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Information Security Awareness at the Finnish Open Universities

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/ % ' < /4 ' 14 7 8 @ & ' /4

)/ @ 5 / ' % 1 ) 5 '@ )4 ' )4

/ 4 A- ' (..$ B

/ ' // 1 1 / ' ' )

)/ @ 8 ) / 4 1 ) ' 1 '@ ' / '@ ' ' / ' )4

4 / : 4 / @ ' //4 ) 5 '

4 % 8 % @ &

' ) @ ' 1 ' @ ' A- ' (..$ B

" 4 / /4 8 ' 1 /@ / @

//4 ' 1 )/ 1 A- ' (..$B 1 //4 ' 1 )/

1 ' )4 # 4 8 ) 5 ' /

' ' /@ /' / ' ' 4 1 @ 4 ' 1 '

5 @ ' )/ / % '

1

+ ( - 8 '

/ 4 8 4 4 % 8 &/4 & & 4

/ 4 1 11 )4 / 4 % ' 4? ?' 4 %

2 @ 8 / 4 % 8 ' 1 '

(30)

@ 4 ' /4 4 & @ ) 4 / % 8 4

& & & / 4 ' /' / ' 1

1 A (.. B

A(...F !+0B J 8 / 1 8 ' ) '

54 K ' 1 8 ' /4 )/ ' &

)/ 8 8 1 8 ' 4

) @ & ? ' JC K 1 ' @

& / % J 'P(80 K@ ' 4 ) 1 / 1 '

& 8 ' @ 4 1 / ' 8 ' 8 1

/4 ) 1 & ) (

< & 8 ' A2/ Q G 7 / 4 (..$B@ ) & // 1 4

) ' 11 /

' & '4 )4 " 2/ Q ' 7 / 4 A(..$B ' $.

1 // 8 ' & '/ 1 / & 1 /4 / 8 ? /

' (. 1 8 ' /4 ' & '4

/ ' ' / 8 ' /

//

+ ( / '

& / & @ 8 /' ) / ' 4

1 ' @ ) 1 % / )

& & 1 /4 // 1 1 ) 1 / 1

' @ ) / '' A * (...F !0 B

1 / '' ) ) & ) 8 /' ' %

& ' ' 1 ' 1 / '' ' '

A * (..+ F 6B # /' )/ ' ) 4 '' 1 /'

8 ' & ) /% / ' ' ' / ''

(31)

: @ M / % 1 M 8 %@

) ' 1 8 // // 1 @ 8 M // '

& @ )/ /4 % 8 &/4 ' /4 % // ' 1 '

% 1 8 % ' ' &

/ 1 & 9 1 4 / 4

' ' ) / 1 @ ) / 8

- ' 1 / /' ) ' &

& A * (..+ F 6 B

+ + 1 4 &

J ) ' ' & ' 11 / 4 @

' ) 1 / 1 @ ' & '/ @

8 ' 1 & 2 1 //

8 1 )4 /' ' @ ' /4 / % 8 ' 1 ' //

8 8 /' 1 )4 8 ' @ / % 8 & /4

1 1 1 ' @ 8 / 8 1 I '

/4 1 ' / 4 1 % '@ 8 ' /4 ) /

4 & 8 / 4 ' / 5 1 K

/R // A! 06S! ($B

; 4 A(..$B / 4 1 4 &

& //4 & ' / 1 4 & /

8 & ' & ' 1 4 ' 4

' / ' 1 8 //4 ' 1 )/ 1

' ' 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 & O /

& 4 ' //4 ' 1 )/ 1

' 4 1 & & / / 4 & & ' & 1 & '

/ 4 ) / 4 / ' 1 5 / 11 8 ' ' /

' ' 4 1 & & ' /

/ 9 ' & 8 1 4 4

(32)

' & / @ * G A(..+F ,B /

% 8/ '& ) ' ' ' 8 & @ 8 ' ' 1 A

LB ' % 8/ '& A6 LB A2 & ( B 5 / 1 / ' '

