Chapter 8 Conclusions
8.4 Contribution Summary and Directions for Further Research
The introduction part of this thesis raised the following research questions: How could we ease the problems of using OO frameworks? What kind of tool support there should be for framework specialization? What kind of a method should we use for specifying framework reuse interfaces? How can we ease the burden of writing patterns for framework reuse interface specifications?
As solutions for these questions, the following contributions were provided: (1) an analysis of the challenges of framework specialization tools, (2) a definition of role-based patterns and their Java-specific extensions that can be used for de-scribing the reuse interfaces of Java frameworks, (3) a formal description of how tasks can be generated from role-based patterns in order to facilitate framework specialization, (4) a description of how patterns can be developed in a hierarchi-cal manner based on other more generic patterns, and (5) a specification of a method for using a library of generic JavaFrames for developing patterns for any framework reuse interface specification.
The most important contributions of this thesis are (1) the formal representation of our role-based patterns and (2) the representation of generic framework spe-cialization patterns in a library-format. The first contribution (a) shows that our pattern concept is generally applicable and not tied to the JavaFrames environ-ment, (b) allows us to examine the patterns more precisely, for example, to give a detailed specification for task generation, and (c) allows further evaluation of the patterns and comparison to other concepts. The second contribution demonstrates that it is possible to represent a considerable portion of the reuse mechanism of OO frameworks as a reusable collection of “framework specialization patterns”.
This kind of a library provides significant aid for developing framework-dependent instructions for framework specialization. The library allows a kind of meta-reuse: instead of reusing software, we reuse the rules for reusing software.
The theoretical contributions of this thesis were validated by implementing the JavaFrames environment that provides pattern-based task-oriented support for framework specialization. Also, JavaFrames was tested in case studies that em-ployed the library of generic patterns and the hierarchical method for specifying framework reuse interfaces.
The case studies showed that we have provided usable answers to the original research questions. Nevertheless, there is always room for new ideas. At the moment, interesting JavaFrames-related research is being conducted at the Tam-pere University of Technology: the researchers are trying to apply the idea of a task automaton and role bindings into solving the problem of managing the
“horizontal dependencies”, or slices in software systems. The problem stems from the fact that every software system must be divided into modules or devel-opment units based on some division criterion. Unfortunately, no matter how the division is done, there will always be dependencies, or aspects, that are spread across several modules. A tool developed based on JavaFrames could be imple-mented to manage these kinds of dependencies in software systems.
Our research interests at the University of Helsinki concern developing Java-Frames’ capabilities for handling also framework construction. At the moment many of JavaFrames’ features can be utilized for supporting any kind of software development where programming needs to be constrained against a predefined model. However, we acknowledge that in order to provide extensive support for framework construction, too, JavaFrames’ features should be further extended.
For example, during framework development, key-activities include changing the framework structure to allow new kinds of variations in the applications devel-oped from the framework (recall the discussion on framework evolution in Chap-ter 3.2.2). JavaFrames could be improved to enable quick and systemized change of framework hot spot implementations through, for example, changing the pat-tern instances or their implementation variations in the hot spots. With this kind of tool support for developing and using OO frameworks, software professionals could really meet the challenges of system development in the 21st century.
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