>
?
; 7=
9 S7U
<
S7T?
¼
7 S
;A U
;
¼
9; >: ;
¼
D SE
9
=U
¼
=
>;
S
><
7
;
¼
D
=³ 7TS7G N
>
M
C9
=
;
¼
D
=
;
¼
9; 9 TT
7
¼
9 7 T7
9:
=
; C9
=
± 7
D
=
C T
A U7U
D
=
;> ;
¼
D S
C>A: S7E
± 7
C9A S7 M
C9
=
=U
9 ;:9
=S
D;D>
=
± 7
; 77=
>A: ;
¼7
<
7S
9
=U
C><8A; 7
: S
CD 7=
C 7G
xyro uuvzy}z xqu} opu uopy} tn} ryu unoqynu} qo oy u rqotxu ~yv opu
ruxuru
FI² S
AD;
7 U
<
7 7
JC 7TT7=
; TG »¼
D S
9 S
<
: S
; ;:D9 T
A S
D
=³
D;
E
9
=U M
A S
;
=
>;DC 7U
D; ;> ± 7
<
C9
S7G »¼
D
=³S
;
¼
9;
M
;:D 7U U7S
8 7
:9;
7T T7
9:
= T
9 S
; 7
9: >
=
;
¼
D S S
9<
7
C>A: S7
A S
D
=³
>:
U
D
=
9:
<
7
;
¼
>
UE =
9 TT
>8 7=7U
;> <
7
;
¼
9
=S
;> 8:>±
T7
<
SG MU T
>
7
;> ;9 7
>;
¼7
: C>A: S7S
D
=
8:>±
T7
<
± 9 S7 U
9 E
;>>
G
o ryu pt} so qo opqr wtz
»¼7
C>A:
S7
9 S
7
:
A
=
A S
A9 T
D
=
; 7
:<
S
>
?
± >;
¼
; 7
9C
¼
D
=³
9
=U
: 7
AD:
7
<
7=
; S GGGM
<
=
>;
S
A: 7
D
?
MTT 7
7
: ;9 7
9 :D S
;> 89:;DCD89;
7
D
=
;
¼7 S
D<D T
9:
T
± 9 S7 U
C>A:
S7 GGG
pqr wtr opu |ynq|o wpuvu ovt}qoqyntxwtz y~ xutvnqn uooqn yop qn~yvtoqyn tn} opu
qnrov|oqynr pyw oy wyv ~vy opu out|puv wtr ptv}oy ttn}ynz opu ro}uno tn}opu wtzr
oy ovuto opu rqotoqyn }q} nyo svyq}u opu uro syrrqxu ryxoqynr xry opu xt| y~ vyswyv
wtr t }vtwt|o opu |yvru wtr strru}
pu yro vutvtxu syqno y~ }qrn|oqyn ruuu} oy u to opu uqnnqn y~ opu |yvru tr
unoqynu}utvxquvwpunovt}qoqyntxtru} uopy}uo opu tn} |yn~rqyntyo opu nuw
wtzr y~ ro}zqnrutv|pqn opu qn~yvtoqyn z zyvrux~ tn} |vutoqn t rovtouz oy |ysu wqop
opu |yvru
un opyru wpy vro oyy uvz svyou|oqu tooqo}u ttqnro opu nuw wtz y~ xutvnqn tn}
wpy |yx} nyo }utx wqop opu tvqrqn }qrn|oqynr qn untxqn wtz wuvu t} roqn oy opu wtz
oywtv}r opu un} y~ opu |yvru yv n}qn opu utnqn
À
;
: S
; M
C>A TU=
; <9 7
9
= S
8 7
CD
C
³
>9 TSE
± 7
C9A S7
;
¼ 7
8A:8>
S7
>
?