' / / 1 @ 8 @ 1 // 1 1

1 ' % &@ @ % 8/ '& @ 8 // '

8 ' * 1/ // 8

& 9 ' /' ) ' ' 8 % & / 1 & 9

4 A / / (..+F ,H6 B

($ %! 1 ) ' 1 5 / ' 1 A / /

(..+F !!B

1 4 ' & & & & 1 / ' /

1 1 / / A(..+F 6B ) / 1 @

1 4 8 8 // 5 ' ' 1

4 ' 8 // ) /4 ) ' % 8/ '& 2 & 9 @

(33)

& ? ) 8 & 9 ' / /'

) & 8 4 ' A / / (..+F 6 B

/ / A(..+F !!B /4 // 1 1 4

' 1 & 8 % // ' / & / %

/ ' ' 1 1 // 8 & 1 F

• $

A / / (..+F !! B

' ' & / 5 ' 1 ' & /

1 4 ' & ' //4@ ' &/4 1 @

4 ' /' ) ' ' 1 /4 /

& & 1 ) ' )4 & '?

8 / /@ )4 & 4 % // @ )4 & '? '

)4 ' & 1 A / / (..+F !+ B

* A(...@ ! 6B 1 4

/ ' 8 % & ' % ) 7

4 1 ' & 1 4 / ) ' '@

/ 4 4 % 1 8 4 )4 4 / ' /

M % ) && 4 )/ 1 @ '

/ 9 /' ) ' ' & ' / ' / &? & /

A G * !66,F +(6B

@ 1 4 / ' 1 / '

) // ' )4 ' 1 1 * ) ' ' & 8 // )4 1

4 & ' & & 9 ' 1 / & '

' 4 / / ' * ) 1 @ )

' 8 / 4 ' 1 A * (..+ F B

(34)

/ & ' ' 1 4 /@

4) '4 ' ' / ) 1 1 4 ' 11

/ / 4 1 & 9 A !666F ! ,B ' &

A!666F ! 6B / 4 /' ) / 4 '

1 4 & / 4 / 1 4 /8 4

1 )/ / & & 9 ) 4 ' 4 8 '

/ &4 )/ 5 & % & / ' )4 '

& 1 // / 4 * A(...F !0$B '' 1 '?

1 8 / ' 11 1 4

& ' / @ 1 5 / & ' / 1 1 ' 1

8

(35)

# 3 2 7 2 : 2 ;3

1 1 4 8 2

# ) ' )4 / % & 1 4

' & ' 1 ' & & & / & / @

8 1 4 8 8 '

1 1 4

- 1 /' 9 / ' 1 1 / '

) / ' & # / 4 8 % /

' / ' / ) / & 1 1 4

& 9 ' 1 4 & ) % ' )4

1 & ' / ) ' 1 1 4

8 %@ 4 ' ) ' &/4 4 ) ' / 4 ) / 4

' 1 4 ' 4

/ / 1 1 4 8 1/ ' )4 /

/ % & & 9 /@ / & / ' ' ' / 1 # 8 @

) ' 1/ ' )4 1 4 & @

/ ' 8 % / 8 // / 1 @

% 8/ '& @ ' ' / ; & / & & ' / 8 //4

' 1 )/ 1 ' ) ' 1 ' )4 & 9

8 & ' / 1 // 8 '

/ / 1 1 4 8 & 9 & /4

' ' 5 1 1 4 & & )

' & 1 1 & '' @

/ 1 ' @ ' % // &

1/ / / 1 8 8 % / /

& 1 1/ / / 1 1 4 8

(36)

1 1 ? / 8 1/ 1 ?

