Fire-related injuries and their burden in Finland 2000–2010

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Department of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki

FIRE-RELATED INJURIES AND THEIR BURDEN IN FINLAND 2000–2010

Kari Haikonen

ACADEMIC DISSERTATION

Doctoral dissertation, to be presented for public discussion with the permission of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, in Athena Hall 107, Siltavuorenpenger 3 A,

on the 30th of April at 12 o’clock.

Helsinki 2020

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1. INTRODUCTION

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2. FIRE-RELATED INJURIES AND THEIR CLINICAL ASPECTS

2.1. FIRE-RELATED INJURIES: GENERAL ASPECTS

2.1.1. OVERVIEW

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2.1.2.2. Causes

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2.1.2.3. Clinical aspects

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2.1.3. SMOKE INHALATION INJURIES: AIRWAYS’ THERMAL INJURIES AND COMBUSTION GAS POISONINGS

2.1.3.1. Overview

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2.1.3.2. Causes of combustion gas poisoning (by CO, HCN)

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2.1.3.3. Clinical aspects

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3. THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FIRE-RELATED INJURIES

3.1. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BURNS

3.1.1. FATAL BURNS

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3.4.2. INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS 3.4.2.1 Smoking as a risk factor

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3.4.2.2. Alcohol as a risk factor

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4. COSTS

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(39)

Table A. Summary of cost studies.

The authors Country Year of publish

Sample size

(mean) cost per case

TBSA Additional

relevant info if available Banﬁeld et al. Canada 2015 n=1139 CAN$ 84 678

per patient

mean 22%

Onarheim et al. Norway 2009 n=874 EUR 11 800 NA

Santos et al. Portugal 2006 n=26447 EUR 8032 mean 10%

Jeevan et al. UK 2014 n=3 £21 470

(EUR 27 432)

£52 406 (EUR 66 960)

£66 029 (EUR 84 366)

8%,10%,24%

Hop et al. the Netherlands 2016 n=249 EUR 21000 mean 8% 38.6% of the cases ﬁre- related Hop et al. the Netherlands 2014 4 studies US$ 87 140 Systematic

review

Ahn & Maitz Australia 2012 n=20 mean 19.55% 60% of the

cases ﬁre- related

Klein et al. US 2008 n=654 US$ 9 026 mean 8.2% paediatric

population

Pellat et al. UK 2010 n=3 range £55 355

to £74 494

range 30% to 40%

paediatric population

Zhu et al. China 2013 n=17770 EUR 490 72% of the

cases TBSA <

10%

paediatric population

Kai-yang et al. Chine 2009 n=113 EUR 800 mean 8.8% limited to

scalds

ter Meulen et al. South Africa 2016 n=72 EUR 327 NA ﬂame burns

Gallaher et al. Malawi 2015 n=905 US$ 560 mean 17.9%

Ahachi et al. Nigeria 2011 n=52 EUR 932 mean 21% 61.5% ﬂame

burns Ahuja &

Goswami

India 2013 n=797 US$ 1 060 mean 42%

Karimi et al. Iran 2015 n=1721 US$ 3 740 mean 17.9% 49.8% ﬂame

burns Karami Matin

et al.

Iran 2012 n=388 EUR 1 260 mean 36% 67% ﬂame

burns

Latiﬁ et al. Iran 2017 n=1425 US$ 2 766 60% of the

cases TBSA>11%

Sahin et al. Turkey 2011 n=43 US$ 13 849 mean 36%

Anami et al. Brazil 2017 n=250 US$ 39 595 mean 27.9%

Mathews et al. Taiwan 2017 n=48 US$ 50 848 mean 43.5%

Hop et al. International 2014 US$ 88 218 in High Income countries, US$ 5 196 in Low and Middle Income Countries Hemington-

Gorse et el.

Wales 2008 n=1 EUR 485 384 38%

George et al. Wales 2016 n=21 £ 225 302 self-inﬂicted

Fire-related injuries and their burden in Finland 2000–2010