6. Conclusion
6.1. Recommendations for future work
This research covered a view of capacities and possibilities of implementing Virtual Reality technology within the construction industry and the potential opportunities for the business process. It is also providing a framework to adopt VR technology in a construction company. VR high capabilities provide new potential use cases and technologies are still limited used and poorly adapted in the construction field, and more researches are still needed covering the following areas:
• Perform a study on BIM-VR real projects to assess the outcomes of this methodology in a quantitively way. Also, cost-benefit analysis is required to measure intangible benefits. Evidence of accrued value from real-life projects is required as well to improve the reputation of the technology.
• Define a scale of projects which is applicable to adopt VR to add values in terms of time, cost, and quality in the construction project.
• There are related areas that still need to be covered, such as Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality, Laser scanning.
Declaration of Authorship
I hereby declare that the attached master’s thesis was completed independently and without the prohibited assistance of third parties, and that no sources or assistance were used other than those listed. All passages whose content or wording originates from another publication have been marked as such. Neither this thesis nor any variant of it has previously been submitted to an examining authority or published.
28th September 2020
Date Signature of the student
Bibliography
Ahmed, S., 2019. A Review on Using Opportunities of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Construction Project Management. [Online]
Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330218685_A_Review_on_Using_Opportu nities_of_Augmented_Reality_and_Virtual_Reality_in_Construction_Project_Manage ment
[Accessed 30 July 2020].
ALEC, 2019. ONE ZA’ABEEL. [Online]
Available at: https://alec.ae/portfolio-item/one-zaabeel/
[Accessed 14 August 2020].
ANTYCIP, 2020. BENEFITS OF VIRTUAL REALITY IN CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TRAINING. [Online]
Autodesk, 2020. Revit > Artikeldetails. [Online]
Available at:
https://apps.autodesk.com/RVT/de/Detail/Index?id=2629595860167800202&appLan g=en&os=Win64
[Accessed 10 May 2020].
Bastug, E., Bennis, M., Medard, M. & Debbah, M., 2017. Toward Interconnected Virtual Reality: Opportunities, Challenges, and Enablers. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(6), pp. 110-117.
Bille, R., Smith, S., Maund, K. & Brewer, G., 2014. Extending Building Information Models into Game Engines. [Online]
Available at: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2677758.2677764 [Accessed 7 May 2020].
Bim42, 2014. Trying out Autodesk 360. [Online]
Available at: https://www.bim42.com/2014/07/trying-out-autodesk-360/
[Accessed May 2020].
Bimplus, 2019. 4D modelling key to Dubai twin tower with ‘world’s largest cantilever’.
[Online]
BIMXplorer, 2019. View large models in real-time. [Online]
Available at: https://www.bimxplorer.com/feature/post/view-large-models-in-real-time [Accessed 1 June 2020].
bnbuilders, 2019. BNB's Spectrum IV/Vertex Pharmaceuticals Project Announced as ENR California 2019 Project of the Year Finalist. [Online]
Available at: https://www.bnbuilders.com/blog/news-and-press/uncategorized/bnbs- spectrum-ivvertex-pharmaceuticals-project-announced-as-enr-california-2019-project-of-the-year-finalist
[Accessed 7 April 2020].
Chalmers, 2016. The design and development of BIMXplorer. [Online]
Available at: http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/241212/241212.pdf [Accessed 26 July 2020].
Chen, L. & Luo, H., 2014. A BIM-based construction quality management model and.
Automation in Construction, 13 May, pp. 64-73.
Cimne, 2018. EDUCATION IN ENGINEERING: BIM AND VR TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVING COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS. Lisbon, IV International Conference on Civil Engineering Education.
Cohen, L. et al., 2018. 2 Augmented and Virtual Reality in Operations: A guide for investment. [Online]
Available at: https://www.capgemini.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/AR-VR-Infographic.pdf
[Accessed 12 August 2020].
Coloma , E. & Zaker, R., 2018. Virtual reality-integrated workflow in BIM-enabled projects collaboration and design review: a case study. Visualization in Engineering, 18 April, pp. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40327-018-0065-6.
Cousins, S., 2017. Total BIM: How Stockholm’s £1bn urban transformation project is going 100% digital. Construction Research and Innovation, Volume 8, pp. 34-40.
