The model constructed in this thesis has potential for further analyses in any desired point of operation. As if the electricity prices and fuel costs were known, the model could be used to preliminary electricity production optimizations and investment analyses. The use of hot wind box mentioned during the presentation of the repowering options could be also constructed to the model. As a result, utilization of relatively oxygen rich GT exhaust to the CFB combustion and fluidization purposes could be evaluated. As stated, the use of hot wind box enables complete utilization of the gas turbine exhaust which could lead to maximum plant efficiency.
The validation errors could be minimized with furnace block behaviour improvements gained with computational fluid dynamics integration, for instance. Consequently, all-inclusive analyses including emission control could be performed.
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Appendix I: Repowering alternatives
Appendix II: Circulating fluidized bed model validation results
Condenser outlet pressure [mbar] 36,20 mbar 36,10 mbar 35,99 mbar
Condenser outlet temperature [C] 36,50 C 35,90 C 35,40 C
Feed water pressure at vessel inlet [bar] 6,41 bar 11,28 bar 16,60 bar Feed water temperature at vessel inlet [bar] 137,00 bar 152,20 bar 163,10 bar Feed water vessel outlet temperature [C] 141,10 C 159,20 C 171,70 C
Flue gas temperature at air preheater inlet [C] 248,0 C 284,9 C 312,0 C Primary air mass flow [kg/s] 40,03 kg/s 57,73 kg/s 71,93 kg/s Primary air pressure at furnace inlet [bar] 1,08 bar 1,08 bar 1,083 bar Primary air temperature at furnace inlet [C] 157,40 C 184,20 C 205,5 C Secondary air mass flow [kg/s] 24,40 kg/s 51,61 kg/s 82,59 kg/s Secondary air pressure at furnace inlet [bar] 1,00 bar 1,00 bar 1,011 bar Secondary air temperature at furnace inlet [C] 162,20 C 184,70 C 200,4 C
Note! Pressure presented in absolute pressure.
Appendix III: Gas turbine model validation results
Generation
19 % 60 % 100 %
Generator output [MW] 7,00 MWe 22,00 MWe 37,00 MWe
Fuel input flow [kg/s] 0,89 kg/s 1,54 kg/s 2,18 kg/s
Fuel thermal energy flow [MW] 39,11 MWth 67,70 MWth 95,73 MWth
Net efficiency [%] 17,90 % 32,50 % 38,65 %
Compressor speed [rpm] 2320 rpm 2941 rpm 2966 rpm
Compressor outlet pressure [bar] 8,72 bar 15,48 bar 21,51 bar Compressor outlet temperature [C] 315,60 C 422,00 C 434,60 C Combustion chamber temperature [C] 992,00 C 1076,6 C 1101,7 C Gas generator turbine outlet pressure [bar] 2,31 bar 3,73 bar 5,09 bar Gas generator turbine outlet temperature [C] 749,40 C 747,90 C 764,70 C
Power turbine speed [rpm] 3000 rpm 3000 rpm 3000 rpm
Exhaust gas mass flow [kg/s] 46,33 kg/s 80,16 kg/s 110,42 kg/s Power turbine outlet pressure [bar] 1,01 bar 1,01 bar 1,01 bar Power turbine outlet temperature [C] 622,28 C 514,50 C 479,59 C
Note! Pressure presented in absolute pressure.