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17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

1

Prof. Dr. Asko Sarja

Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Building and Transport

Lifetime Engineering

A Visionary View

(2)

LIFETIME ENGINEERING

Lifetime engineering is a theory and practice of predictive and integrated long-term investment planning, design, management of the use, maintenance planning and end-of-life management of facilities

With the aid of lifetime engineering we can control and optimise the design and management of facilities corresponding to the objectives of owners, users and society.

The objective of Lifetime Engineering is an optimised Lifetime

Quality of facilities

(3)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

3

Life cycle of a building

Technical life cycle of the building Technical life cycle

of the building 0. LAND 0. LAND

1. DEVELOP- MENT 1. DEVELOP-

MENT

2. UTILIZATION 2. UTILIZATION

3. VACANT 3. VACANT 4. REDEVELOP-

MENT 4. REDEVELOP-

MENT 5. UTILIZATION 5. UTILIZATION

6. DEMOLITION 6. DEMOLITION

1.1 Investment analysis

1.2 Project planning:

Setting the goals 1.3 Choices

1.4 Designing and Construction

1.6 Auditing Taking

into use

1.7 Maintenance strategy 2.1 Implementation

of the maintenance strategy

3.1Renting

3.2 Redevelopment 3.3 Sale

3.5 Demolition Visio => cost-effectiveness

strategy

1.5 Quality control

4.1 Investment analysis 4.2 Project planning:

Setting the goals

4.3 Choices 4.5 Auditing

Taking into use 4.6 Maintenance strategy

Environmental aspects Re-use of the materials

The condition of the ground, impurities, soil etc.

5.1 Implementation of the maintenance strategy

3.4 Acquisition 3.4.1 Investment analysis 3.4.2 Setting the goals 3.4.3 Choices

(4)

CONTENT OF THE LIFETIME ENGINEERING

- Lifetime investment planning - Integrated lifetime design

- Integrated lifetime procurement (lifetime contract) - Integrated lifetime management and maintenance

planning

- Rehabilitation and modernisation - End-of Life Management:

- Recovery, Reuse

- Recycling and

- Disposal

(5)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

5

Visions of the future Lifetime Engineering

• The generic criteria of Sustainable Building are followed

– in all phases of the life cycle

• The lifetime management is:

– predictive: future usability, economy, ecology and cultural aspects are evaluated, modelled and used as criteria for selections between alternative solutions and products in all phases

– creative: alternative solutions and technologies are created and found at all phases of the process

– optimising: comparisons between alternative solutions and

products made with rational methods applying the criteria, which correspond to the generic criteria on techno-economic and

architectural level

(6)

Optimising Lifetime Management and design Process

[John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.]

Quantity of informa- tion

Value management and Cost management opportunities

Unstructured

information Concept information

Design information

a b A B C D E F G H

Project awareness

Client development

Inception Feasibility Outline proposals

Scheme design

Detail design

Production information

Bills of quantities

Tender action

Pre-brief Briefing Sketch plans Working drawings

Value management

Cost management

(7)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

7

LIFETIME ENGINEERING PROCESS

Value engineering and management

– a service

• that utilises structured functional analysis and

• other problem solving tools and technques in order to

• determine explicitely s client`s needs and wants

• related to both cost and worth

Cost management

– a servgice that

• synthesises traditional quantity surveying skills with

• structured cost cost reduction or

• substitution procedures using multi-disciplinary team.

(8)

Levels of the functional analysis

• Level 1: Task

– represents the first stage wherein the client organisation perceives a problem

– This problem may be realised through a study of efficiency, safety, markets, profitability etc.

• Level 2: Spaces

– Represents the stage where the architect or the whole design team are engaged in the preaparation of the brief in conjunction with the client

• Level 3: Elements/Modules:

– Is the stage where the building assumes a structural form

• Level 4: Components:

– Is the point where the elements/modules take an identity in terms of buit form.

