Currently, fifteen CBEs operate within the Zambia Dry Sanitation Country Program in the Madimba area. The CBEs have different roles in the sanitation chain. They operate related to the construction, run the water kiosks, focus on the awareness creation and teaching activities or do some other activities of the sanitation chain. The CBEs have different types of businesses and backgrounds. Some have been operating for a long time and they do other business activities as well in addition to their role in the sanitation chain, while others have been established by the project and focus on one kind of activities only. The CBEs are introduced shortly in this chapter. The information about them is collected through interviewing each CBE. Interviews were held in Lusaka within time period 19th December 2018 – 4th January 2019. Some of the interviewees were speaking in local language, so a translator was used, which may have affected on the quality of the results. Template for the questionnaire is found in appendix 4.
Three CBEs in the area are building dry toilets. Two of these enterprises do not have names and neither are registered. They are run by Mr. Mulaishu and Mr. Mutale. They build dry toilets for customers and get paid afterwards by the households and/or the project depending on the type of dry toilet built. Mr. Mulaishu works under the Ministry of Health and is also affiliated with the government (LSP). He employs five temporary workers. Customers want dry toilets constructed by them, because duration of the toilets is longer compared to pit latrines and there is a possibility for cost-sharing of the dry toilet costs. Customers also trust that the builders are experts since they are trained by the NECOS. (Construction - Mr.
Mulaishu, Interview 02.01.2019, Lusaka.) Mr. Mutale, on the other hand, employs three temporary workers. He provides quality work for customers with competitive pricing.
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(Construction - Mr. Mutale, Interview 03.01.2019, Lusaka.) Third construction CBE is called “Global Environmental Recreation Sanitation”, which is registered and operated by Mr. Geshoum. He was working for the same dry toilet project earlier but recently started building dry toilets for other projects through his own NGO funded by the government’s Community Development Funds (CDF). He employs eleven permanent workers. Even though he operates on his own, he is still getting some material in co-operation with the project and the NECOS. (Global Environmental Recreation Sanitation, Interview 03.01.2019, Lusaka.)
Related to the construction, there is a CBE called “Mondo Creation”, doing metal fabrication and providing doors to project’s dry toilets. It is run by Mr. Mondoka and it has not been registered yet. The enterprise is employing three permanent and two temporary workers.
(Mondo Creation, Interview 19.12.2018, Lusaka.) The hardware supplier is a CBE that will be called “Anylac Hardware” when it will get registered. It is run by Mr. Anyandawile, and it provides necessary equipment for the dry toilet construction in the area, like sewer pipes.
The CBE has not hired employees yet, but Mr. Anyandawile’s wife will become a partner when company gets registered. (Anylac Hardware, Interview 03.01.2019, Lusaka.) After dry toilets or water kiosks are constructed, they are painted by the “Brotherhood General Dealers”. The CBE will be registered in February 2019 and is operated by Mr. Luckyfela.
Currently, they have six people working; two volunteers, three contracted workers and the CEO. In addition to the painting, they participate in keeping the environment clean and sensitize people as well as supply material for the dry toilet cleaning. They get paid after the work is done and customers are satisfied with the work, which brings in more customers.
(Brotherhood General Dealers, Interview 03.01.2019, Lusaka.) After painting, signwriting is made by Mr. Shimese from a CBE called “Gabriel’s Graphics”. It is not yet registered either. Company has three flexible workers, who they try to engage as permanent workers, after registration. They work for the project and get 150 ZMK per each labeling work done.
In addition to the dry toilets and water kiosks, they do signwriting for other projects as well.
(Gabriel’s Graphics, Interview 20.12.2018, Lusaka.)
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Water kiosks have been built to two locations in the Madimba area. One was in operation since 2008 but it got broken around 2011 and a new kiosk to replace that was built recently.
It will open this year 2019 and it will be run by Mrs. Daka. The CBE does not have a name and is not registered. Mrs. Daka is the only person working there and even she is volunteering in order to help the situation in community. (Water kiosk - Mrs. Daka, Interview 04.01.2019, Lusaka.) The other kiosk is run by Mrs. Nyimbe, but operated by her daughter, Mrs.
Mubitelela, who is basically a volunteer as well. The CBE is registered under the name
“Water for kids”. They provide safe and tested water for cooking and drinking purposes.
(Water for kids, Interview 04.01.2019, Lusaka.) Borehole installation and plumbing for the kiosks is made by “Man’s field enterprise”, run by Mr. Masaka. The CBE was registered, but registration is not renewed. Currently, they employ ten temporary workers and two permanent electricians. The CBE has received some contracts through the project and they do plumbing installation and maintenance to the households as well. Their income is generated from payments of small contracts. (Man’s field enterprise, Interview 21.12.2018, Lusaka.)
Few CBEs have been established or engaged related to teaching and sensitizing people as well as empowering women. An organization called “Madimba” is run by Mrs. Kalonga.
She volunteers to teach households for the use of dry toilets and the use of fecal matter and urine as fertilizers. She is not generating any income by doing that and has not received any financial support, apart from personal benefits of using the dry toilet. (Madimba, Interview 02.01.2019.) A registered CBE called “Real Time Cultural Group” participates sensitizing people in the community by performing and teaching how to use dry toilets and prevent diseases. It is run by Mrs. Sichilya. It employs fifteen permanent workers, and they perform when the project engages them and they are paid after the work is done. Otherwise, they perform in kitchen parties, weddings, and government programs making some dances and sketches. (Real Time Cultural Group, Interview 04.01.2019, Lusaka.) A CBE called
“Madimba Women Group” has been created through the project, to empower women in the area. They teach each other different skills, from cooking to handy crafts and sell their products. The organization has thirty volunteer members in the group and it is not yet registered. (Madimba Women Group, Interview 04.01.2019, Lusaka.)
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Previously there was a “Sustainable Sanitation” enterprise emptying dry toilets and transporting the collected urine or manure to the demonstration farm. (Piirilä 2014b, p. 3.) Later, the demonstration farm was not continued, because the plantation was taken for construction. After that Mr. Mwansa started a CBE for toilet emptying, which is not yet registered and does not have a name. He empties toilets and after that the material will be used in gardens or disposed. Mr. Mwansa is working alone and is getting paid by the households and the NECOS 60-80 ZMK per each emptying. Customers contact him when the emptying is needed. (Toilet emptying - Mr. Mwansa, Interview 02.01.2019, Lusaka.)
“Madimba Solid Waste” is a registered CBE mainly collecting waste from the households, but also sensitizing people to keep their homes clean, and discouraging digging pits and pit latrines to prevent diseases and outbreaks. It is operated by Mrs. Nyimbe and in addition to her, two permanent and two temporary lauders are hired. (Madimba Solid Waste, Interview 03.01.2019, Lusaka.)
During the interviews it was found out that most of the CBEs are not registered, currently only 33% of the enterprises are registered and the rest is working informally. Although some had been registered before, but they have not renewed their registration. Most of the CBEs are willing and planning to register in near future. One-third of the CBEs did not have a name for the enterprise, even though some of them had plans what the name could be. The CBE’s are mostly small, some have not even hired any workforce and are just run by volunteers. Otherwise, the people employed varies between one to fifteen permanent workers, excluding the thirty volunteers of the Madimba Women Group.