;
¼ 7
;
¼
D
=³S
¼
9 U =
>;
C T7
9:
7UE 7
; G
½ G³G
D
=
8:>
³
:9<<D
=³
;
¼7 ³
>9 T
D S
C T7
9: E
±A; ;
¼7
8 T
9D
=
>:
U
;
¼7
>:
<9 7S
;
¼7 ¼
9D:
:D S
D
=³
A8 G
M
± 7³
D
=E
;> <
¼
>::>:
E ³
:9 U
A9 TT ³7
;;D
=³
9:<
7
: ;> ;
¼
D S
D
=U
>
?
C>A: S7E M
<
7
9
=
8:>±
T7
<
± 9 S7 U T7
9:
=
D
=³G N
>
¼ 7=
;
¼7
: 7S =
>
7
J9< D
=
;
¼ 7
C>A: S7E
>A C9
=
± 7
;;
7
: C>
=
C 7=
;:9;
7
>
=
¼
9;
>A
=U
D
=
; 7
: 7S
;D
=³
9
=U
¼
9; D S
>
?
<>:
7
A S7
9
=U
;
¼7
;
¼
D
=³S
;
¼
9;
U
>
=
; D
=
; 7
: 7S
; C9
= T 7?
; D;
¼
T7SS7
: >± S7
:9;D>
=E
± 7
C9A S7
>A U
>
=
;
¼
9 7
;> ± 7 S
C9:
7 U
>
?
¼
9; ;
¼7
; 7=
;9;>: <D
³¼
; C><
7
A8 ;>
9 SG
xx tvuu} opto uopy} wtr ptv}uv optn opu ovt}qoqyntx o vutv}xurr y~ opto
rtxxz opu vurxor t|pquu} wuvu |ynrq}uvu} wyvop opto
»
D<
7
C><8 T7
JD;
>
?
;
¼
D S
C>A: S7
D S
½
NH
H
B C><89:
7U
;> >;
¼7
:
SE 7T7G »
9 SS
9:
7
C:>
U
D
=³ ?
:><
7
7
: U
D:
7
C;D>
=E S7T?OT7
9:
=
D
=³
D S
B
»E
± 7
C9A S7 T7
C;A: 7S
9:
7
>
? =
> A S7G
6
A:D
=³
;
¼ 7 S
8:D
=³ M
¼
9 7
± 77=
>± T
D
³7 U
;>
S
9 E
;
¼
9; ;
¼
D S
C>A: S7
¼
9 S
± 77=
;
¼ 7
¼
9:
U7S
; >
=7
9<>
=³
;
¼7
C>A:
S7S
;
¼
A S
?
9: D
=
A
=
D 7
: S
D;
G S
A9 TT
D;
S 7=
>A
³¼
;
¼
9;
>A A S
; : 7
9 U
9 T
D;;
T7
±D;
=³¼ 7? 7 ¼7 7 =U S ?7 7 7 S7SG N ¼7= ¼ 7 U7 U7 U U ¼7S7F T7 O
: 7
8>:;
SE
>A
¼
9 7 S
><
7
;
¼
D
=³
: 7
9 T
;>
U
>
?
>:
7
7
:
77G H=
;
¼7
>;
¼7
:
¼
9
=UE T7
9:
=
D
=³ S77
<
S
;>
± 7
9 ±D; <>:
7 7
CD 7=
; D
=
;
¼
D S
9 GGG
»¼7
C>A: S7
¼
9 S
± 77= 7
J;:
7
<
7T ³
DD
=³E
±A; 7
:
¼
9:
U
M
¼
9 7
9 TS
>
?
>A
=U
9 T7
9:
=
D
=³OU
D9:
:D;
7
: D
=
<
7 »¼
D S
C>A
=
; S
?
>:
T7
9:
=
D
=³E
;>>
E M S
A88>
S7G F
: 7
D>A ST M
A S7U
;>
¼
9; 7 T7
9:
=
D
=³
U
D9:D 7SE
9 S
<
7=
;D>
=7 U
D
=
77
K G
n} opu out|puv }yur tu t }q¾uvun|u
ÀS
9
¼
>
T7 M ?77T
;
¼
9;
M ¼
9 7 T7
9:
=7 U
9 T
>; E
9
=U M 7
7= T
D 7 U
;
¼7
;
¼
D
=³SG À=U
¼7=
: 7
8>:;
O
:D;D
=³ S
;A<± T7U
9
=U M
>A TU ¼
9 7
8: 7?
