I. Developmental aspects of LLAEP
The pattern of obligatory auditory ERPs of childhood consists of the P100, N250, and N450 peaks and is consolidated during the first 6 months of life. The childhood correlate of the adult N1 wave, displaying its typical features, emerges later during childhood. Whereas generators of the childhood P100, N250, and N450 peaks probably reflect activity of the sound-feature analyzers, emergence of the N1 might signify onset of a higher level of sound analysis integration into ongoing mental activity.
Properties of the speech sound representations in the auditory sensory memory are likely to affect the formation and/or utilization of the corresponding representations within the phonological short-term memory buffer.
II. Findings in children with oral clefts
The ERP findings in infants and children with oral clefts of the present thesis provide evidence of primary involvement of central auditory processing in their language disabilities, in addition to the possible consequences of peripheral hearing loss.
As indexed by the MMN, the central auditory dysfunction is manifested as either impaired sound discrimination or shortened persistence of auditory sensory memory, depending on cleft type. Impairment of preattentive auditory discrimination is present from birth and is associated with cleft palate. Shortening of sensory memory, in contrast, emerges after infancy, and is most severe in children with cleft lip and palate.
Further developmental studies in children with clefts are needed in order to elaborate on the relationship between peripheral hearing loss, behavioral disability patterns, and central auditory processing, as indexed by ERPs.
III. LLAEP relevance in clinical childhood studies
Long-latency auditory event-related brain potentials, both obligatory components and the MMN, are powerful for investigating the functional development of the central auditory system starting from newborn age. The MMN, in particular, is the response showing the closest correspondence with conscious perception out of all the ERP components known to date.
Therefore it can and should be utilized in studies of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disorders where audition is, or might be, involved.
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