DAVIDSON,, J. & RAHIMIAN, F., 2019. Integration of VR with BIM to facilitate real-time creation of. [Online]
Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42524-019-0039-y [Accessed 14 April 2019].
Dawood, N. & Kassem, M., 2013. BIM FOR FACILITY MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW AND A CASE. London, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on
Construction Applications of Virtual Reality.
drawbotics, 2018. BIM dimensions - 3D to 8D BIM explained. [Online]
Available at: https://blog.drawbotics.com/2018/11/07/the-bim-revolution-in-building-management/
[Accessed 23 July 2020].
Du, J., Zou, Z., Shi, Y. & Zhao, D., 2018. Zero latency: Real-time synchronization of BIM data in virtual reality for. Automation in Construction,
85(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926580517309172), pp.
51-64.
Enscape3d, 2020. Breathe Life into Your Work Bridge the gap between design and reality. [Online]
Available at: https://enscape3d.com/features/
[Accessed 6 May 2020].
Eurostat, 2017. statistics, Accidents at work. [Online]
Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Accidents_at_work_statistics [Accessed 28 July 2020].
Forbes, 2017. How Virtual Reality Could Revolutionize The Real Estate Industry.
[Online]
Available at:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesagencycouncil/2017/03/28/how-virtual-reality-could-revolutionize-the-real-estate-industry/#78ce28ed9b34 [Accessed 25 May 2020].
Forbes, 2019. Applications Of Immersive Technologies In Smart Cities. [Online]
Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/08/05/applications-of-immersive-technologies-in-smart-cities/#14eb8bd21292
[Accessed 6 May 2020].
Gartner, 2017. Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies,. [Online]
Available at: https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3768572/hype-cycle-for-emerging-technologies-2017
[Accessed 21 July 2020].
GCR, 2019. Dubai twin tower scheme with “world’s largest cantilever” praised for 4D modeling. [Online]
Available at: https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/innovation/dubai-twin-tower-scheme-worlds-largest-cantilever-/
[Accessed 22 August 2020].
Gerig, N. & Mayo, J., 2018. Missing depth cues in virtual reality limit performance and quality of three dimensional reaching movements. [Online]
Available at: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189275 [Accessed 2017].
Goulding, J. & Rahimian, F. P., 2014. Virtual reality-based cloud BIM platform for integrated AEC projects. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, pp. 308-325.
Guillén, A., 2016. Building Information Modeling as Assest Management Tool.
Automation in construction, 16 December, pp. 191-196.
Hamzeh, F., Daou, A. & Faloughi, M., 2019. 3D VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES IN THE AEC INDUSTRY: THE. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 13 April, pp. 239-255.
Harris, J., 2010. Integration of BIM and Business Strategy, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University.
Ha, S., Mohammadi, N., Soysal, S. & Taylor, J., 2019. Exploring Future Stakeholder Feedback on Performance-Based Design Across the Virtuality Continuum. Advances
in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering, Issue Springer, pp. 423-429.
Hassan, S., 2017. Evaluating Immersive Virtual Reality Environment for Facility Management Planning. Master thesis ed. Berlin: Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulu.
Hollermann, S. & Bargstädt, H. J., 2014. 4D Site Installation Planning in Virtual Reality for Multi-user. COMPUTING IN CIVIL AND BUILDING ENGINEERING , p.
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/9780784413616.097.
Kamardeen, I., 2010. 8D BIM MODELLING TOOL FOR ACCIDENT. Leeds, Association of Researchers.
Lahdou,, . R. & Zetterman, D., 2011. BIM for Project Managers,.
http://www.nationalbimstandard.org/about.php ed. Chalmers University of Technology: National Building Information Model Standard Project Committee.
Liebherr, 2020. Digital planning. [Online]
Available at: https://www.liebherr.com/en/int/products/mobile-and-crawler-cranes/service/crane-planner/crane-planner.html
Liu, Y., Castronovo & Fad, 2020. Evaluating the Impact of Virtual Reality on. e Journal of Computing in Civil,
34(https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CP.1943-5487.0000856), p.
1.
Lorenz, M., Spranger, M., Riedel, T. & Klimant, P., 2016. CAD to VR - a methodology for the automated conversion of kinematic CAD models to virtual reality. Procedia CIRP, Volume 41, pp. 358-363.