'@ / ) ' <

) ' / 1 ' & 1 1 4 '

' 1 1 ' & 1/ ' )4 / ) %& '

' 8 // )4 ' @ 8

? '

(37)

# ; 2 7 7

1 8 / / 1 1 4 8

& ' / 1 # 2 / ' /

' ' 1 1 # 2 / ' ' 1 4 '

)* 1 // 8 & 8 // / < ' 8

1 < @ 8 ' 2 ' 5 ! '

&/ ' 5 (

! )*

< 8 ' ' ' / 1 !6 2

# 8 8 ' )4 !!+ ' @ 1 8 8 1 /

' /4 5 8 / A2 & + B 8 $@ L@ 8

' ' ' / 0 & 1 ' ' 8

// ' & ) & ' (6?4 ? /' & & 1 +.H+6?

4 ? /' @ .H 6?4 ? /' ' .H0 ?4 ? /' ' ' (6 L 1

' A2 & + B " 1 ' '

' / ' 5 + /1 1 ' 8 -/ '

7 ' 1 '4 11 @ ' 8 @ '4 ' ' @ , L

8 & ' 1 / A2 & B

(38)

Age

50–65- years-old 40–49-

years-old 30–39-

years-old Under 29-

years-old

Count

40

30

20

10

0

Female Male Gender

($ %!6 & ' & ' 1 '

# 8 / 1 ' / & @ ' // ' &

) 1 ' / 4 4 ' / 1

# 4 8 / % ' & # 8 ) 7 /1 1

' 8 1 ' ? 9 # ; / ' 8

1 / & # ' !!@ L 1 // # A2 & B

/ // 1 ' ' 8 % ' # 4 1 4 @

1 8 1 1 4 ' 5 1 4

/4 ) 6 L ' 8 % ' # 4 1 / 4 A2 & B

* 4 1 ' 8 11 A2 & B ' (( L 1

' 8 )/ ' 8 4 A2 & 0 B

(39)

Job description

Secretary / Study Advisor /

Tutor IT personnel

Planner / Head of Study Affairs Manager

Count

30

20

10

0

Small Medium Large Size of the Open University

($ %!7 C ) ' ' ' ) 1 ' ' & 9 1

# 4

Duration of employment

Over three years 1–3 years

Less than a Less than year

three months

Count

100

80

60

40

20

0

Temporary Permanent Nature of the

contract

($ %!8 1 ' ' 1 / 4

(40)

Sharing of duties is possible with

More than 4 employees 2–3 employees

No-one

Count

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

($ %!9 - ) / 4 ' 8 // &

: % & ) / & 8 //4 ' 1 )/ '

' 8 ' 8 1 ' / // 1 '

' //4 ' 1 )/ 1 @ / ' 4 ) @

' '' A )/ ! B ; / /1 1 8 -/ @ ' '

8 @ '4 ' ' ' 0 L ) / & ' &

/ / 1 / * 4 1 ' ' 8 % ' # 4 1

4 ' 5 1 4 /4 // ) 1

' 8 % ' # 4 1 / 4 1 8

11@ 8 / ' 4 < 1

' 8 ' ' / ' / @ /'

' 8 4 2 < 4 )/ 1 ' < / '

' 5 +

/1 1 ' ' ) / 4 8 ' //4

' 1 )/ 1 A )/ !B ) /1 1 8 @ '4

' ' ' & /4 /1 8 -/ 1 '

8 % ' # 4 1 4 @ 1 1 1 4 '

0 L 1 ' 4 / / / ' 1 ' 4 '

(41)

1 8 11 1 1 1 /'

' 8 4

5 1 ' /' 1 ' // & ' 8 '

A )/ ! B * 4 1 8 -/ ' @ ) 8 < /

5 8 & ' 0 L / 1 ' 8 % '

# 4 1 4 ' 8 11

- !5 - /O &

Access rights yes no total yes

% no

% Access to students' personal details 104 9 113 92,0 8,0 Right to change students' personal details 68 45 113 60,2 39,8 Access to personnel’s user names and passwords 16 97 113 14,2 85,8 Right to change user name or password for

personnel 6 107 113 5,3 94,7

5 1 ' 8 )/ & // & ' 8 '

4 ' //4 ' 1 )/ 1 A )/ ! B 8 1

8 -/ @ 8 / ' 8 4 ' //

8 % ' # 4 1 4 @ 1 1 1 4 4

8 // 11 ) 1 # 4

( < 1 /49 & "

