The locals’ wishes and needs are very similar to each other. All the interviewees wish to stay in the city and for eviction to stop completely. There are several reasons why they wish to stay in the city: employment opportunities, children’s school, and services and easier for them to generate income. Their needs are very basic, as long as they can provide their families with food, shelter, school, etc. The living standards of the relocation families have been extremely undermined since proper infrastructure is lacking and lack of services, i.e. schools, health center, or employment opportunities in proximity.
Relocation will further push the poor into deeper poverty. Dwellers residing in the city center have monthly earnings that are higher than those dwellers from the outskirt of the city and this is excruciating considering that informal dwellers’ income is meager. All the interviews from the Ka Moung commune stated that there are no jobs opportunities for them, which is why they all sell miscellaneous goods at home. The interviewees from the outskirt of the city stated that people with motorbikes can earn some sort of monetary profit because they can commute to the city center where there is work or sell goods at the central market. A 71-year-old retiree from the outskirts reported that he and his wife had survived off of church’s charity he receives food on a monthly basis. This indicates that if it were not for the church’s charities this couple would have starved to death. While this couple’s living condition are grave, there are a soaring number of
people residing in the Ka Moung commune who are HIV positives and no nearby hospital for them.
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Interviews
Mrs. Roeum, 2012, February 29 Mr. Chan, 2012, February 29 Mr. Chea, 2012, February 29 Mrs. Chan, 2012, February 29 Mrs. Im, 2012, March 1 Mrs. Sweet, 2012, March 1 Mrs. May, 2012, March 1 Mr. Han, 2012, March 1 Mrs. Theary, 2012, March 2 Mrs. Thy, 2012, March 2 Mrs. Moa, 2012, March 2 Mrs. Ann, 2012, March 2 Mrs. Oona, 2012, March 2 Mrs. Angie, 2012, March 3 Mrs. Ny, 2012, March 3 Mrs. Thea, 2012, March 3
Mrs. Sam, 2012, March 5 Mr. Sophal, 2012, March 5 Mrs. Lan, 2012, March 5 Mrs. Moon, 2012, March 5
Appendix Interview Questions
1. Household Information
(a) Tell me your name, age, occupation.
(b)How long have you lived here?
(c)Where did you live before moving here? (province, commune, village , or the house).
(d)What’s the major reason for moving/migrating?
(e)What are your rights to this land (ancestral land with or without title, tenant/leased land, occupied land, titled land, communal land)? People may not know about the word -rights and thus it is important to open the variations to people
-How did you get your land/home?
-Who lived here before?
-Do you own any land now? If yes, what type of land (residential, agricultural land, other)? -How did you get it?
(f) Who built this house?
(g) Is the house lacking anything?
(h) Are you happy with your house?
(i) Is this state land or public land?
2.1. Questions for those who own the property proceed with:
(a) How did you get this property (free-unoccupied land, ancestor, purchased, exchanged, given by relatives/friends, given by authorities)?
-How many years have you owned this land?
(c) What kind of legal documents/proofs do you have? (land title, receipt, application for possession and use of land, land investigation form)
(d) What was the biggest obstacle you were faced with when pursuing for the home?
(e) How long was the process? What were the procedures?
-To whom you paid about the land (e.g. owner, middleman, police)? It would be interesting to see about bribes or corruption that is related to this process.
- How did you finance it?
- Do you feel secure about the possession of this land?
2.2. Questions for those who do not own the property:
(a) Whose your landlord? Is your rental fees fair, manageable?
-Has your rent increased? If yes, by how much?
-How did you find this home?
(b) Have you owned a property before?
-If so, what happened? Who did you sell it to? And what were the reasons for selling it?
-How did you lose it?
(c) Have you thought of purchasing a property? If not, why?
- If so, what happened? What sort of drawbacks or obstacles have you dealt with?
(d)Would you feel more secure if you were to own a property?
-Why? (for raising a family or for investment)
3. Housing Problems and Information about Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) (a) Could you recall any bad moments with housing?
(b) Have you ever been homeless, near homeless, or landless?
-What exactly happened?
(c) Are you ever afraid of evictions? What about homeless/landless?
(d) Ever been threatened of evictions? If yes, who did it?
-What were the reasons?
-When did it happen?
-Did you seek any help from the government? Was the government helpful?
-Did you see any help from the local authority? Was the local authority helpful?
-Did you seek any help from the NGOs? Were they helpful?
(e) Have there been any foreign direct investments (i.e. rubber plantation) in this area or surrounding area?
-What do you know about the investment?
-size of the investment?
-Who are the investors? name?
-from which country?
-anything else you know about the investment?
-Were you informed about the investments planned in your area? If no, how did you learn about it?
-How have you been affected by these investments?
-Are there any opportunities from the investment for you or your family? If yes, which kind?
-Are there any threats from the investments? If yes, which kind?
-Has the government assist you in dealing with the investors?
-Has the NGOs assist you in dealing with the investors?
- Has your land situation changed because of the investment?
-Which kind of land is affected?
-How much of your land is affected in total?
4. To obtain people’s attitudes towards the private development plans
-How do you feel about private development plans (e.g. commercial, housing)?
-Has it affected your livelihood?
-Has it affected the community?
Appendix 2 Maps of Cambodia and Phnom Penh
Picture 11: Cambodia
Source: Vidiani, maps of the world
Picture 12: Map of Phnom Penh source: Cambodia’s yellow pages
The five informal settlements in this study are:
Thork Thlar: 12102 Boeung Kak 1: 12151 Boeung Kak 2: 12152 Srak Chork: 12202 Tork Laouk 12156