Interactive effect of springtime frost and elevated ozone on early growth, foliar injuries and leaf structure of birch
CHAPTER 6 General Discussion
6.6 Future research needs
In this thesis, the combined actions of ozone and other stress factors were evaluated. To gain an insight into the complex functioning of an entire ecosystem, multiple stress exposure experiments with three or more stress factors are still needed, both under controlled chamber and realistic field conditions. Since certain phenolic compounds, e.g. chlorogenic acid, quercetin, condensed tannins and salicylates, have been demonstrated to be important in many stress situations, more effort should be directed at understanding their roles in more detail. Novel gene silencing and up-regulation methods open new possibilities to verify the specific role of different phenolic compounds in ozone-pathogen and ozone-herbivore interactions, and in different defence activation situations. For instance, genetically modified poplars showing down-regulated and up-down-regulated pathways for condensed tannins are already available for experimental use.
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