Mdpi, 2019. OpenBIM: An Enabling Solution for Information Interoperability. [Online]
Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/24/5358/htm [Accessed 2019].
Microsoft, 2017. Design revolution: Microsoft HoloLens and mixed reality are changing how architects see the world. [Online]
Available at: https://news.microsoft.com/transform/design-revolution-microsoft-hololens-mixed-reality-changing-architects-world/
[Accessed 19 June 2017].
Mills, F., 2016. What is BIM to field. [Online]
Available at: https://www.theb1m.com/video/what-is-bim-to-field [Accessed 13 July 2016].
Mills, F., 2017. Building a Skyscraper with 4D VR. [Online]
Available at: https://www.theb1m.com/video/building-a-skyscraper-with-4d-vr [Accessed 6 May 2020].
Nikolic, D., 2007. EVALUATING RELATIVE IMPACT OF VIRTUAL REALITY COMPONENTS, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University.
Outhere, 2020. SKANSKA - Step Into Safety. [Online]
Available at: https://www.outhere.se/cases/skanska/
[Accessed 30 July 2020].
Peterson, F. & Fischer, M., 2010. eaching construction project management with BIM support: Experience and. Automation in Construction,, pp. 115-125.
RUIZ, J. M., 2009. BIM SOFTWARE EVALUATION MODEL FOR GENERAL CONTRACTORS. Master thesis ed. FLORIDA: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA.
Sampaio, A. Z., 2018. [Online]
Available at: https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/59408.pdf [Accessed 2 October 2017].
Samset, K., 2009. Projects, Their Quality at Entry and Challenges in the Front-end Phase. In: Williams T.M., Samset K., Sunnevåg K.J. (eds) Making Essential Choices with Scant Information ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Shia, Y. & Du, J., 2016. International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction. s.l.,
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705816300339.
thevrara, 2017. VR system comonents. [Online]
Available at: https://www.thevrara.com/
[Accessed 4 May 2020].
Thompson, A., 2019. Virtual and Augmented Reality for Construction. [Online]
Available at:
https://www.buildings.com/news/industry-news/articleid/21978/title/virtual-augmented-reality-construction [Accessed 6 May 2020].
Tizani, W., 2011. Collaborative Design in Virtual Environments at. Dordrecht, Collaborative Design in Virtual Environments. Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering, vol 48. Springer.
united-bim, 2019. What are BIM Dimensions – 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, and 7D BIM Explained. [Online]
Available at: https://www.united-bim.com/what-are-bim-dimensions-3d-4d-5d-6d-7d-bim-explained-definition-benefits/
Unity, 2020. Architecture, Engineering & Construction. [Online]
Available at: https://unity.com/solutions/architecture-engineering-construction [Accessed 28 July 2020].
Unity, 2020. Immersive VR improves construction site safety. [Online]
Available at: https://unity.com/case-study/outhere-and-skanska [Accessed 22 August 2020].
Unity, 2020. New Unity Reflect features: Navisworks integration and cloud hosting.
[Online]
Available at: https://resources.unity.com/vidyard-all-players-4/new-unity-reflect-features-navisworks-integration-and-cloud-hosting
[Accessed 25 July 2020].
viatechnik, 2019. 50 VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGIES IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING. [Online]
Available at: https://www.viatechnik.com/resources/50-virtual-reality-technologies-in-architecture-and-engineering/
[Accessed 2019].
Visbox, 2020. CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment. [Online]
Available at: http://www.visbox.com/products/cave/
[Accessed 2020].
vive, 2020. Discover the Full Line-up of VIVE Systems.. [Online]
Available at: https://www.vive.com/us/
[Accessed 2020].
VRCapture, 2020. VRCapture. [Online]
Available at: https://store.steampowered.com/app/544420/VRCapture/
[Accessed 2 June 2020].
Wang, X. & Dunston, P., 2007. Design, strategies, and issues towards an augmented reality-based construction training platform. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 7 July, pp. 363-380.
Whyte, J., 2002. Virtual reality and the built environment. Oxford: Architectural Press.
Whyte, J., 2003. Innovation and users: Virtual reality in the construction sector.
[Online]
Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24077660_Innovation_and_users_Virtual_r eality_in_the_construction_sector
[Accessed 31 July 2020].
Woksepp, S., 2007. Virtual reality in construction: tools, methods and processes.
Doctoral thesis ed. Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet.