Not a Single One Left Behind : Governing the ’youth problem’ in youth policies and youth policy implementations

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Avainsanat: Nuorisopolitiikka, hallinta, diskurssit, syrjäytymisriski

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I Mertanen, K. & Brunila, K. (2018). Prison Break. Education of young adults in closed prisons—building a bridge from prison to civil society? Education Inquiry 9 (2) 155-171.

II Mertanen, K., Pashby, K. & Brunila, K. (2020). Governing of young people ‘at risk’ with the alliance of employability and precarious- ness in the EU youth policy steering. Policy Futures in Education 18 (2) 240-260.

III Mertanen, K., Mäkelä, K., & Brunila, K. (2020). What’s the problem (represented to be) in Finnish youth policies and youth support sys- tems? International Studies in Sociology of Education.

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1 “Beneath the Northen Star” is a phrase that is a nationalist staple in Finnish culture.

Here Beneath the Northern Star is a book trilogy written by Väinö Linna, describing the Civil War of Finland in 1918, which was one of the most brutal civil wars Europe has ever witnessed. It is also the name of a folk song describing the harsh and cold living condi- tions of Finland. Also, the Northern Star plays a central role in a fairytale written by one

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of the main proponents of Finnish Language and Finnish Nationalistic movement in the late 1900th century, Zacharias Topelius. In the fairy tale, Russian soldiers kidnap two children, who find their way back home after years of following the Northern Star every night. Thus, the Northern Star has special significance in Finnish folklore and is often de- scribed as the star that is leading Finnish people home since it points always towards North.

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2 Most of the prison population in Finland participate into a range of activities during their sentence. These activities consists of work places where inmates perform simple tasks such as maintenance, laundry, or cleaning, and education and rehabilitation pro- jects and programmes (see Koski & Miettinen, 2008).

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