" ' ' ) ) 1 1 '

4 ' / ' & 8 / & /4 @ 4

1 ) 1 < /4 1 ' 2 < 1 '

5 1 ' / 8 ' '

' @ 8 8 8 ' ' )

/ @ ) / 4 1 ' ' ' ' 1 /

(42)

& 1 ' @ 8 4 @ ) ' 11 & 1

/ 8 ' ' ' @ / 4 '

/ /4 ' ' ) ' & 1 / ) 8 8

)/ 1 / - / @

8 ' 1/ ' & 1 / / ) 8 8

)/ ' & 1 P! ?! / 1 P! 1

/ / ) 8 8 )/ '' -

/ @ 8 ' / / @ 8 ' // 8

' 8 / ) 8 4 8 )/ 8 /' ) @ 1 '

)/ 8 /'

+ - 1 1

1 ' 8 /' % / ' 4 ) 8 '

A )/ ( B 7 8 @ 1 ' / & J &/4

& K@ ' 4 8 /' % ' / ' 4

) 8 ' /4@ 1 ' 8 / &

/ ' 4 ) ' 8 4 ' ' @ 8

/ ' J & K@ ' ' ) ' ' %

)/ & 1 / 4 / ' 4 ) 1 ' )4

/ ' J &/4 ' & K < 8 /

' 4 ) 4 ) % ' )4 /@ ' ' J 1 /

T 5 U 1 ) '' K / & J &/4 & K '

8 /' 8 / / ' 4 ) )4

/ 1 ' ' / ' 14 & / ' 4 )

8 ' )4 / 7 8 @ ! L 1 ' / ' J &/4

& K < A )/ + B

(43)

- ! : // 14 / ' 4 ) 8 '

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly disagree 27 23,9 24,8 24,8

Disagree 13 11,5 11,9 36,7

Neither agree nor disagree 8 7,1 7,3 44,0

Agree 14 12,4 12,8 56,9

Strongly agree 47 41,6 43,1 100,0

Valid

Total 109 96,5 100,0

Missing System 4 3,5

Total 113 100,0

- !6 : // 14 / ' 4 ) 8 ' )4 /

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly disagree 59 52,2 54,1 54,1

Disagree 15 13,3 13,8 67,9

Neither agree nor disagree 11 9,7 10,1 78,0

Agree 7 6,2 6,4 84,4

Strongly agree 17 15,0 15,6 100,0

Valid

Total 109 96,5 100,0

Missing System 4 3,5

Total 113 100,0

/ 0. L 1 ' ' % 4 11 8 /' /4 )4

8 / ' & 1 ' 11

7 8 @ . L ' 4 4 ' 4

8 1 8 ' % 4 11 / /1 1 '

' ' / % - 8 4 8 )4 (, L 1 ' ' '

/ % 11 ' 8 4 / 1 11 1 8 / ' @

8 % @ ' / )/ 4 @ 8

' 11 8 // @ 4 4 / % ' 8 %

' ' 8 ' / 1

' 1 // ' ' ' & 11 ' /4 - /

8 ' ' / % - 11 ' 8 / & 11 1 8 /

(44)

' ' ' & 11 ' /4 !( L 1 //

' 4 // 1 / ' // & & 4 !!

L 1 // & / / ' @ !! L 1 // -/ ' ! L 1

A )/ B 4 ' 1 ( L 1 // ' 1 / &

# ' (( L 1 // ' 1 ' ? 9 #

4 !(@ L 1 // / 8 8 % ' # 4

1 4 ' ! L 1 // / 8 8 % ' 1

4 A )/ B 4 1 !( L 1 // 11 ' !+ L 1 //

/ 4 // 1 ' ' /

' / ' /4 8 1 8 )/ 8 ' / '' @ 8 1

' / ' 8 '

- !7 C ) ' 1 ' 8 ' ' / % - 11 ' ' '