– Components are selected to satisfy the requirements in terms of

surrounding and servicing space

(9)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

9

[John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.]

(10)

CRITERIA OF LIFETIME QUALITY

of sustainable building

HUMAN CONDITIONS -Functionality

-Health -Safety -Convenience

ECONOMY -Investment economy

-Building costs -Life cycle costs

LIFETIME QUALITY LIFETIME PERFORMANCE

CULTURE -Building traditions

-Life style -Business culture

-Aesthetics

-Architectural styles and trends -Image

ECOLOGY

-Raw materials economy -Energy economy

-Environmental burdens economy -Waste economy

-Biodiversity

(11)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

11

COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE QUALITY

• Life cycle monetary cost (LCMC)

– Construction cost ( 40-60% of LCMC)

– Costs during the period of use (50 y: 60-40% of LCMC)

Maintenance cost during design service life

Repair costs during design service life

Changing costs during design service life

Renewal costs during design service life

Energy cost during design service life

Recovery + ReuseRecycling

Disposal

(12)

COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE QUALITY

• Life cycle functionality (LCF)

–Functionality for the first user

– Flexibility for changes of building services

Flexibility for changes of spaces

Flexibility for changes in

performance of structures

(13)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

13

COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE QUALITY

Life cycle maintainability

• Reliability in operation in normal and abnormal conditions

Ease

Frequency

Staff requirements

(14)

COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE QUALITY

Environmental effectiveness of the life cycle(LCEC)

Consumption of energy in use

(heating+lighting) - a dictating factor (ca.

90%)

Consumption of energy in production (ca.

10%)

Consumption of raw materials: Renewal/non- renewal

Production of pollutants and disposals into air,

soil and water

(15)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

15

ENERGY ECOMY CLASSIFICATION

• Class 1. Standard level. Heating + cooling energy economy is fitting the current standards of each country or region .

• Class 2. Reduced energy level: less than 50% of the current level.

• Class 3. Low energy level: less than 25% of the standard level.

• Class 4. Zero energy level: Heating + cooling energy consumption is zero.

• Class 5. Plus energy building: the gain of solar or other

natural energy is more than needed for heating and building

service systems

(16)

COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE QUALITY

• Safety, health and comfort

– Internal air quality (emissions, fungi)

Acoustic and visual privacy and convenience

Hygrothermal quality of internal conditions

Visual quality and aesthetics

– Working conditions during construction

(17)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

17

PHASES OF THE LIFETIME ENGINEERING

- Lifetime investment planning - Integrated lifetime design

- Integrated lifetime procurement and construction - Integrated lifetime management and maintenance

planning

- Rehabilitation and modernisation - End-of Life Management:

- Recovery, Reuse

- Recycling and

- Disposal

(18)

Investment analysis Risk analysis

Risks return and investment

value

Market research

Technical evaluation Cash flow

expectations/

analysis Different

risk analyses Location

Services:

Needed/ available Technical risks

Lease analyses

Suitability for use

Technical condition

Usage

Technical characteristics

Technical quality

Aesthetical quality Income

Investment value and price

Maintenance and life cycle

costs

Residual and salvage values

Functional quality Financing,

tax and legal environments

Different value concepts

[Taina Koskelo,A METHOD FOR STRATEGIC TECHNICAL LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT OF REAL ESTATES]

(19)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

19

Lifetime investment planning and decision making

• The investment planning and decision making applies value management to audit and optimise:

1.The client`s use of a facility in relation to its corporate strategy

2.The project brief

3.The emerging design

4.The production method

(20)

Maximum

Maximum

Optimum

Design cost Construction cost Use and MR&R(maintenace, repair and rehabilitation) costs Declining

influence on costs

Unnecessary costs Necessary extra cost

Minimum or optimum

Modified from:

John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.

