• Ei tuloksia

Acikara, O.B., 2013. Ion-Exchange Chromatography and Its Applications. In: Column Chro-matography [viitattu Feb 4, 2021]. Saatavilla: https://www.intechopen.com/books/column-chromatography/ion-exchange-chromatography-and-its-applications DOI 10.5772/55744.

Alonso, E., Wallington, T., Sherman, A., Everson, M., Field, F., Roth, R. and Kirchain, R., 2012. An Assessment of the Rare Earth Element Content of Conventional and Electric Vehi-cles. SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing, vol. 5, s. 473-477 DOI 10.4271/2012-01-1061.

Bruzzoniti, M.C., Mentasti, E., Sarzanini, C., Braglia, M., Cocito, G. and Kraus, J.ö, 1996.

Determination of rare earth elements by ion chromatography. Separation procedure optimi-zation. Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 322, no. 1, s. 49-54. Saatavilla: http://www.sciencedi-rect.com/science/article/pii/000326709500596X ISSN 0003-2670. DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(95)00596-X

Bünzli, J. and Pecharsky, V.K., 2016. Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Volume 49 - Including Actinides. Elsevier.

Chen, B., He, M., Zhang, H., Jiang, Z. and Hu, B., 2017. Chromatographic Techniques for Rare Earth Elements Analysis. Physical Sciences Reviews, vol. 2, no. 4, s. 20160057. Saata-villa: https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/psr/2/4/article-20160057.xml DOI

https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2016-0057.

Chilean Copper Commission COCHILCO, 2008. Best practices and efficient use of water in the mining industry. Saatavilla: https://www.cochilco.cl/Research/best_practices_and_the_ef-ficient_use_of_water.pdf

Dong, Z., Jiang, T., Xu, B., Yang, Y. and Li, Q., 2019. An eco-friendly and efficient process of low potential thiosulfate leaching-resin adsorption recovery for extracting gold from a roasted gold concentrate. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 229, s. 387-398. Saatavilla:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619315495 ISSN 0959-6526.

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.033.

Gámez, S., Garcés, K., de la Torre, E. and Guevara, A., 2019. Precious metals recovery from waste printed circuit boards using thiosulfate leaching and ion exchange resin. Hydrometal-lurgy, vol. 186, s. 1–11. Saatavilla:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti-cle/pii/S0304386X18308764 ISSN 0304-386X. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hy-dromet.2019.03.004.

Golloch, A., Hu, B., He, M., Jakubowski, N., Meinhardt, J., Meyer, F.M., Niederstraßer, J., Schramm, R., Sindern, S., Stosch, H. and Bertau, M., 2017. Handbook of Rare Earth Ele-ments: Analytics. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. Saatavilla:

https://www.degru-yter.com/view/title/496951 ISBN 978-3-11-036508-5. DOI https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110365085.

Goodenough, K., Goodenough, K., Wall, F., Wall, F., Merriman, D. and Merriman, D., 2018.

The Rare Earth Elements: Demand, Global Resources, and Challenges for Resourcing Future Generations. Natural Resources Research, Apr, vol. 27, no. 2, s. 201-216. Saatavilla:

https://search.proquest.com/docview/2009901717 ISSN 1520-7439. DOI 10.1007/s11053-017-9336-5.

Gupta, C.K. and Krishnamurthy, N., 1992. Extractive metallurgy of rare earths, vol. 37, no. 1, s. 197-248. Saatavilla: https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1992.37.1.197 ISSN 0950-6608. DOI 10.1179/imr.1992.37.1.197.

Hammas-Nasri, I., Horchani-Naifer, K., Férid, M. and Barca, D., 1988. Production of a rare earths concentrate after phosphogypsum treatment with dietary NaCl and Na2CO3 solutions.

Minerals Engineering, vol. 132, s. 169-174. Saatavilla: https://www.sciencedi-rect.com/science/article/pii/S0892687518305557 ISSN 0892-6875.

