Cross-boundary Implementation of Climate Adaptation

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Baltic Sea Cooperation for Climate Resilience and Urban Floods Seminar 16 October 2019, in Helsinki, Finland

Rikke Nan Valdemarsen, Advisor – C2C CC

Cross-boundary Implementation of Climate Adaptation

Plans in Denmark - a LIFE Integrated Project

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Who am I?

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Introduction to

Central Denmark Region

In Central Denmark Region:

• Highest point 178 m

• 2,500 km of coast

• 10,000 km of streams

Denmark

5.5 mill. inhabitants 5 regions

98 municipalities

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I

• No authority in DK has taken on the role to secure a prudent and coherent planning across municipality borders.

• It is our assertion that Water Knows No Frontiers – and that is the reason why water must be handled in broad collaborations.

• In DK no authority secures a coordination across authorities and various interests. So in Central Denmark Region we have decided to do something about it.

Progress of the Danish Adaptation Policy Development

- our experience working with municipalities on a regional level

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• The government platform, in 2012, decided, that the municipalities should have climate adaptation plans within 2 years. We went through the plans to get an impression of how the municipalities handled the task.

• We found a vast difference in how the task had been solved. However, certain issues were the same across the municipality borders. Thus, we considered it wise to initiate collaboration on handling the joint challenges.

• It formed the basis for the project C2C CC

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Legislative drivers

• 2014: Climate adaption plans in 98 municipalities

• 2018: Climate and coastal protection in municipalities

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• Which areas will be flooded?

• Value mapping using the BBR (national housing and building register)

• Escape routes (values – what must be preserved)

• Merging various maps

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p 17: http://www.rm.dk/siteassets/regional-udvikling/ru/publikationer/klimatilpasning/skabelon- klimatilpasning2013.pdf

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• Implementation of who must pay?

• A finance system based on rates where the consumers pay for water supply and water discharge levy respectively

• Finding the money for climate adaptation:

• The water utillities have service objectives,

• Political requirement that the municipality can handle a 10 or 25 year incident (historically, 5 year incident)

• The utility can pay by a finance system based on rates, if the model is cheaper than traditionally.

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The Secretariat for Water Supply sets the price ceilings and economic limits for Danish water and waste water companies to ensure the best prices on water.

The water regulation ensures that:

• Consumers are not overcharged

• Companies have the necessary means to operate their net

• Companies continuously are streamlining their operation

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• The Secretariat for Water Supply is a national board to which the utility/municipality can apply for funds.

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A finance system based on rates

• Each utility has to benchmark itself against others (published for 2017 based on accounting figures).

• There is a CEILING. An application can be made to raise the ceiling due to extraordinary climate adaptation costs.

• The ceiling is the reason why utilities are merged, as the benchmark becomes too expensive for the individual utility.

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All stakeholders put the system to the test, and the boundaries are moving. E.g.

making the streams robust. Does that imply that the polluters can discharge more?

2016: 100 % financing

2017: 80 % financing (not a single project was applied for) 2018/2019: 100 % financing (again)

Still, municipalities pay for only hardware like tables and benches.

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• In order to get free resources in the coming budgets, planning within municipality borders

• 10 areas for special risk management plans (more far-reaching than climate adaptation plans, and not a requirement)

• No requirements for coordinated planning (only in Randers municipality)

• Coordinated planning in C2C CC

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• The utility must comply to the regulations and pay

• Functional ownership:

Delay of water in the countryside/farmland fields.

The municipality must own the function of the plant.

If it leads to damages, the landowner is compensated.

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• The municipalities and the citizens plan within the scope of the legislation.

They must comply with the consideration for biodiversity and aestaetics.

• The Danish society for Nature Conservation is dissatisfied due to too few requirements.

• The state grants money for projects in the National Budget.

• Otherwise, municipal own financial contribution.

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The citizen who has the dog crap, must pay himself”

”Principle of use: The one who has got the usefulness, must pay for it”

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Introduction to

Central Denmark Region

In Central Denmark Region:

• Highest point 178 m

• 2,500 km of coast

• 10,000 km of streams

Denmark

5.5 mill. inhabitants 5 regions

98 municipalities

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• Central Denmark Region makes a template with the municipalities and an advisor from the Environmental Protection Agency.

