In conclusion, the results of the study clearly echo those of previous research with a great weight being given to health and well-being related social sustainability indicators, and similarly to existing research they were identified as often lacking in realisation. Equity was also found an important social sustainability factor both in this thesis and in previous studies, but unlike in previous studies where it was found problematic in terms of realisation, in the case study it was found especially well realised. A few social sustainability indicators stood up as being quite gendered or age specific in the results, which was also expected based on previous studies. Overall, the study provides a good view on social sustainability preferences and priorities of different stakeholders and demographics, but further research is needed in order to gain a clearer view of the reasoning behind the results.
List of references
Ahmad, T., & Thaheem, M. J. (2017). Developing a residential building-related social sustainability assessment framework and its implications for BIM. Sustainable Cities and Society, 28, 1-15.
Arup. (2016). The circular economy in the built environment. Arup. London.
Atanda, J. O. (2019). Developing a social sustainability assessment framework. Sustainable Cities and Society, 44, 237-252.
Bal, M., Bryde, D.J., Fearon, D., Ochieng, E. (2013). Stakeholder engagement: Achieving sustainability in the construction sector. Sustainability, 6(2), 695-710. 10.3390/su5020695 Baldassarri, D., & Diani, M. (2007). The integrative power of civic networks. American Journal of Sociology, 113(3), 735–780. doi:10.1086/521839
Barron, L., & Gauntlett, E. (2002). Stage 1 report – model of social sustainability. Housing and sustainable communities’ indicators project. Perth: Murdoch University.
Boyer, E. J. (2016). Identifying a knowledge management approach for public-private partnerships. Public Performance & Management Review, 40(1), 158–180.
doi:10.1080/15309576.2016.1204928
Brandon, P.S., Lombardi, P.L. (2010). Evaluating sustainable development in the built environment. Wiley Blackwell. West Sussex.
Brandon, P.S., Lombardi, P., Shen, G. (2017). Future challenges in evaluating and managing sustainability development in the built environment. Wiley Blackwell. West Sussex.
Brundtland, Gro Harlem (1987) Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development:”Our Common Future”. New York: United Nations.
Byrch, C., Kearins, K., Milne, M. J., & Morgan, M. K. (2007). Sustainable ‘what’? A cognitive approach to understanding sustainable development. Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management, 4(1), 26-52. https://doi.org/10.1108/11766090710732497 Carrots & Sticks. (2016). Global trends in sustainability reporting regulation and policy.
Retrieved from http://www.carrotsandsticks.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Carrots-Sticks-2016.pdf
Cocklin, C., & Alston, M. (2003). Community sustainability in rural Australia: A question of capital? Wagga Wagga: Center for Rural Social Research, Charles Sturt University.
Colantonio, A., & Dixon, T. (Eds.). (2010). Urban regeneration & social sustainability; best practice from European cities. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Creswell, J. (2009) Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. Third edition. 260 p. ISBN 978-1-4129-6557-6.
Crowther, D. (2003). Social responsibility and the marketization of higher education. Staff and Educational Development International, 7(1), 23-40.
Darchen, S., & Ladouceur, E. (2013). Social sustainability in urban regeneration practice: A case study of fortitude valley renewal plan in Brisbane. Australian Planner, 50(4), 340–350.
doi:10.1080/07293682.2013.764909
Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with Forks: The triple bottom line of 21st-century business.
Capstone Publishing. Oxford
Elkington, J. (2004). Enter the triple bottom line. In A. Henriques & J. Richardson (Eds.), The triple bottom line, does it all add up? Assessing the sustainability of business and CSR (pp. 1-16). London: Earthscan Publications.
EPRA. (2016). Real Estate in the Real Economy. EPRA, European Real Estate Association.
Brussels.
European Commission. (2016). Non-Financial Reporting. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/finance/company-reporting/non-financial_reporting/index_en.htm Finnish institute for health and welfare 2018 ISBN 978-952-343-083-9 (painettu) ISSN 1798-0070 (painettu) ISBN 978-952-343-084-6 (verkkojulkaisu) ISSN 1798-0089 (verkkojulkaisu) http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-343-084-6
Forsberg, A., von Malmborg, F. (2004). Tools for environmental assessment of the built
environment. Building and Environment, 39(2), 223-228.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2003.09.004
Glass, J. (2012). The state of sustainability reporting in the construction sector. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1(1), 87-104. https://doi.org/10.1108/20466091211227070 Godschalk, D., & Rouse, D. (2015). Sustaining places: Best practices for comprehensive plans. Chicago: American Planning Association.
González Martínez, M. F. (2015). Social sustainability in the land use planning process of Bogotá (Master’s thesis). Aalto University. Retrieved from https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/18124
Hirsjärvi, S., Remes, P. and Sajavaara, P. (2009) Tutki ja kirjoita. Helsinki: Tammi. 464 p.
ISBN: 978-951-31-4836-2.
Hoesli, M., Gibb, K. (2003). Developments in urban housing and property markets. Urban Studies, 40(5-6), 887-896. https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098032000074227
Holman, N., & Rydin, Y. (2013). What can social capital tell us about planning under localism? Local Government Studies, 39(1), 71–88. doi:10.1080/03003930.2012.675330 IPCC. (2014). Climate change 2014 – Mitigation of climate change. Cambridge University Press. New York
Johansson, T., Segerstedt, E., Olofsson, T., & Jakobsson, M. (2016). Revealing social values by 3D city visualization in city transformations. Sustainability, 8(2), 195.
doi:10.3390/su8020195
Kahila-Tani, M., Broberg, A., Kyttä, M., & Tyger, T. (2016). Let the citizen map: Public participation GIS as a planning support system in the Helsinki master plan process. Planning Practice & Research, 31(2), 195–214. doi:10.1080/02697459.2015.1104203
Jones, P., Comfort, D., & Hillier, D. (2015). Materiality and external assurance in corporate sustainability reporting: an exploratory study of UK house builders. Property Management, 33(5), 430-450. https://doi.org/10.1108/PM-03–2015–0014
KPMG. (2015). Currents of change – the KPMG survey of corporate responsibility reporting 2015. The Netherlands: KPMG.