7
::
7 U
;>
S
D8 ;
¼7
< >
7
: E
;
¼7
; 7
9C
¼7
: S
7
>:;
S
9
=U
7=
;
¼
A S
D9 S
;DC ; 7
9C
¼
D
=³
<9 U7
<
7
;
¼
D
=
D
=³
;
¼
9; D; >A TU
± 7
?
9D: ;>
³
D 7 ¼7
: S
><
7
;
¼
D
=³
D
=
: 7
;A:
=E
S
>
M
;:D 7 U
;>
U
> <
89:; D;
¼ ¼
>
=
>:
G
M
; S
7
:
:9:
7T
¼7= T7
C;A: 7
: S
9:
7 S
> D
=
; 7
: 7S
; 7 U
9
=U
>::
D
=³
9± >A; S
;A U
D
=³
8:>C 7SSG M
;
¼
D
=
9
=U
9:
7 U7
>;D
=³
;
¼7 ¼
A
³7
9<>A
=
; >
?
;D<
7
;> ;
¼7
C>A: S7G M
; D S T
9A U
9±
T7G À=U
>
?
C>A:
S7
D; D S
;
¼ 7
: 7
9 S
>
=
>
?
>A: 8:>± T7
<
SE
±A; D;
S
: 7
9 T T
D
?7G
pu u{tsxu svyq}u} z opu out|puv puvrux~ wqxxtxry un|yvtu opu ro}unor tn} opu vutx
|tvqn |ynor
le§ g¥¨§gª
pu ro}unor ~yn} opu |yvru tqnxz t uvz syrqoqu u{suvqun|u mo wtr ptv} o ~n
tn} tnz t|pquu} opu vurxo opuz nuuv |yx} ptu qtqnu} oy tqn yu nuw }utxr wqop
xutvnqn wtr |yqoou} z opu ro}unor
¥¦¥g¥ek¥
tvvywr ¸¹º¯ ot{ynyz y~ svyxutru} xutvnqn uopy}r u}q|tx }|toqyn
º¸®º¯
y|pz uuvr tn }un yrr|pu quxr ¾u|or y~ svyxutru}
xutvnqn t uottntxzrqrutvnqn tn} mnrov|oqyn ¸ ¬®¬¯º
xxqr tvrwuxx uvnto uut{ vqryn uqrtxy uzuv x}un
ux tvpqy ¸¹¹ºuryv|uroyyxrtn} ou|pnq«ur ~yv svyxu tru} xutvnqn
qn |ysoqn mn yvqn vys vusyvor y~ opu v} tnntx m¿m m q
|yn~uvun|u yn mnouvtoqn ou|pnyxyz qnoy |ysouv r|qun|u u}|toqyn vurr ss
¸®¬¯
t txtqnu n vyxutru} xutvnqn y~ opuyvuoq|tx |ysouv r|qun|umn vy|uu}
qn y~ yxqn yxqrouxo ® yxq txxqn v} nntx qnnqrp ¿ txoq| ut yn~uvun|u yn
ysouv |qun|u }|toqyn y tssutv
|vt|un touvr ¸¹¹¹ pz· wpun tn yopuvwqru r||urr~x qnouvunoqyn ~tqxr
mn vy|uu}qnr y~ opu op tnntx m¿m m q |yn~uvun|u yn mnnytoqyn tn}
ou|pnyxyz qn |ysouv r|qun|u u}|toqyn vurrss¹®¸
tqnt}un vyxutru} utvnqn qn qpuv }|toqyn noyx} oyvqur pu
y|quoz ~yv urutv|p qnoy qpuv }|toqyn
sun nquvrqoz vurr|qnpt
stur
][\]
^_`
W\YY] ab
XXY
_
W
`
_`
V\]
V