' & 11 ' /4

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Manager 1 7,1 7,1 7,1

Planner / Head of Study

Affairs 7 50,0 50,0 57,1

Secretary / Study

Advisor / Tutor 6 42,9 42,9 100,0

Valid

Total 14 100,0 100,0

- !8 " 1 / 4 1 ' 8 ' ' / % - 11 ' '

' ' & 11 ' /4

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

1–3 years 2 14,3 14,3 14,3

Over three years 12 85,7 85,7 100,0

Valid

Total 14 100,0 100,0

/ 4 / % ' 11 ' 8 / & 1 / & ' 1

' !. L 1 ' ' ' ' 8 / & 11 1 - 8

/ & 8 % / 1 / & ) 0 L 1 / ' ' /8 4 /

& 4 ' ' & ' 8 ' '

(45)

/ & 11 1 & ' & 4 / '

4 2 5 / @

& 4 4 & ' ' 4 ) ' & '

/ ) / 4 1 1 4 ) ' ' ) / / && & 1

&

- !9 / & ' 8 ' / 1 4 "

" %

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Strongly disagree 6 5,3 5,4 5,4

Disagree 11 9,7 9,8 15,2

Neither agree nor disagree 7 6,2 6,3 21,4

Agree 34 30,1 30,4 51,8

Strongly agree 54 47,8 48,2 100,0

Valid

Total 112 99,1 100,0

Missing System 1 ,9

Total 113 100,0

! L 1 ' 4 / ' 8 ' / ' /

' 4 " " % A )/ 0 B 1 ' / %

- 11 ' 8 / & 11 1 8 / ' '

& 11 ' /4 1 4 // ' /

' / ' /4 1 ' & 8 ' 1

8 % ' # 4 1 4 4 !! L 1

& / / ' @ 0 L 1 // -/ ' L 1 //

4 / & ' ' ? 9 #

( L 1 ' 4 % ' 8 ' / ' /

' % A )/ $ B 1 ' / % - 11 ' 8

/ & 11 1 8 / ' ' & 11 ' /4

1 4 // ' / ' / ' /4 1

' & 8 ' 1 8 % '

# 4 1 4 4 !! L 1 & / /

(46)

' @ , L 1 // -/ ' !. L 1 // ' 8

1 / & ' ' ? 9 #

- !: & ' 8 ' / 1 ' %

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Strongly disagree 28 24,8 25,0 25,0

Disagree 24 21,2 21,4 46,4

Neither agree nor disagree 12 10,6 10,7 57,1

Agree 37 32,7 33,0 90,2

Strongly agree 11 9,7 9,8 100,0

Valid

Total 112 99,1 100,0

Missing System 1 ,9

Total 113 100,0

@ L 1 // ' 8 8 4 ' & ' /

' / 8 / 8 /' / ' - 1 4 8

1 ' 4 ' & + L 1 ' ' '

% % 8 4 % 1/ 4 ' !0 L ' '

' & & < 8 4 8 /' %

% 8 4 % 1/ 4 ' 1 % & < 8

/ / 1 / 4 8 1 # //4 %

//4 5 / ' @ 1 5 / 4 %

# ' - 8 '

/ $. L 1 ' 8 /' /

8 // / && ' 8 ' 8 ' 1

/ ' 4 8 /' // 8 ' /4 1 8 1 &

' 4 /8 4 ' 5 8 / M 8 &

/ ' 4 8 /' ' 5 /4 8

% ' ' ! L 1 ' 8 /' &

(47)

' 8 ' A )/ , B 1 '

' ' 5 /4 8 % ' '

- ! : // & ' 8 '

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly disagree 64 56,6 56,6 56,6

Disagree 21 18,6 18,6 75,2

Neither agree or disagree 11 9,7 9,7 85,0

Agree 7 6,2 6,2 91,2

Strongly agree 10 8,8 8,8 100,0

Valid

Total 113 100,0 100,0

1 ' A ,. LB ) / ' 4 ' / & ' ' 11 /

& 8 ' '' @ 6. L 1 ' ' 4 %

8 ' 1 / ' ' ' & 4 / 7 8 @ <

1 ' ' ' 4 % 8 ' 8 1

11 A )/ 6 B ' !6 L 1 ' 8 ) / ' 4

' 8 ' 1 / / ' 4 ' 8 '