Lombardi, P., Cooper, I., Paskaleva, K., Deakin, M. (2009). The challenges of designing user-centric eservices: European dimensions. In: Reddick, C. (ed.) Strategies for local e-government adoption and implementation: Comparative studies. 460-477. IGI Global books.
Hershey, PA.
Maginn, P. J. (2007). Towards more effective community participation in urban regeneration: The potential of collaborative planning and applied ethnography. Qualitative Research, 7(1), 25–43. doi:10.1177/1468794106068020
McKenzie, S. (2004). Social sustainability: Towards some definitions. Working Paper Series No 27. Hawke Research Institute University of South Australia. Retrieved from
http://naturalcapital.us/images/Social%20Sustainability%20-20Towards%20Some%20Definitions_20100120_024059.pdf
Meegan, R., & Mitchell, A. (2001). ‘It’s not community round here, it’s neighbourhood’:
Neighbourhood change and cohesion in urban regeneration policies. Urban Studies, 38, 2167–2194. doi:10.1080/00420980120087117
Ministry of the environment 2017 Mitä on kestävä kehitys. http://www.ym.fi/fi-fi/ymparisto/kestava_kehitys/mita_on_kestava_kehitys
Natarajan, L. (2017). Socio-spatial learning: A case study of community knowledge in participatory spatial planning. Progress in Planning, 111, 1–23.
doi:10.1016/j.progress.2015.06.002
Park, J., Yoon, J., & Kim, K. H. (2017). Critical review of the material criteria of building sustainability assessment tools. Sustainability, 9(2), 186.
Puppim De Oliveira, J.A., Doll, C.N.H, Kurniawan, T.A., Geng, Y., Kapshe, M., Huisingh, D. (2013). Promoting win-win situations in climate change mitigation, local environmental quality and development in Asian cities through co-benefits. Journal of Cleaner Production, 58, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcle-pro.2013.08.011
PwC 2019, https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/megatrends/climate-change-and-resource-scarcity.html
Rakennusteollisuus 2017 https://www.rakennusteollisuus.fi/Tietoa-alasta/Ilmasto-ymparisto-ja-energia/Materiaalitehokkuus/
Rashidfarokhi, A. (2019). Sustainability language in operation of different built environment settings-perceptions, actions and motivations.
Rashidfarokhi, A., Toivonen, S., Viitanen, K. (2018a). Sustainability reporting in the Nordic real estate companies: Empirical evidence from Finland. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 22(1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2018.321
Rashidfarokhi, A., Yrjänä, L., Wallenius, M., Toivonen, S., Ekroos, A., Viitanen, K.
(2018b). Social sustainability tool for assessing land use planning processes. European Planning Studies, 26(6), 1269-1296. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1461811 Rossi, Peter H., James D. Wright, and Andy B. Anderson, eds. Handbook of survey research.
Academic Press, 2013.
RY. Rakennettu ympäristö. 2013. Uutiset. [verkkojulkaisu][viitattu 29.7.2017] Saatavissa:
http://www.rakennustieto.fi/lehdet/ry/index/uutiset/P_3678.html.
Sitra 2018, https://media.sitra.fi/2018/09/03142041/megatrendikortitwebfin31-08-2018.pdf Staffans, A., Rantanen, H., & Nummi, P. (2010). Local internet forums: Interactive land use planning and urban development in neighbourhoods. In N. C. Silva (Ed.), Handbook for research on e-planning: ICTs for urban development and monitoring (pp. 80–102). USA:
IGI Global.
STAR Communities. (2016). Our framework. Retrieved from http://www.starcommunities.org/about/framework/
Stender, M., & Walter, A. (2019). The role of social sustainability in building assessment. Building Research & Information, 47(5), 598-610.
Toivonen, S. (2011). Future office markets – the forces of change, and their impact on commercial
aspirations of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Doctoral thesis. Aalto University. Espoo, Finland
Toivonen, S., Viitanen, K. (2015). Forces of change shaping the future commercial real estate market in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area in Finland. Land Use Policy, 42, 471–478.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.09.004
Tsoutsoura, M. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Haas School of Business, Applied financial project, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from http://escholarship.org/uc/item/111799p2
Tunstall, R., Lupton, R., Power, A., & Richardson, L. (2011). Building the big society (CASE Reports; No. 67). York: CASE, LSE.
Vehkalahti, K. (2014) Kyselytutkimuksen mittarit ja menetelmät. Finn Lectura. 223 p.
ISBN 978-951-792-2
Yildiz, A., Ozerim, G. (2014). Corporate social responsibility in European context. In:
Turker, D., Toker, H., Altuntas, C. (Eds.) Contemporary issues in corporate social responsibility. Lexington Books. The USA.
Yrjänä, L., Rashidfarokhi, A., Toivonen, S., & Viitanen, K. (2018). Looking at retail planning policy through a sustainability lens: Evidence from policy discourse in Finland. Land Use Policy, 79, 190-198.
Appendix 1 (1/1)
Appendix 2 (1/2)
Appendix 2 (2/2)
Appendix 3 (1/2)
Appendix 3 (2/2)
Appendix 4 (1/1)
Appendix 5 (1/2)
Appendix 5 (2/2)