• The attention is on the dialogue across governance borders, and to merge risk maps with value maps in order to generate joint principles for value

assessment (not in each municipality) in order to create a better understanding.

• Joint scenarios are made, at sea levels rises +1 m and +3 m, for a joint map.

• Climate adaption plans, finding the joint challenges, the holes in the cheese and filling out those holes.

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½ - 1 m higher sea level

10 - 40% increased precipitation

5 - 15 % increased run-off water

0 - 2 m higher groundwater table

Water challenges in the year 2100 (in Denmark)

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River challenges in the Gudenå

Mean annual flow, litres per second

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Coastal Challenges

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Water knows No Frontiers

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Following CH, DK has the highest European losses connected to water

incidents!

Climate change affect us in various ways, e.g.

extreme heat in

Southern Europe and more water in the North.

Our challenges are similar to many other places in the world.

No matter how much we limit the CO₂

emissions, the climate changes and

we need to adapt!

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The Project

1. Region Midtjylland, leadpartner 2. Central Denmark EU-Office 3. Favrskov Kommune 4. Hedensted Kommune 5. Herning Kommune 6. Holstebro Kommune 7. Horsens Kommune 8. Lemvig Kommune

9. Lemvig Vand & Spildevand A/S 10. Morsø Forsyning A/S

11. Morsø Kommune 12. Norddjurs Kommune 13. Randers Kommune 14. Samsø Kommune 15. Silkeborg Kommune

16. Skanderborg Forsyningsvirksomhed A/S 17. Skanderborg Kommune

18. Skive Kommune 19. Skive Vand A/S

20. Struer Forsyning & Spildevand A/S 21. Struer Kommune

22. Syddjurs Kommune 23. Thisted Kommune

24. Thisted Spildevand Transport A/S 25. Vestforsyning Erhverv A/S 26. Vesthimmerland Kommune 27. Vesthimmerlands Vand A/S 28. VIA University College 29. Viborg Kommune 30. Aalborg Universitet 31. Aarhus Universitet

Partners of Collaboration

Supporting Partners

Project period 6 years Budget EUR 12m Support EUR 7m

1. Beredskabsstyrelsen 2. Concito

3. DI 4. DTU Miljø 5. Eksportforeningen 6. Ferskvandscentret 7. Forsikring og Pension 8. GEUS

9. Ikast Brande Kommune 10. KLIKOVAND

11. Kystdirektoratet 12. Mariager Kommuner 13. Miljøstyrelsen 14. Odder Kommune 15. Randers Vandmiljø

16. Ringkøbing-Skjern Kommune 17. SAMN Forsyning

18. SEGES

19. Teknologisk Institut 20. Vand i byer 21. Aarhus Kommune

22. Danske Maskinstationer og Entreprenører

23. Syddansk Universitet

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The Direction

Capacity building and

sustainable

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C2C CC Matrix

GOVERNANCE

INNOVATION TOOLS

SUSTAINABILITY CAPACITY BUILDING

24 Actions

1 region

18 municipalities 8 water companies 3 universities

1 EU rep. office

= 31 partners + 23 supporting partners

Life project: 6 years 12m EUR

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We work in the C2C CC matrix where the vertical pillars represent the water circuit, whereas the three horisontal tasks handle cross-disciplinary

considerations, we

• develop new ways of planning and new ways of managing the solutions

• develop the best possible tools and a joint basis for decisions thus concepts and solutions solve several challenges at the same time, and

• include the enterprises, creating business opportunities

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Governance

• Hands on Preparatory Actions A1

• Mobilising broad partnerships (Bulgaria, France, India, Japan)

• Challenges, the partners needed to solve anyway, and which they could not solve on their own

• Synergies and opportunities in co-creation

• Improving processes during co-creation

• Gaps finding in existing legislation

• Legislation, new paradigm for maintenance

• The UK, the watertrusts (no demands from the governance side), local stakeholders and local ownership result in success and maintenance

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The overall objective

Better mutual planning than one can do alone

Efficiently taking care of water related climate challenges and turning them into business opportunities and improvements of society

Joint vision and strategy, collaborative planning and division of labour

Creating a Danish Water Valley,

paving the way in Europe

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We have the platform!

