Theoretical study shows that the railway transport is the major freight carrier in Russia for both internal and external transportation (excluding pipelines), and there is a need to develop its services to provide customers with optimal transport solution. It is a vital mode of transport for both internal and external cargo flows of the country. Currently, Russian railway sector is in a middle of a deregulation process. At this stage there is a separation of rolling stock from the JSC RZD, while infrastructure and tariffs are still regulated by the Company. This allowed creating free competition in the wagon market, but technical performance of the industry is still low. Accession of the Russian Federation to the WTO will create a background for diversification of cargo transported, which should lead to improvement in country’s logistics performance. After joining the WTO, increase in both domestic and foreign investments, including into railway transport should be observed due to more transparent legislation and active penetration of Russian market by foreign companies.
Moderated customs legislation and customs procedures, including introduction of electronic documents, together with improved infrastructure will enhance exploiting of Russian transit potential and development of international transport corridors, which are mainly railway based. At the same time, improvement in road infrastructure will increase competition between railway transport and road, but nowadays, railway infrastructure is in better condition. Import cargo flows are forecasted to change more comparing to export ones. Structure of import cargo flows is also a factor for stiffening of competition with road transport, while export flows remain to consist mainly of oil and oil products, where railways can offer optimal solution for transportation.
In order not to lose the competitive edge and attract import flows on its service, railways have to offer for customers optimal transportation solution. To achieve that, variety of routes should be available. Also, additional capacities could be needed in case of import cargo flows growth. In the present work, case study considered the railway based
international transport corridor Rail Baltica Growth Corridor Russia. All in all, Russian companies are positive towards development of the new railway corridor. However, it was outlined, that the project implementation will be successful in case of sufficient cargo flows available for transportation in both directions. During the interviews it was revealed that even though railway infrastructure is in more or less good condition and is able to serve current cargo flows, additional investments are required to develop the Rail Baltica connection. This concerns not only the railway infrastructure itself, but also such supporting infrastructure as well-developed system of dry ports, perfectly operating point of boogie changing between 1520 and 1435 mm gauges, capacity of border-crossing points, well coordinated work of locomotive service and so on. To develop the corridor private investments are needed, however private companies are ready to invest into the project only in case it would be profitable.
As of today, though Russian private transport companies are interested in implementation of the project, existing problems with border-crossing infrastructure, unclear decision-making processes, and non-transparent customs procedures from Russian side do not allow currently making services of the corridor smooth, clear and predictable. Without solving these problems RBGC Russia will be hardly competitive against road and sea transportation in the region. According to the interviewers, to be competitive and attract cargo on its service Rail Baltica should, primarily, offer the competitive price. There could be flexibility in price level, if the corridor has such additional features as suitable frequency, shorter lead time or more developed set of value added services comparing to trucking or short sea companies. It should be noted, that Russian companies are less demanding towards the lead time comparing to the European countries, which have taken part in the Rail Baltica Growth Corridor project.
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RZD-Partner (2010). Доля ж/д транспорта в структуре коммерческих перевозок выросла в январе-августе до 42,5 %, Freely translated into English: Share of the
RZD-Partner (2010). Доля ж/д транспорта в структуре коммерческих перевозок выросла в январе-августе до 42,5 %, Freely translated into English: Share of the