4. POHDINTA
4.6. Y HTEENVETO JA JOHTOPÄÄTÖKSET
37
tunnistaa epäsuotuisalle kehityskululle alttiit yksilöt ja kohdistaa tukitoimenpiteitä niitä tarvitseville, sillä varhaisten kokemusten on osoitettu vaikuttavan emotionaalisen informaation prosessoinnin kehittymiseen tai olevan jopa kehityksen edellytys juuri ensimmäisten ikävuosien aikana (Leppänen, 2011; Leppänen & Nelson, 2009).
Varhaisen kognitiivisen kehityksen tuntemista voidaan käyttää hyväksi myöhemmän kehityksen ymmärtämisessä. Vauvoilla tehtävät tutkimukset kertovat primitiivisemmistä tiedonkäsittelyprosesseista, sillä vauvoilla vasta kehittymässä olevat frontaalialueet eivät vielä säätele alkeellisempaa aivojen syvien rakenteiden prosessointia ja täten käyttäytymistä niin voimakkaasti kuin vanhemmilla lapsilla ja erityisesti aikuisilla. Ihmiset tulevat siis taitavimmiksi kontrolloimaan näitä alkeellisia prosessointitapoja, mutta ne saattavat kuitenkin vaikuttaa tiedonkäsittelyyn tiedostamattomalla tavalla. Vauvoilla tehtyjen tutkimusten avulla voidaan esimerkiksi ymmärtää paremmin niitä alkeellisempia kognitiivisia prosesseja ja mekanismeja, joiden tiedetään vaikuttavan joidenkin mielenterveyden häiriöiden taustalla. Tiedetään esimerkiksi että ahdistuneisuushäiriöön liittyy suurempi kognitiivinen vinouma uhkaärsykkeisiin (Bishop, 2008). Kattavampi tietämys tämänkaltaisten ilmiöiden ja häiriöiden varhaisista tausta- ja syntymekanismeista voisi auttaa oikeanlaisessa ja varhaisessa interventioiden kehittämisessä.
Tämä tutkimus valottaa rajoituksistaan huolimatta tarkkaavaisuusreaktioiden yhteyttä emotionaalisen informaation prosessointiin ja tämän vuorovaikutuksen kehittymistä ja luo kattavampaa kokonaiskuvaa tämän kehityksen kulusta.
Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset lisäävät tietämystä emotionaalisen informaation ja tarkkaavaisuustoimintojen vuorovaikutuksen kehittymisestä vauvaiässä erityisesti pelokkaan kasvonilmeen osalta. Tutkimuksen löydösten avulla tiedetään yhä paremmin miten tämä vuorovaikutus näyttäytyy ja muuttuu eri ikävaiheissa. Tutkimus tarjoaa pohjaa myöhemmille tutkimuksille vauvaiän tunteidenkäsittelyn ja tarkkaavaisuuden yhteydestä muuhun kognitiiviseen kehitykseen sekä yksilöllisten erojen tarkastelulle.
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