Thus we have good prerequisites for

developing, testing, manufacturing and selling new solutions We must

develop and demonstrate new solutions and concepts train the labour force

create the necessary organisations (networks, cross-boundary collaborations, information centres etc.) In other words, we shall collaborate on

a shared vision a joint strategy coordinating plans

a rational division of labour

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Le Mur in Lemvig is a multifunctional solution

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sØnæs in Viborg is a multifunctional solution

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Climate road in Hedensted

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Klimavejen – permeable asphalt with a multi functional solution

• Precipitation is used for district heating of a kindergarten

• Innovative collaboration started among participants, on a European Climate Change Adaption Confence in Glasgow, where they met by chance

• 13 participants, VIA University College, PhD students, Hedensted Municipality, and Lemvig Public Utility.

• NCC (construction), Lemvig Public Utility and Klimatorium did the initial sale to NZ.

• VIA University College and Lemvig Public Utility collaborated with an interest in NZ.

• Resulting in prolonged training of engineers, and a study tour to NZ.

• One on one replication of Klimatorium in NZ.

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Now wheat

Rice in future?

Adaption of sustainable agriculture Many changes are needed

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We need to be

prepared for flooding

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C4 Business Opportunities

Permeable pavements

Adaptive sluices

Efficient pumps

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Remote Sensing as a Tool – using the Copernicus programme data

Sentinel-1

(2014 – 2016)

Copernicus programme,

• Sentinel-1: High spatio-temporal resolution and spatial coverage

• Data acquisition ensured until 2030

• Free and open data policy

Great potential for nationwide deformation monitoring!

Source:

Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate

Ref: PPO.Labs, NORUT, NGU (2017)

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Game changers – new paradigms in innovation and business development

• Eco System Services

• Nature based solution

• Biodiversity

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To udstillingsvinduer

AquaGlobe Klimatorium

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AquaGlobe

Dissemination

• Climate history / cultural history

• Communication to raise awareness among citizens

• Platforms like museums, and 2 beacons, Klimatorium and

AquaGlobe

• Films

• Events

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Klimatorium

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C2C CC – a Pathway to a Climate Resilient Region

Science-based climate change adaptation knowledge (methods, data and innovation)

Capacity development for the use of climate adaption, targeted decision makers Capacity development for the use of climate adaption, targeted decision makers

Technical and stewardship guidance and support across and from outside the consortium to implement local and catchment based CCA solutions

Smart knowledge based Climate Change Adaptation is implemented locally and regionally

Becoming a climate resilient (SDG) region is reached fast and efficient

P R O C E S S A I M

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The most significant results

... are related to the cross-boundary work, which are the results created across

administrative borders

Cross-cutting cooperation provides more and better climate adaptation

In Central Jutland work is done:

more holistic

Difficult to create synergy across EU legislation and climate change adaptation.

What have C2C CC done to change the current state?

Participated in expert committees Attended political meetings

Meetings with the EU Commission

Discussion in the Steering Committee

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Technical Issues

1. Replication Activities 2. Tools

3. Climatorium

4. The Dialogue Model / MGA 5. Education Activities

6. KPI

7. Platform Meeting – project ideas 8. Other Issues

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Replication Activities

Two levels of replication:

1. Internal in the partnership

2. External from the partnership to others Tree kinds of replication:

1. Physical 2. Tools and 3. Methods

An example: Brittany, France

We share knowledge with stakeholders like organizations, companies on methods, results etc.

Raise the question, is there a need for a certain level of implementation?

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Physical examples of replication activities

• Climate Road - New Zealand

• Car parks in Hedensted municipality and

• Climatorium DK ->

• Climatorium - New Zealand

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Replication of tools - examples

The Ground Water Tool - actually we are working on covering all of Denmark.

SCALGO distributes the tool world-wide.

PhD student on in situ cleaning of surface water - will be replicated inside and outside til partnership.

3Di – Replicated from the Netherlands to C2C CC partners

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Replication of methods - examples

Working with holistic, multifunctional solutions and added value - it is our experience that it is increasingly prevalent (e.g. Tokyo)

Creating broader partnerships to handle complex challenges

– we meet great interest in our experiences – both from Denmark and from abroad

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Tools C3 and C6

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Proces

August 2017: Brainstorm meeting in Horsens og Holstebro

•Experiences from the partnership with shallow groundwater

•What is the need for knowing more about where the shallow groundwater is located?

