There are some conflicting impacts associated with mire restoration, especially with climate impacts and, in the short term, also water impacts. When weighing the conflicting impacts, it should be remembered that work against climate change can be carried out in many different ways and in many different sectors of society, but the special features and species of mire habitats cannot be secured without restoring and protecting mires.
In addition, the impacts of restoration should be related to other impacts of human activities on land use. Even if the areas to be restored were multiplied compared to the current area size, the impacts would still be relatively small compared to the climate and water impacts of other measures, such as ditch drainage, felling, and fertilisation, on large areas of the catchment area.
• It is a good idea to restore the river basin, as long as it is ensured that the areas to be restored within one catchment area are not too large to allow the underwater water bodies to withstand a short-term additional load. Mires should not be restored to hold excessive water, which would endanger the creation of climate benefits.
• In order to safeguard mire species, it is essential to restore afforested mires into open, watery mires.
This carries the potential risk of climate damage due to increased methane emissions, especially in oligotrophic mires.
• The climate impacts caused by restoration can be compensated for by restoring mire fields and peat production areas and by conserving mires in their natural state. A hectare of restored peat field or three hectares of peat production area compensates for the emissions of a single hectare of restored eutrophic mire over a period of twenty years. The restoration of the open nature of the oligotrophic mires requires larger compensation areas. Potential compensation areas must be placed under permanent conservation to avoid losing the compensation effect in the future.
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Table 1. Summary table on the impact of mire restoration on mire habitats, water bodies, and climate. The table shows the possible impacts on eutrophic and oligotrophic mires over time. There are no monitoring results for long-term effects on a period over 50 years, so the reported effects are based on the projected results as assessed by experts.
Short-term impact
Mire habitat The functionality of the mire has largely been restored. The recovery of the mire species has begun.
The functionality of the mire has been restored. The recovery of the mire species is well under way and the most typical species have recovered.
The functioning of the mire is similar to its natural state.
The mire species have recovered and only some of the least spreading species have returned to the level before restoration. The restored area is beginning to clean the waters in the catchment area.
The restored area purifies the waters in the catchment area and acts as a natural reservoir of water in the mire to compensate for runoff.
Climate Climate impacts can be positive as long as we do not restore mires into open and overly wet mire areas.
Climate impacts are often positive as long as we do not restore mires into open and overly wet mire areas.
Climate impacts are generally positive as long as we do not restore mires into open and overly wet mire areas.
Oligotrophic mires
Mire habitat The functionality of the mire has largely been restored. The recovery of the mire species has begun.
The functionality of the mire has been restored. The recovery of the mire species is well under way and the most typical species has recovered.
The functioning of the mire is similar to its natural state.
The mire species have recovered and only some of the least spreading species eliminated. In the case of nitrogen, the surcharge caused by ditch drainage has been removed.
In the case of phosphorus, the surcharge caused by ditch drainage has been removed. The restored area cleans the waters in the catchment area.
The restored area purifies the waters in the catchment area and acts as a natural reservoir of water in the mire to compensate for runoff.
Climate Climate impact usually negative. Methane
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© The Finnish Nature Panel
Publications of The Finnish Nature Panel 3a/2021 Report summary
Impact of mire restoration on mire habitats, water bodies, and climate. Summary and
recommendations of the Nature Panel to support nature policy planning and decision-making.
Authors:
Tarmo Ketola (University of Jyväskylä, tarmo.t.ketola@jyu.fi), Lassi Ahlvik (University of Helsinki), Christoffer Boström (Åbo Akademi University), Jaana Bäck (University of Helsinki), Jukka Jokimäki (The Arctic Centre), Kirsi Pauliina Kallio (Tampere University), Liisa Kulmala (Finnish Meteorological Institute), Aleksi Lehikoinen (Luomus – Finnish Museum of Natural History), Tiina M. Nieminen (Natural Resources Institute Finland), Elina Oksanen (University of Eastern Finland), Minna Pappila (University of Turku), Juha Pöyry (Finnish Environment Institute), Heli Saarikoski (Finnish Environment Institute), Aki Sinkkonen (Natural Resources Institute Finland), Ilari Sääksjärvi (University of Turku) ja Janne S. Kotiaho (University of Jyväskylä)
Editorial Secretary: Sanna Autere ISSN: 2737-0062
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17011/jyx/SLJ/2021/3a
Reference instruction:
Ketola, T., Ahlvik, L., Boström, C., Bäck, J., Jokimäki, J., Kallio, K. P., Kulmala, L., Lehikoinen, A., Nieminen, T. M., Oksanen, E., Pappila, M., Pöyry, J., Saarikoski, H., Sinkkonen, A., Sääksjärvi, I. &
Kotiaho, J. S. 2021. Impact of mire restoration on mire habitats, water bodies, and climate Summary and recommendations of the Nature Panel to support nature policy planning and decision-making.
Finnish Nature Panel publication 3a/2021
The Finnish Nature Panel is an independent body of experts that supports the planning of and decision-making in nature policy. The opinions and reports of the Nature Panel are based on scientific evidence and multidisciplinary expertise.
www.luontopaneeli.fi @luontopaneeli