8 1 11 ,. L 1 .?4 ? /'

4 // 1 / ' !+@0 L 1 & @ +0@ L ) / & -/

' /1 1 /1 1 1 ' ? 9

# @ ' +0 L 1 / & # ' 1 //

# 4 ,. L 1 8 % ' # 4 1

4 ' / 4 /4 1

' ' / ' / ' 0. L 1 )/

8 ' / 4 8 & 8 ' 1 / 4 1

' /4 4 & @ ) /4 4 & % ' 4? ?' 4 %

(48)

- !; & 8 ' 8 1 11

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly disagree 62 54,9 54,9 54,9

Disagree 15 13,3 13,3 68,1

Neither agree or disagree 9 8,0 8,0 76,1

Agree 17 15,0 15,0 91,2

Strongly agree 10 8,8 8,8 100,0

Valid

Total 113 100,0 100,0

Small letters and special characters (a-z, _)

Small and big letters and special characters (a-z, A-Z, _) Small and big letters, numbers and special chararacters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _) Small and big letters and numbers (a-z, A- Z, 0-9) Small letters, numbers and special characters (a-z, 0-9, _) Small letters and numbers (a-z, 0- 9)

Small letters (a-z) Missing

Composition of password

($ %!: 1 8 '

8 ' 1 ' ' 4 /4 ' 8 '

1 ' ,.L 1 ' 1 ' 4 ' ' /

/ / % /' 8 / 4 8 & '

% 4 & 8 ' 7 /1 1 ' 8 ' ' 1 / 8 ?

/ ' ) / & & @ ' ++ L 1 ' '

8 '@ 8 ' 1 / 8 ? ' / ' )

A2 & $ B ' & 4 1 2 A(..+F ! B & ' 8 '

1 ' / 8 ? / @ ) ' /

(49)

1 ' & ' 8 ' 8 4 ' '

!+@ L 1 ' & ' 1 ' ' /

1 < /4 7 & / & ) 1 8 ' 1 ' 11 / '

1 / 14 8 ' 8 ' 8 1

# 4@ ' & @ )

/ '

' 1 1 1 ' 8 /' ' / % / &

& 1 % 8 '' @ 1 & 8 & & 0. L 1

' ' 8 % / / 1 / . L 1

' ' / ' & ' / ' 4 8 % /

/1 1 ' ' 4 ' ' ' / ' 4

& 8 % / 8 / ' 4 1 & '

/ ' 4 & 8 8 // ' & ' 1

' ' & 8 1 8 ' ' /4 '' 8

4 ' & ' & 8 1 ) '' )4

& 9 & ' / ' 4 & @ 8 1 8 ' ' //

' @ 1 )/ / ' /

(! L 1 ' 4 ' ' 8 % /

/ / 1 ' ' / ' ' & 6. L 1

' ' // & ' ' / '

1 1 / & 8 & & '

/

,. L 1 ' ' / ' 4 A2 & , B

8 ' /4 1 8 % / ' 1 / '

' ' / 1 ' 1 &@ 1

& 1 )) ' 1 & A2 & 6 B : &

(50)

@ / % 8 % ) 1 '

)4 ' /4 % // '

Frequency of Internet use at work

Few times a Once a day week

Few times a Several times a day

day

Count

100

80

60

40

20

0

($ %! 2 < 4 1 8 %

Work related, entertainment Work related, chat, entertainment Work related, chat Work related, chat, hobbies Work related, entertainment, random surfing Work related, random surfing Work related, hobbies Work related Work related, hobbies, random surfing

Entertainment Use of Internet

($ %!; # 1

(51)

0 ' '

1 ' & ' 11 / / 1 ' 1 //

< 1 * ) A2 & !. B 7 8 @ 1 '