•Which functionality should the tool contain?

•Establishment of a project group

- Jan Sørensen, Ikast-Brande Municipality - Claus Holst Iversen, Viborg Municipality - Theis Raaschou Andersen, VIA University - Mia Rix, Randers Municipality

Meeting with the project group about contents and the form of the tender

•cases og competitive dialogue

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Functional description of the tool:

Location and registration of the shallow groundwater Users - municipalities and utilities

Urban planning, construction work, climate adaptation

Shallow groundwater within 1 meter below terrain (now and in 2050) Developing a cloudburst map with the infiltration capacity for

different soil types Tender

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Tender

Team nr. Applicant Sub-consulant

1 COWI GEUS

2 GEO Envidan

3 DHI

4 Hydroinform Septima

5 Orbicon

6 Rambøll

7 Niras IGIS + Institut for Agroøkologi

8 Geopartner Watson C

Tender released in January 2018

• 8 teams – prequalification

Scalgo was chosen as a supplier for the IT-platform

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Period: 1998 - 2017 (68.000->30.036) Groundwater level down to 10 m.u.t Data cleansing

No. of observations 14.916 ( approx 1 per km² ) 392 monitoring wells with more than 5 registrations 1.900 points i streams, lakes og coasts: GVS=0 m.u.t Geophysical investigations

Data basis and data analysis

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Why machine learning?

Variable Target Output

Training

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Creation of decision trees

Average of 1000 tree

^s

Every

tree is built on a

coincidental set of data and variable Random Forest

Input: 26 variables & 17.000 traning data (15.000 monitoring

wells + 2.000 point in streams, lakes etc.)

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Variables

Groups Variables

Geology

Clay content - a horizon Clay content - b horizon Clay content - c horizon Clay content - d horizon Quaternary thickness

Top clay thickness Drain probability Drain categories Lowland classification

Landscape typology Geo-region

Soil type

Topography

Elevation model Elevation model detrend Topographic Wetness Index

Saga Wetness Index Upstreams area

Inclination Vertical distance to streams

Distance to surface water

Vertical distance to streams Horizontal distance to streams Lake, stream, and coast classification

Precipitation Precipitation

Land use Degree of impervious areas Land use

Coordinates

Coordinates (utmx) Coordinates (utmy)

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The Dialogue Model / Mutual Gains Approach

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DIALOGUE

Network with all relevant stakeholders

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Mutual Gains Approach

First we were introduced to MGA at ECCA2017 in Glasgow at our session

A Dutch consultant followed up during a meeting in Denmark, July 2017

The Dutch consultant, Karsten Schipperheijn, P2, was a huge help in planning the study tour to the Netherlands in May 2018

introduced us to MGA

showed us examples (Room for the River Waal etc.) received visits from partners subsequently

we plan to follow up with a course in the region

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The two methods are very much alike The Dialogue Model is “home made”

The MGA model is developed and formulated at a American university

The method is told to be a Scandinavian way of cooperating / negotiate based on great mutual trust

All stakeholders achieve better results, that they expected from the beginning

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Combined with the master class on co-creation and added value, we arrange one or more courses for the partnership (and politicians) – this fall

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ECCA2019

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Name of the session:

Adaptive governance reflections on cross-border and cross-authority partnerships

How to make CCA partnerships work? Adaptive governance reflections on the CCA cross-border and cross-authority partnership “EU LIFE C2C CC”

6 people from the partnership tells from their angle;

1. EU LIFE IP C2C CC and CDR is taking the role of facilitating cross border governance of CCA without a regulatory mandate,Dorthe Selmer, project manager at C2C CC

2. CCA collaboration across 7 municipalities in the large river catchment of Gudenå,Bjarke Horst Jensen, Hedensted Municipality

3. Why citizen driven partnership makes sense, a C2C CC project, Maria Elise Sørensen

4. The implications of being an island in a cross-border partnership, Bertel Mejlvang, Samsø Municipality

5. Science-practice collaboration in a CCA innovation project; The Climate Road of Hedensted,,Theis Raaschou Andersen, VIA University College

6. Adaptive governance: theoretical promise and empirical evidence, Helle Ørsted Nielsen, scientist at Aarhus University

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After 3 talks we ask the following questions:

Where are you from?