Minimum or optimum High influence

Low expenditure

Low influence High expenditure

Potential Benefits during lifetime

(21)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

21

CENTRAL CONTENT OF ILC (integrated Life Cycle)-DESIGN

– Introducing the requirements of owners, users and society (environment incl.) into functional and technical specifications of materials and structures

– Modular service life planning and optimisation – Performance based design of materials and

structures, incl. service life design (durability) – Design for reuse of components and for

recycling of materials

(22)

INTRODUCING GENERIC CRITERIA INTO DESIGN

Sustainable Society - Sustainable Building

Normative and traditional reliability theory and methods for

structural design

Generalised lifetime limit state design Generic Requirements for sustainable building

Resistance against mechanical loads

Durability against degradation

Usability against

obsolescence

(23)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

23

FRAMEWORK OF ILC-DESIGN

(24)

INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PROCESS AND METHODS

1. Investment planning

– Multiple criteria analysis, optimisation and decision making.

– Life cycle (monetary and natural) economy

2. Analysis of client`s and user`s needs

– Modular design methodology.

– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)

3. Functional specifications of the buildings

– Modular design methodology.

– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)

(25)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

25

INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PROCESS AND METHODS

4. Technical performance specifications

– Modular design methodology.

– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)

5. Creation and sketching of alternative structural solutions

– Modular design methodology.

(26)

INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PROCESS AND METHODS

6. Modular life cycle planning and service life optimisation of each alternative

– Modular design methodology.

– Modular service life planning.

– Life cycle (monetary and natural) economy calculations.

7. Multiple criteria ranking and selection between alternative solutions and products

– Modular design methodology.

– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD).

– Multiple Criteria Analysis, optimisation and decision

making

(27)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

27

INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PROCESS AND METHODS

8. Detailed design of the selected solution

– Design for future changes – Design for durability

– Design for health – Design for safety

– Design for hygrothermal performance.

– User`s manual.

– Design for re-use and recycling

(28)

MODULAR ILC-DESIGN

The tasks for each design alternative are the following:

• Classification of building modules into design service life classes, following a suited modular classification system.

• Stating the number of renewals of each module during the design service life of the building.

• Calculation of total life cycle monetary costs and costs of the nature (ecology) during the design life cycle of the building.

• Preliminary optimisation of the total life cycle cost

varying the value of service life of key modules in

each alternative between the allowed values.

(29)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

29

Specification of performance properties for the alternative structural solutions as an example a multi-storey apartment building.

•Target values of thermal insulation,

•target service life,

•estimated repair intervals,

•estimated maintenance costs,

•limits and targets of environmental impact profiles 5. Envelop/Ground Floor

•Target values of thermal insulation,

•target service life,

•estimated repair intervals,

•estimated maintenance costs,

•limits and targets of environmental impact profiles 4. Envelop/Roof

•Target values of thermal insulation,

•target service life,

•estimated repair intervals,

•estimated maintenance costs,

•limits and targets of environmental impact profiles 3. Envelop/Walls

•Bearing capacity,

•target service life,

•estimated repair intervals,

•estimated maintenance costs,

limits and targets of environmental impact profiles.

2. Bearing frame

•Bearing capacity,

•target service life,

limits and targets of environmental impact profiles 1. Foundations

Central performance properties in specifications

Structural module

(30)

Target values of sound and moisture insulation,

target service life,

estimated repair intervals,

estimated maintenance costs,

limits and targets of environmental impact profiles,

estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations 10. Bathroom and

kitchen

•Target values of sound insulation,

target service life,

estimated intervals of spatial changes in the building,

estimated repair intervals,

estimated maintenance costs,

limits and targets of environmental impact profiles,

estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations 9. Partition walls (incl.

doors)

Target values of sound insulation,

target service life,

estimated repair intervals,

estimated maintenance costs,

limits and targets of environmental impact profiles,

estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations 8. Partition Floors