Iannicelli-Zubiani, E.M., Giani, M.I., Recanati, F., Dotelli, G., Puricelli, S. and Cristiani, C., 2017. Environmental impacts of a hydrometallurgical process for electronic waste treatment:

A life cycle assessment case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 140, s. 1204-1216.

Saatavilla: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652616316389 ISSN 0959-6526. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.040

IEA (2020), Global EV Outlook 2020, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-out-look-2020

I-Magnet Oy., 2021. Magneettitieto - I-MAGNET OY. Saatavilla: https://www.i-mag-net.fi/magneettitieto/ [Viitattu Jan 21, 2021].

Innocenzi, V. and Vegliò, F., 2012. Recovery of rare earths and base metals from spent nickel-metal hydride batteries by sequential sulphuric acid leaching and selective precipita-tions. Journal of Power Sources, vol. 211, s. 184-191. Saatavilla: https://www.sciencedi-rect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775312006854 ISSN 0378-7753.

IUPAC, 1997. The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Black-well Scientific Publications.

Jones, P. and Nesterenko, P.N., 1997. High-performance chelation ion chromatography: A new dimension in the separation and determination of trace metals. Journal of Chromatog-raphy A, November 21, vol. 789, no. 1 [viitattu Jan 10, 2021], s. 413-435. Saatavilla:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967397008248 ISSN 0021-9673. DOI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00824-8.

Jowitt, S.M., Werner, T.T., Weng, Z. and Mudd, G.M., 2018. Recycling of the rare earth ele-ments. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, vol. 13, s. 1-7. Saatavilla:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452223617301256 ISSN 2452-2236. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.02.008.

Khawassek, Y.M., Eliwa, A.A., Haggag, E.S.A., Omar, S.A. and Abdel-Wahab, S., 2018. Ad-sorption of rare earth elements by strong acid cation exchange resin thermodynamics, char-acteristics and kinetics. SN Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, s. 51. Saatavilla:

https://doi.org/6 ISSN 2523-3971. DOI 10.1007/s42452-018-0051-6

Kislik, V.S., 2012. Solvent extraction classical and novel approaches. 1st ed. Amsterdam:

Elsevier ISBN 1-280-58253-7

Koopman, C., Witkamp, G.J. and Rosmalen, G.M.V., 1999. Removal of Heavy Metals and Lanthanides from Industrial Phosphoric Acid Process Liquors. Separation Science and Tech-nology, January 1, vol. 34, no. 15 [viitattu Apr 2, 2021], s. 2997-3008. Saatavilla:

https://doi.org/10.1081/SS-100100818 ISSN 0149-6395. DOI 10.1081/SS-100100818.

Kurkinen, S., Virolainen, S. and Sainio, T., 2021. Recovery of rare earth elements from phos-phogypsum waste in resin-in-leach process by eluting with biodegradable complexing agents.

Hydrometallurgy, vol. 201, s. 105569. Saatavilla: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti-cle/pii/S0304386X21000189 ISSN 0304-386X. DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hy-dromet.2021.105569.

Lam, N.L., Smith, K.R., Gauthier, A. and Bates, M.N., 2012. Kerosene: a review of house-hold uses and their hazards in low- and middle-income countries. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health.Part B, Critical Reviews, vol. 15, no. 6, s. 396-432. Saatavilla:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22934567 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti-cles/PMC3664014/ ISSN 1521-6950. DOI 10.1080/10937404.2012.710134.

Lucas, J., Lucas, P., Mercier, T.L., Rollat, A.and Davenport, W., 2015. Rare Earths - Science, Technology, Production and Use. Elsevier ISBN 9780-444627353.

Masmoudi-Soussi, A., Hammas-Nasri, I., Horchani-Naifer, K. and Férid, M., 2019. Study of Rare Earths Leaching After Hydrothermal Conversion of Phosphogypsum. Chemistry Africa, vol. 2, no. 3, s. 415-422. Saatavilla: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-019-00048-z ISSN 2522-5766 DOI 10.1007/s42250-019-00048-z.