How do you handle cross border challenges?

Then 3 more talks, and we have a panel discussion facilitated by Duncan Russel, University of East Anglia.

We prepare some questions for this too.

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IWA2020

We have submitted expression of interest in a

technical tour in continuation of the conference (in the week-end). This is done in collaboration with Climatorium, AquaGlobe and Aarhus Utility.

We jointly promote Danish multifunctional solutions to a StoryMap developed in C2C CC.

We coordinate with the other Danish participants at the Danish booth.

Expect some sessions and posters.

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National Conference on Climate Adaptation 23 – 24 October 2019

Topic future climate adaptation

Arranged in collaboration with our complementary projects 3 tracks with different sessions

Strategic added value to climate adaptation Techniques and concepts

Organization and collaboration

•Poster sessions, lectures, networking, excursions and more

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Education

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Involvement of Students – Capacity Building Education

Phase 1

Claus Lolk – ”An Inquiry of Collective Climate Action” techno anthropology (internship) Pernille Paulsen, Klimatorium

Jonas Jessen, Climate Ribbon Claus Lolk, AquaGlobe

Phase 2

Master thesis, ”Assessment of Municipal Use of ESS and their challenges”

Guide for Municipalities on How to Implement ESSPatrick Danielsen, C2C CC secretariat

Master thesis, ”Imagining sustainable development:

tehcno-anthropological considerations of the SDGs”, Jonas Jessen

PhD Thesis, ”In-situ Cleansing in Climate Roads”

Lasse Abrahamsen (Phase 2), Lemvig Vand og Spildevand,

Aalborg University, VIA University College, NCC Future

Focus on collaboration among youngsters. Latest knowledge, up-to-date education with practical experience

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Involvement of Students – Capacity Building Education (ctd)

Phase 1

Horsens Statsskole, climate adaptation event

The Globe – engineer the future, climate change (1,800 pupils)

MSc (internship)

Christian Billund Dehlbæk, Randers Municipality

MSc (practical training) Pernille Krüger Mertz

Phase 2

Project Economist (trainee) Lise Lotte Stick, secretatiat

Future

Focus on the collaboration among youngsters

Latest knowledge, up-to-date education with practical experience

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Education Activities – Holistic and Cross-disciplinary Capacity Building

Internships (3) PhD thesis (1) COST EU network

VIA University College students, new

knowledge on climate mitigation and climate adaptation

National applications on energy and climate adaptation, VIA University College (3)

Courses Workshops

e.g. ”A – Å’en (I –III)” (3) Seminars

Master Classes e.g. Tokyo Climate Challenges

Rainwater consultants education with the Technological Institute (2)

C24 Climate Heritage and Culture Generating political awareness (3) Water Cycle Management, Aarhus University summer school

WATEC network

Magic Road – Kindergarten

Developing tools in the partnership AquaGlobe/Klimatorium (government school/upper secondary school)

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Status of Key Project-level Indicators

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• Relevance of KPIs in C2C CC

• Difficult to fill out the KPIs on a project level

• Mostly relevant for the

Governance track

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A number of indicators for the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Pilotproject: A Danish baseline for

Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communties

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Goal 11.5 5 Reduce the consequences of natural disasters

UN indicator Number of people dead or disappeared due to natural

disasters

Danish indicator Public expenses used for protection against climate changes

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Platform Meeting

Issues?

Methods for dialogue / collaboration / co-creation Models

Technical solutions Use of the SDGs IWA2020

The Danish Water Valley in spe

What is the climate related situation? (The frames)

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The Life Integrated Project Coast to Coast Climate Challenge is,

48 triple/quadruple helix partners making the region climate resilient focusing on catchment based holistic solutions

working on climate adaptation and water in partnerships combining societal challenges with business opportunities a truly integrated project

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Cross-boundary Implementation of Climate Adaptation

Baltic Sea Cooperation for Climate Resilience and Urban Floods Seminar 16 October 2019, in Helsinki, Finland