' 1 & /8 4 ' '

/ 6. L 1 ' ' 4 1 ' 8 & // &

8 % ' , L 1 ' 1 ' 4 ' /4 1

8 / 8 % : 8 / 8 8 4 & 1

' 8 ' ' / ' / 8 8 % A )/ !. B 4 8 /

4 / // & / )/ 1 '

' 4 1 ' 8 % 14 &

Strongly agree Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Count

60

40

20

0

($ %!5 11 ' 1 * )

(52)

- !5 " 1 8 // ' / ' / 8@ 8 // / // & ' 8 % 1

Mean Std. Deviation N Will to develop and

learn new 4,50 ,646 110

Will to help colleagues 4,50 ,554 110

Work satisfaction 4,07 ,786 110

/ ) 8 8 // ' / ' / 8 ' 8 // / // &

8 & / 8 % 1 ' & 1 A'1 V . . B

A )/ !! B 1 ' 8 ' ' 1 ' 8 % 14 & // 1

' ? 9 # ' ' / ' /

# 1 ' / 4 4 4 & 9

- !55 - / / 11 8 // & 1 8 % 1

Control Variables

Will to develop and

learn new Will to help colleagues

Correlation 1,000 ,361

Significance (2-tailed) . ,000

Will to develop and learn new

df 0 107

Correlation ,361 1,000

Significance (2-tailed) ,000 .

Work satisfaction

Will to help colleagues

df 107 0

1 ' ' ' 1 ' 8 % A2 & !! B ++ L 1

' 1 ' & 8 % -/ @ L ) / & & '

!$@0 L A )/ !( B ++ L 1 1 / & # @ (0

L 1 ' ? 9 # ' (+ L 1 //

# 1 1 / 1 ' & 8 % 8 % '

11 1 4 / // 1 '

/ ' / ' ) /1 1 )/ 8 / ' / 1

' '' @ ' / '

8 ' ' )/ &

(53)

Strongly agree Agree

Neither agree nor disagree Disagree

Strongly disagree

Count

50

40

30

20

10

0

($ %!55 : %

- !5 C ) ' 1 1 ' & 8 %

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Manager 4 12,5 12,5 12,5

Planner / Head of Study

Affairs 21 65,6 65,6 78,1

Secretary / Study

Advisor / Tutor 7 21,9 21,9 100,0

Valid

Total 32 100,0 100,0

1 ' & ' & ' & 1 1

& ' 1 1 8 // * ) 7 8 @ 6 L 1

' ' 4 8 /' < ' 1 1

& 1 1 8 // ' ' &

8 ' @ ) 8 8 ' (( L 1

' ' ' & ' & < 1

' 8 8 J & ' & K@ ' &

& 1 1 & 8 ' // ' 1

(54)

1 = ' / ' % // ' / 4 8 % &

& ' 1 ' 1 1 4 8

/4 ' L 1 ' ' ' & ' / 8

// & / / 1 ' ' ' 8 &

' & < 8 / ) 8 // & 8

& ' / ) 8 & & 1 1 & '

// & ' & ' / & // & & 1 '

/ / A )/ !+ B / & ) 8 &

& 1 1 & ' & & 1 1

// & @ 1 ' 8 & 4 ' &

1 1 & / 1 ' 4 ' & 1

1 // & / / // & 1 ) 8

& ' / & // & ' & & 1 1

& @ ) &

- !56 / ) 8 & ' / 8 % ' 8 & 1 8

' 1 & ' // &

Receiving enough information from Managers

Receiving enough information

from colleagues

Good relationships

between colleagues

Pearson Correlation 1 ,609(**) ,294(**)

Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,002

Receiving enough information from Managers

N 111 111 111

Pearson Correlation ,609(**) 1 ,454(**)

Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000

Receiving enough information from colleagues

N 111 111 111

Pearson Correlation ,294(**) ,454(**) 1

Sig. (2-tailed) ,002 ,000

Good relationships between colleagues

N 111 111 111

** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

(55)