McGill, I., 2000. Rare Earth Elements. Reading, England: Johnson Matthey Technology Cen-tre.

McGillicuddy, N., Nesterenko, E.P., Nesterenko, P.N., Stack, E.M., Omamogho, J.O., Glen-non, J.D. and Paull, B., 2013. A new N-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid modified core–shell silica phase for chelation ion chromatography of alkaline earth, transition and rare earth ele-ments. Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1321, s. 56-64. Saatavilla: http://www.sciencedi-rect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967313016762 ISSN 0021-9673. DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.057

Moustafa, Y.M. and Morsi, R.E., 2013. Ion Exchange Chromatography - An Overview. In:

Column Chromatography [viitattu Feb 4, 2021], s. 1-2. Saatavilla: https://www.intecho-pen.com/books/column-chromatography/ion-exchange-chromatography-an-overview DOI 10.5772/55652.

National Pollutant Inventory, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, 2019. Sulfuric acid. [viitattu May 5, 2021] Saatavilla:

http://www.npi.gov.au/resource/sulfuric-acid

Nesterenko, P.N. and Jones, P., 1998. Isocratic separation of lanthanides and yttrium by high-performance chelation ion chromatography on iminodiacetic acid bonded to silica. Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 804, no. 1, s. 223-231. Saatavilla:

https://www.sciencedi-rect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967397012727 ISSN 0021-9673. DOI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01272-7.

Page, M.J., Soldenhoff, K. and Ogden, M.D., 2017. Comparative study of the application of chelating resins for rare earth recovery. Hydrometallurgy, May, vol. 169, s. 275-281.

Saatavilla: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.02.006 ISSN 0304-386X. DOI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.02.006.

Preston, J.S., Cole, P.M., Craig, W.M. and Feather, A.M., 1996a. The recovery of rare earth oxides from a phosphoric acid by-product. Part 1: Leaching of rare earth values and recov-ery of a mixed rare earth oxide by solvent extraction. Hydrometallurgy, vol. 41, no. 1, s. 1–

19. Saatavilla: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304386X9500051H ISSN 0304-386X. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-386X(95)00051-H

Preston, J.S., Cole, P.M., du Preez, A.C., Fox, M.H. and Fleming, A.M., 1996b. The recovery of rare earth oxides from a phosphoric acid by-product. Part 2: The preparation of high-pu-rity cerium dioxide and recovery of a heavy rare earth oxide concentrate. Hydrometallurgy, vol. 41, no. 1, s. 21–44. Saatavilla:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti-cle/pii/0304386X9500067Q ISSN 0304-386X. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-386X(95)00067-Q

Purolite, 2021. What is Regeneration | Purolite | www.purolite.com. Saatavilla:

http://www.purolite.com/about-us/what-is-regeneration [Viitattu Mar 25, 2021]

Rychkov, V.N., Kirillov, E.V., Kirillov, S.V., Semenishchev, V.S., Bunkov, G.M., Botalov, M.S., Smyshlyaev, D.V. and Malyshev, A.S., 2018. Recovery of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum. Saatavilla:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti-cle/pii/S0959652618317645 ISSN 0959-6526.

Sousa-Aguiar, E.F., Trigueiro, F.E. and Zotin, F.M.Z., 2013. The role of rare earth elements in zeolites and cracking catalysts. Catalysis Today, vol. 218-219, s. 115-122. Saatavilla:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920586113003192 ISSN 0920-5861 DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.06.021

Suomen Virallinen Tilasto, 2005. Jätetilasto - Yleisimpien jätteiden sekä ongelmajätteiden lu-ettelo. Tilastokeskus. Saatavilla:

https://www.stat.fi/til/jate/jate_2005-01-19_luo_001.html#%C3%B6ljyj%C3%A4tteetjapoltton [Viitattu Apr 2, 2021]

