5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
5.4 G ENERAL CONCLUSIONS
Regarding the feasibility and other issues of nanogrid system in Russia, the following conclusions can be drawn:
Lack of Smart meter: The problem, which arose also in case study analysis is the lack of smart meters in Russia. Not knowing the precise consumption curve with power peaks decreases the possibility to have an optimal sizing process of a system.
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Net metering: Net metering is not yet available but is expected to come into force during the year of 2019. It will remain to see how it will affect to the solar market. Although the price for surplus electricity [1 RUB] is not much, it’s still better than nothing. Will the net metering require new devices, or would it be reasonable to have a smart meter?
Potential in RES: As earlier mentioned, Russia has great potential in RES and potential sites for nanogrids could be single houses or buildings such as offices, detached houses, summer cottages. The techno-economic feasibility of nanogrid system depends on the load demand and the tariff prices. For example, if the load demand is huge with high tariff prices, using PV panels could be feasible solution. Furthermore, if the connection cost for connecting new house or building to the electric grid is relatively high, the techno-economic feasibility of nanogrid system increases.
Remote areas: Remote areas, which are isolated from the national grid has a huge potential for nanogrids as the electricity would be generated locally using local resources. Using diesel generation causes environmental issues and have high cost of electricity. Due to intermittent of solar and wind power, the remote areas could use hybrid systems, which would decrease the use of diesel generation also. Using nanogrid could decrease the connection and electricity costs, which could make them feasible solution.
Financing and support mechanisms: The biggest obstacle for nanogrids is the need for financial capital and affordability issue. The houseowners cannot afford to buy the equipment for the nanogrid system. Therefore, there is need for alternative support mechanism for financing PV household installations. For instance, electric grid companies or electricity producers may offer alternative solutions instead of the grid connection and charge, for example, monthly fee for the installed nanogrid or microgrid system. The companies may also offer for customers to choose whether they want to have PV based solution or grid connection with different kind of tariff prices and monthly fees. Currently there is no peer to peer energy transactions between nanogrids, in the case of unmet or excess electricity in the households. This kind of interact could be a solution in the future and there is going to be a need for regulation and support mechanism for it.
111 5.5 Future research work
The nanogrid projects such as in Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands and Japan shows that there are potential to implement nanogrid systems. Although, further research with practical implementations is still needed due to low amount of deployed systems. The further research would answer and highlight real world issues related to nanogrid system and its functionality. Further researches could be related also to a community of nanogrids and to make further observations based on it.
Also in Russia, the further research relates to practical implementation. Further research could be related to specific house or building when the precise load demand curve is known.
Other futher researches could be related to remote and rural areas and allotment societies.
The possibility to use multiple nanogrids in Russia is also worth for further research.
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