$ 1 4 = ' / ' &

' ,. L 1 ' ' / 8 '

4 8 # 4 A2 & !( B 1

' ' & ' 4 1 / & 1 &

4 1 4 & 8 ' )4 ' ( L 1

' A2 & !+ B ' +. L 1 ' ' / ' &

' 4 1 4 & ' ' L 1 ' ' '

& ' & & ' 1 4 &

' 8 / ' J & K J &/4 & K 8 < '

1 1 4 & 4 ' ' 1 '

8 ' ' 1 4 & ' ' 1 1

/ 1 1 ' '

' 1 4 & 8 & ' &

1 1 8 & ' /

Strongly agree Agree

Neither agree nor disagree Disagree

Strongly disagree

Frequency

60

40

20

0

($ %!5 - / 8 ' 4

(56)

Strongly agree Agree

Neither agree nor disagree Disagree

Strongly disagree

Frequency

50

40

30

20

10

0

($ %!56 - / ' ' 1 4 &

/1 1 ' ' 4 ' ' 4 % ' 1

1 4 & ' <

1 < 4 1 1 4 & A2 & ! B ' (. L 1

' ' 4 ' ' 1 4 & / 1

4 & /4 (. L ' 4 ' ' 1

4 & /4 /4 ' , L 1 ' / ' 4

' ' 1 4 & 4 1 < /4

/ . L 1 ' ' 8 / 4 ' '

1 4 & ) & & 1 / 4 A2 & ! B

' L ' ' & ' & < ' /4 ' !0 L

' 8 / 4 ' ' 1 1 4 &

) & & 1 / 4 ! L 1 ' ' 1

4 & ' / 8 ' ' 1 / A2 & !0 B ' +( L '

8 1 4 & ' / 1 / ' /1 1

' 8 1

(57)

Once a year or more often Less often than once a year Once, organized by the mother university Once, when beginning a job at Open University Never Missing Frequency of

information security training

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Strongly agree Agree

Neither agree nor disagree Disagree

Strongly disagree

Frequency

50

40

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(58)

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Strongly disagree

Frequency

60

50

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(60)

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Size of Open University Security awareness issues Frequency Percent Large Medium Small Willing to verify the personal identity

number with a student on the phone 61 54,0 21 33 7

Willing to verify the personal identity

number with a student by email 24 21,2 6 17 1

Not locking the PC when not by it 52 46,0 20 29 3

Not locking the office door when leaving for

a short time 32 28,3 10 20 2

Not locking the PC or office door when leaving the office for a short time and having outsiders coming to the office daily

14 12,4 1 13 0

Keeping documents with students' personal

information on the desk 48 42,5 15 29 4

Letting an IT support person to use PC with

my user name and password 79 69,9 31 39 9

Giving an IT support person my user name

and password 17 15,0 7 10 0

Believes to store passwords in a safe place but keeps them written on a piece of paper in the office

22 19,5 8 13 1

Willing to open a link in an email from an unknown address if the message is interesting enough

23 20,4 5 16 2

Total number of respondents 113 100 42 58 13

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Viittaukset

LIITTYVÄT TIEDOSTOT

The Master's Degree Programs in the Finnish universities are the Master's Degree Pro- gram in Health and Human Service Informatics at the University of Eastern

Examples of a sociocultural change relevant from the perspective of this paper include the mediatization of the daily lives of many (Western) people and the establishment of

transformation of work challenge language education at the Finnish universities of applied sciences (UAS).. The article highlights some

Purpose of this research is to research the topics information security (IS) and information security awareness (ISA), analyze those two key terms, find related

The results of the research supported the hypotheses of the study in that most respondents did not feel aware of information security risks and therefore did not use valid security

Avainsanat Industrial systems, information security, security practices, security evaluation, security testing,

A comparison of language skills with language use shows that only Finnish and English were both known and used by almost all members of the university staff in Finland, with

4 On the concept of strategic culture and its application to Finnish and Swedish security and defence policies, see Frederik Doeser (2016), “Finland, Sweden and Operation