Suomen Virallinen Tilasto, 2019. Sähkön ja lämmön tuotannon hiilidioksidipäästöt. Tilasto-keskus. Saatavilla:

https://pxhopea2.stat.fi/sahkoiset_julkaisut/ener-gia2020/html/suom0011.htm [Viitattu May 9, 2021]

Suomen ympäristökeskus, S., 2019. Pohja- ja kaivoveden kovuus. Saatavilla:

https://www.ymparisto.fi/fi-fi/rakentaminen/rakennushanke/talotekniset_jarjestelmat_lvi/ve-denhankinta_kaivosta [Viitattu 3.3.2021].

Talens Peiró, L. and Villalba Méndez, G., 2013. Material and Energy Requirement for Rare Earth Production. Jom, vol. 65, no. 10, s. 1327-1340. Saatavilla:

https://doi.org/8 ISSN 1543-1851. DOI 10.1007/s11837-013-0719-8

United States Bureau of Mines, 1985. Mineral Facts and Problems: 1985 Edition. United States Bureau of Mines. Washington D.C.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2017. 2017 Minerals Yearbook RARE EARTHS [ADVANCE RE-LEASE]

Valkov, A.V., Andreev, V.A., Anufrieva, A.V., Makaseev, Y.N., Bezrukova, S.A. and Demy-anenko, N.V., 2014. Phosphogypsum Technology with the Extraction of Valuable Compo-nents. Procedia Chemistry, vol. 11, s. 176-181. Saatavilla:

https://www.sciencedi-rect.com/science/article/pii/S1876619614001818 ISSN 1876-6196. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2014.11.031

Virolainen, S., Repo, E. and Sainio, T., 2019. Recovering rare earth elements from phos-phogypsum using a resin-in-leach process: Selection of resin, leaching agent, and eluent.

Journal of Hydrometallurgy, vol. 201. Saatavilla: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti-cle/pii/S0304386X19303640

Voncken, J.H.L., 2016. Physical and Chemical Properties of the Rare Earths. In: J.H.L.

VONCKEN ed., The Rare Earth Elements: An Introduction Cham: Springer International Publishing, s. 53-72. Saatavilla: https://doi.org/10.1007/319-26809-5_3 ISBN 978-3-319-26809-5. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-26809-5_3

Whewell, R.J., Foakes, H.J. and Hughes, M.A., 1981. Degradation in hydroxyoxime solvent extraction systems. Hydrometallurgy, vol. 7, no. 1, s. 7–26. Saatavilla: https://www.sciencedi-rect.com/science/article/pii/0304386X81900104 ISSN 0304-386X. DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-386X(81)90010-4.

Xie, F., Zhang, T.A., Dreisinger, D. and Doyle, F., 2014. A critical review on solvent extrac-tion of rare earths from aqueous soluextrac-tions. Minerals Engineering, vol. 56, s. 10-28. Saata-villa: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892687513003452 ISSN 0892-6875.

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2013.10.021.

Yahorava, V., Freeman, M. and Bazhko, V., 2016. Viability of phosphogypsum as a second-ary resource of rare earth elements. [viitattu Feb 12, 2021]. Saatavilla: https://www.re-searchgate.net/profile/Olga_Yahorava/publication/323696731

Yang, J., Liu, W., Zhang, L. and Xiao, B., 2009. Preparation of load-bearing building materi-als from autoclaved phosphogypsum. Construction and Building Materimateri-als, vol. 23, no. 2, s.

687–693. Saatavilla: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061808000627 ISSN 0950-0618. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.02.011.

Zhang, W. and Honaker, R.Q., 2018. Rare earth elements recovery using staged precipitation from a leachate generated from coarse coal refuse, July 1, vol. 195, s. 189-199. Saatavilla:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166516217309588 ISSN 0166-5162.

Hamara, V. 2019. ”Ville.pdf”, Kemiantekniikan Kilta ry, taukotila. (luettu 10.12.2019)