Target values of thermal insulation,

target service life,

estimated repair intervals,

estimated maintenance costs,

limits and targets of environmental impact profiles 7. Envelop/Doors

Target values of thermal insulation,

target service life,

estimated repair intervals,

estimated maintenance costs,

limits and targets of environmental impact profiles 6. Envelop/Windows

(31)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

31

CRITERIA IN SELECTION BETWEEN ALTERNATIVES

The selected alternative can fulfil some of the following criteria:

– Best in all requirements

– Best weighted properties on reasonable cost level

– Best in preferred requirements, fulfilling accepted level in all requirements

– Best in valuated multiple criteria benefit/cost

ratio

(32)

Project Consortium

CLIENT

Share- holders agree- ment

Subsupplier agreements

Service agreement

Lease agreement/

payment of rent

Agreement on purchase option

Financer

Contractor

Sub-contractors Share-

holders

Suppliers

Construction procurement

LIFETIME RESPONSIBILITY

PROCUREMENT

(33)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

33

Lifetime Responsibility Procurement (Lifetime Contracting)

[Dr. Hywel Davies, Review of Standards and associated literature on technology and lifetime economy]

Innovations in public sector:

Private Finance Initiative (PFI) and Public Private Partnership (PPP).

PFI/PPP are efficient and effective ways of delivering services to the public sector

the responsible contractor has real interest in optimised lifetime costs and

the client defines the requirements and criteria for lifetime quality

is applied both in building and civil engineering sectorusual contract time period 20 - 25 years

Variations of Lifetime Contract process:

“Design, Build and Operate” (DBO),

“Design, Build, Finance and Operate” (DBFO),

“Build, Own, Operate, Transfer” (BOOT)

(34)

Predictive and optimising Facility Management

RELIABILITY BASED METHODOLOGY

System structure

Generic Reliability

Generic Methodology

GENERIC TECHNICAL HANDBOOK:

"LIFECON LMS"

Framework

Process CONDITION

ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL:

"LIFECON CAP"

PLANNING OF MR&R PROJECTS

LCC and LCE

Selections

between methods and materials

Decision making

support METHODS FOR OPTIMISATION

AND DECISION MAKING

Markovian Chain Method

Quality Function

Deployment Method QFD

Risk Analysis

Multiple Attribute Decision Making Aid

DEGRADATION MODELS

Duracrete

RILEM TC 130CSL

EUROPEAN VALIDATION

Case Studies

IT- PROTO- TYPE

(35)

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"

Lyon 2005

35

End-of Life Management

[Prof. Dr. Frank Schultmann, End-of-Life Management of Buildings, Chair for Construction Management and Economics, University of Siegen ]

results

Material Flow Management

optimisation- algorithm constraints

objective function

Scheduling and Optimisation

dismantling- planning

recycling- planning

results

dismantling order

resource requirements

recycling options

data- bases

...

...

bill of materials composition of construction materials quantity of harmful materials

...

recycling techniques quality of recycling products

ressources

> human resources > machinery > space on construction site ...

duration costs

recycling paths ...

...

capacity of ressources project makespan audit of

buildings

costs for dismantling and recycling resource profiles start and finish times for dismantling activities dismantling techniques

durations material flows

generation of different scenarios/modes

data and information flow sys_CIB_uk.ds4

environmental assessment

recycling quotas resource allocation

(36)

Working environment of Lifetime Engineering

Integrated Life- Cycle Design (ILCD)

Integrated Life- Cycle Design (ILCD)

Ownership, Planning and Management of Investments Ownership, Planning and Management of Investments

Life Time Management systems (LMS) Life Time

Management systems (LMS)

Integration of Design and Management Processes Integration of Design and Management Processes

Data for Lifetime Design and Management

Data for Lifetime Design and Management

Norms, Standards and Guidelines for Lifetime Design, Management and

Maintenance Planning Norms, Standards and Guidelines for Lifetime Design, Management and

Maintenance Planning

Practices of Design and Management of Buildings and Infrastructures Practices of Design and Management of Buildings and Infrastructures

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